food engineering

The course aims at providing students knowledge and tools to understand some fundamental concepts regarding agri-food systems, including food supply chains as well as society, environment, and other public and private stakeholders. Agri-food supply chains are introduced and analyzed under a strategic design lens, with focus on supply chain strategies, configurations and main processes.
The course also identify key trends for modern agri-food supply chain referring to sustainability and quality.
Moreover, students will be introduced to examples of real supply chains in different food industrial segments, in which relevant and specific sustainability challenges and transformation will be analyzed from a theoretical as well as from a practical perspective, through seminars by companies' speakers.
Teaching is delivered by a mix of:
Lectures and introduction of theoretical frameworks
Discussion of case studies
Seminars from companies and academic experts in specific domains
Recorded video-lectures to provide bases for in-class discussion

At the end of the course the students will be able to:
Understand the concept of supply chain and supply chain management
Describe the main typologies of food supply chains in terms of industry overview, main actors, key processes, main sustainability challenges and related innovations
Understand, describe and analyze the type of supply chain strategies and the main models for global supply chain configurations (for non-food and food products)
Understand and describe the main trends and challenges connected to sustainable development and the grand challenges connected to the food industry
Understand principles of the circular economy paradigm for the food system, main business models and main enablers of food waste prevention and management
Understand the key principles and challenges connected to food traceability and their implications for the agri-food supply chains
Apply knowledge and analyse paradoxical issues regarding sustainability in food, devoleping and defending arguments while also communicating the main results.

Introduction to the concept of supply chain, supply chain management
Supply chain management processes
Push/pull view of supply chain processes
The SCOR model
The impact of complexity and uncertainty
Strategic network design
Supply chain strategies and strategic fit: Fisher (1997) and Hau Lee (2002) models (discussion of case studies)
Global supply chain: drivers and different global supply chain configurations
Risk and resilience in food supply chains
Sustainability in the agri-food supply chain
Definition of sustainability: grand sustainability challenges for the agri-food industry
The role of the supply chain: threats and opportunities
How to accelerate sustainability transitions in the agri-food supply chain:
Collaborations for sustainable value creation
Short food supply chains (discussion of a case study)
Traceability in the agri-food supply chain
Circular economy principles and business models
The food waste hierarchy framework
Technologies and solutions for food waste reduction and valorization
Supply chain configurations, managerial and sustainability challenges and related innovation for various industrial segments and products.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Prova orale condizionata (a scelta del docente)
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale

• Mandatory written exam (weighting 70% of the final grade), consisting of multiple-choice and open-ended questions.
• Mandatory debate session (weighting 30% of the final grade). Students work in groups to prepare for and participate in a debate on an assigned topic.
  As part of the debate, each group is required to prepare:
• a PowerPoint presentation;
• a short written summary paper.
  During the debate session, students present and defend their arguments while taking part in the different phases of the debate process.

Samir Dani, Food Supply Chain Management and Logistics - From Farm to Fork, Editore: Kogan Page, Anno edizione: 2015
Sunil Chopra, Supply Chain Management - Strategy, Planning and Operations, Editore: Pearson, Anno edizione: 2019
Note: (Only chapters from 1 to 6 and chapter 17)

Food packaging sits at the intersection of materials science, food science, process engineering, regulation, and sustainability. The course of Materials for Food Packaging introduces:
the basic principles of modern food packaging technologies, and the deterioration mechanisms that packaging is designed to control;
the main classes of packaging materials, their industrial production and converting processes, and their role in the food industry;
the systematic selection of materials for a packaging system, from the translation of product requirements to the screening, ranking and documentation of candidate solutions, with computer-aided tools;
the transport phenomena that govern barrier performance, and the sizing of monolayer and multilayer structures;
the European regulatory framework on food contact materials and on packaging and packaging waste, and the assessment of the end-of-life of a packaging solution.

By the end of the course, students will be able to:
Knowledge and understanding
1.1. Describe the functions and the levels of a packaging system, and the industrial scenario and technical needs of the food packaging sector.
1.2. Explain the physical, chemical, and microbiological mechanisms of food deterioration, and their relationship with intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
1.3. Describe mass transport phenomena in packaging materials and the physical meaning of diffusion, solubility, permeability, permeance and transmission rate.
1.4. Describe the composition, the main properties and the manufacturing and converting technologies of the main families of packaging materials.
1.5. Outline the European regulatory framework for food contact materials and for packaging and packaging waste.
Applying knowledge and understanding
2.1. Define the index of failure of a food product and build a kinetic model to predict its shelf life.
2.2. Translate a set of product and process requirements into a structured grid of materials properties, constraints, objectives and free variables.
2.3. Screen and rank candidate materials, also by means of computer-aided tools (Ansys GRANTA EduPack), and document the selection.
2.4. Size the barrier requirements of monolayer and multilayer structures and identify the appropriate measurement standards.
2.5. Select food simulants and testing conditions for a compliance assessment, and evaluate the end-of-life scenario of a proposed solution.
Making judgements
3.1. Critically compare alternative packaging solutions in terms of performance, safety, cost and sustainability, and defend the choice.
3.2. Research, collect and critically evaluate data from scientific literature, grey literature, patents, standards and legislation.
Communication skills
4.1. Organize a technical text presenting the solution of a case-study problem.
4.2. Present, in written and oral form, the results of a technical solution, with a transparent acknowledgment of the tools used.
Learning skills
5.1. Retrieve and use the technical, normative and commercial sources of the packaging sector (datasheets, standards, EUR-Lex, materials databases) independently.

The course is organized in four sections, delivered through lectures, practical sessions, seminars, and group work. Each class is divided into a theory block and a practical block (numerical exercises, computer lab, in-class experiments and demonstrations, guided progress on the annual assignment).
Food packaging: functions, product requirements, and shelf life
1.1. Fundamentals of packaging: historical timeline, facts and figures, definitions and technical terms.
1.2. The functions of packaging: containment, protection, preservation, convenience, communication; packaging levels (primary, secondary, tertiary).
1.3. Product deterioration and shelf life: definitions and standards, index of failure, kinetic models, water activity and sorption isotherms; physical, chemical and enzymic deterioration.
1.4. Microorganisms in food: growth and predictive models, effect of temperature, pH, water activity and oxygen; thermal death kinetics.
The materials selection process and the classes of packaging materials
2.1. Design and development strategy; translation, screening, ranking and documentation; constraints, objectives, free variables and materials indices.
2.2. Materials families and materials property charts; the main physical and chemical properties of materials for food packaging; computer-aided selection.
2.3. Glass: composition, container nomenclature and manufacturing.
2.4. Paper and paperboard: composition, manufacturing and converting, oil and grease resistance, coating and lamination.
2.5. Polymers: common polymers and additives, processing and converting (extrusion, coextrusion, coating and lamination, orientation, thermoforming, blow molding).
2.6. Metals: steel and tinplate, aluminum alloys, two-piece and three-piece can manufacturing, coatings.
Transport phenomena, preservation technologies, and food safety
3.1. Barriers in food packaging and classic transport laws: diffusion coefficient, solubility, permeability, permeance, transmission rate (OTR, WVTR).
3.2. Factors affecting permeability in polymers; multilayer structures and the series-resistance model; measurement standards.
3.3. Shelf-life extension by packaging technologies: respiration of fresh produce, modified and controlled atmosphere packaging.
3.4. Migration and food contact materials: mechanisms, overall and specific migration, migration models, NIAS; Reg. (EC) 1935/2004 and Reg. (EU) 10/2011.
Sustainability of food packaging
4.1. Packaging waste: myths, facts and figures; the waste hierarchy.
4.2. The European framework on packaging and packaging waste (PPWR) and recyclability assessment.
4.3. Recycling technologies for paper, metals, glass and plastics; mechanical and chemical routes; recycled materials in food contact applications.
4.4. Biobased, biodegradable and compostable materials.
Case studies and practical sessions
A substantial part of the course is based on practical sessions and on seminars on industrial case studies. The practical sessions are designed so that each class advances by one step the annual design assignment, which is the object of the final examination.

Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, individuale, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
The final exam will be based on a case study related to a food packaging materials problem in an industrial context. The exam will consist of two parts:
1. A written report, to be submitted at least one week before the examination date;
2. An oral presentation based on the selected case study, supported by slides. At the end of the presentation, the instructor will pose questions about the presentation and topics presented during class hours.
The assessment is based on a semester-long design assignment: selecting materials for a packaging element of a packaging system for an assigned food product in an industrial context. Students may complete the assignment individually or in groups of two, and develop it incrementally during the practical sessions, with periodic reviews in class.
The written report assesses the ability of the student to:
Define the industrial scenario and the technical needs addressed by the proposed solution;
Collect and critically evaluate information from scientific literature, grey literature, standards and legislation;
Develop and justify a materials selection process, including the quantitative sizing of the requirements;
Summarise and present the results in a technical and scientific report.
The oral presentation and discussion assess:
The quality of the exposition and the command of the specialized vocabulary;
The ability to discuss technical problems related to food packaging, organizing knowledge in a coherent argument;
The level of knowledge of the topics presented during the course.
The use of generative AI tools is allowed but must be acknowledged, specifying the tools used, how they were used, the prompts entered, and the sections concerned.

Gordon L. Robertson, Food Packaging: Principles and Practice, Anno edizione: 2012

Logistics management has now become one of the key business areas for companies operating in the food industry to compete, be successful and thrive in nowadays’ business environment, characterized by increasing pressure on customer service levels, quality and operating cost compressions. The current turbulence and volatility of the competitive scenario increase the managerial complexity for businesses. Hence, it is essential that the future managers and professionals are equipped with a solid foundation of the discipline and with cutting edge practical knowledge of logistics and distribution processes and activities. They require knowledge and experience of the key tools of analysis, modelling and measurement for making better and informed decisions to achieve the objectives of efficiency and effectiveness within the food sector.
The aims of this module are:
to provide students with advanced knowledge of the principles, practices and tools for designing, analyzing and managing logistics and distribution processes, with particular reference to the food industry;
to explore the integrative role of Logistics within food organizations and the impact upon logistics and distribution processes of the significant changes in the wider food sector and its competitive environment;
to develop into students a strong problem solving skill also through the use of a scientific and engineering approach (Analysis, Learning, Reasoning, and Modelling capability deriving from a solid and rigorous multidisciplinary background);
to lead students to engage with real-life logistics problems working in teams and communicating ideas.

On successful completion of this module, students will be able to:
Module learning outcome description
LO1
Critically compare and contrast different contemporary principles, practices and tools for managing logistics and distribution processes by engaging with the relevant literature and practices at the forefront of the discipline.
LO2
Systematically analyse, synthesise and evaluate unstructured and complex logistics and distribution problems for decision making in the food industry.
LO3
Design and formulate innovative solutions to practical real-life logistics problems typical of the food industry by using relevant modelling approaches in an original and creative way.
LO4
Construct and deliver effective reporting to demonstrate self-direction and a critical understanding of current logistics and distribution problems with particular reference to the food sector.

Indicative content
The strategic role of Logistics Management in the food supply chain. Definition of Logistics Management. Evolution of Logistics into Supply Chain Management. Logistics processes and principles. The role of Logistics in the corporate strategy. Types of Logistics Strategies.
Design of Logistics and Distribution Systems in the food supply chain. Logistics network design and management. Modelling of food distribution. Distribution network typologies: single and multi-echelon, hub and spoke, mixed structures. Design methodologies and quantitative decision support tools. Outsourcing of Logistics: objectives, logistics service providers, selection criteria.
Sales and Operations Planning. Advanced models and tools for demand planning. Forecasting for food demand. Inventory planning in a multi-item multi-node logistics system. Collaborative Planning: Information sharing, Central coordination models (e.g. Vendor Managed Inventory -VMI), Collaboration models (e.g. Collaborative Planning Forecasting and Replenishment-CPFR). Impacts of inventory management on order cycle time.
Logistics Execution for food regulation, safety and quality. Food packaging. Warehouse Design and Management: objectives, criteria, methodologies, quantitative decision-support models. The storage of perishable products. Automated warehouses: performance indicators, technical features, management policies, application fields, design methods. Order Picking: technological solutions, design methods, management policies. Transportation Management. Transportation modes for the food industry (road, sea freight, rail, air freight, multimodal/intermodal). Temperature-controlled transport for food products.
Logistics Performance Measurement. Logistics costs measurement and analysis. Customer service KPIs. “Cost-Service” relationship.
Trends, challenges and food logistics innovation. Emerging issues and challenges in the food supply chain. Supply chain integration and information sharing. Models for improving transparency and visibility in the food supply chain. Risk and sustainability in food supply chains. The challenge of food loss and waste and the opportunities of Circular Economy in the food supply chain. Logistics 4.0 and omni-channel food logistics.
Module Learning and Teaching Methods and Rationale for Selection
Given the aims and the learning outcomes, this module will be delivered through a combination of:
Lectures, e. theoretical sessions to provide students with the subject knowledge. Sufficient time will be allocated for small group discussions of case study material and real companies’ experiences (LO1, LO2)
Tutorials, e. practical sessions during which students will have the opportunity to apply the acquired knowledge to solve case studies, industrial problems and interactive exercises (LO2, LO3, LO4)
Management games, e. business simulations to allow students to demonstrate and develop their understanding of some of the concepts and methods (LO2, LO3, LO4)
Seminars, e. masterclasses delivered by external guests (top managers from companies) to provide students with strong connections to the real-life applications of what has been learnt during the module (LO1, LO2, LO3)
Company visits, e. virtual in-class (with videos) and/or in-company visits to expose students to the real-life logistics systems and processes of companies operating in the food industry ( LO1, LO2 )
This kind of approach is suitable for the purposes of this module since it allows for the acquisition of theoretical knowledge and practical application of concepts. It also allows for a deep learning attitude by students (good assimilation of concepts), more inclusivity and it gives the possibility to arrange regularly and optimally formative assessment sessions. Students will be facilitated to achieve all Learning Outcomes and to reach a sufficient depth of learning that is required at a Masters Level.
The teaching material consists of: (i) set of slides supporting the theoretical lectures; (ii) practical exercises; (iii) supplementary exercises; (iv) selected references (selection of papers and chapters of relevant books, videos, etc.). All the material will be available before the related teaching session on https://beep.metid.polimi.it.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
The chosen assessment strategy is composed of a written individual closed book exam, including:

• Theoretical Questions, i.e. questions that ask for a recall of knowledge, such as questions beginning with “describe”, “discuss” and “explain”, and questions that seek application of knowledge, analytical thinking and problem solving in specific contexts/problems, i.e. “what if” type questions (LO1, LO2, LO3, LO4)
• Quantitative Exercises, i.e. practical numerical exercises where students are required to apply the tools and models learnt during the module (LO2, LO3).

Accorsi, R. and Manzini, R., Sustainable Food Supply Chains, Editore: Academic Press
Ballou, R.H., Business Logistics/Supply Chain Management, Editore: Pearson
Chopra, S. and Meindl, P., Supply Chain Management Strategy, Planning and Operation, Editore: Pearson
Christopher, M., Logistics and supply chain management, Editore: FT Prentice Hall
Dani, S., Food Supply Chain Management and Logistics, Editore: Kogan Page
Grant, D., Logistics Management, Editore: Pearson
Simchi-Levi, D., Kaminsky, P. and Simchi-Levi, E., Designing and Managing the Supply Chain: Concepts, Strategies and Case Studies, Editore: McGraw-Hill

The objective of the course is to apply principles, methodologies and tools to design, analyse and improve the purchasing and supply management in the food supply chain processes.
The course fits into the overall program curriculum pursuing some of the defined general learning goals. In particular, the course contributes to the development of the following capabilities:
Understand and describe the main purchasing management principles and methods in the food chain business environment
Design solutions applying a scientific and engineering approach (Analysis, Learning, Reasoning, and Modelling capability deriving from a solid and rigorous multidisciplinary background) to solve problems and identify opportunities in the food & beverage business and industrial environment
Develop new ideas and solutions based on purchasing and supply management principles to the food & beverage business and industrial environment

The student successfully taking this course is expected to:
Understand and describe:
the main purchasing and supply strategies for food companies to manage their purchasing portfolio
the main tools for evaluating supply markets in food industry
the main methods and tools for developing a spend analysis and evaluate purchasing performance
Apply principles and methods for:
Setting a purchasing and supply strategy according to the company’s portfolio
Developing the spend analysis and evaluating purchasing performance, for decision making in the short and long term in food industry.
Design and develop solutions for managing purchasing and supply principles of food companies considering the main organizational business goals.

PRINCIPLES OF PURCHASING MANAGEMENT IN THE FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN

• Procurement relevance and SC strategies
• Make or buy decisions
• Purchasing strategy
• Supply market analysis
• Spending analysis
• Purchasing performance measurement
  The course leverages the following teaching methodologies:
  Theoretical lectures, i.e. “traditional” lectures to provide the students with knowledge on purchasing management in the food industry
  Practical lectures, i.e. "Participative" lectures based on structured exercises, case studies and serious games for students to apply what they learnt during the theoretical lectures
  Seminars. i.e. lectures given by external guests (top managers in the agri-food industry) for students to develop strong connections with the real business environment applications of what has been learnt during theoretical and practical lectures
  Virtual/real visits, whenever feasible, i.e. in-class (with videos) and or in-company visits to show the students the purchasing and supply management systems and processes of agri-food companies

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, senza presentazione/discussione finale
The final grade is given based on a group work assignment (50%) and a final individual written exam (50%).
The written exam is made of closed and open questions to assess the knowledge of the course theory and exercises presenting the quantitative analysis of a present situation in a company.
The group work assignment will address either i) a case study in a real company scenario for designing and developing solutions for managing purchasing and operations in agri-food companies ii) a state-of-the-art literature review in one topic of choice among the concepts and tools of the course.
The teaching material consists of: (i) set of slides supporting the in-class lectures; (ii) practical lessons/exercises; (iii) selected references (selection of papers and chapters of relevant books, videos, etc.). All the material will be available before the related lesson on the WeBeep platform of the course.

Caniato, F.; Luzzini, D.; Moretto, A.; Patrucco, A.; Ronchi, S., Procurement Management. Strategy, Organization and Tools., Editore: Mondadori Università, Anno edizione: 2026
Cousins, P., Lamming, R., Lawson, B., & Squire, B., Strategic supply management: principles, theories and practice., Editore: Pearson Education, Anno edizione: 2008
Handfield, R. B., Monczka, R. M., Giunipero, L. C., & Patterson, J. L., Sourcing and supply chain management, Editore: South-Western Cengage Learning, Anno edizione: 2011
Johnsen, T. E., Howard, M., & Miemczyk, J., Purchasing and supply chain management: A sustainability perspective, Editore: Routledge., Anno edizione: 2014

Principles of food manufacturing addresses the study of chemical and physical processes involved in the transformation of raw materials of animal and vegetal origin into the final food that we like to eat. Substantially this course will address the physical chemistry that is beyond what it is commonly called the recipe. The recipe involves the transfer of some properties of matter, like the mass, the energy or the momentum, from one point to another in the space. Often during that transfer the matter undergoes also to chemical transformations. In a modern view all these transformations and transports can be studied through a unified approach.
To rely on a unified and comprehensive approach is relevant because it is very difficult to find real problems and systems where only one property is transferred without involving the others.
Food manufacturing is a sequence of operations that obey to physical chemistry rules. All the fundamental conservation laws will be exploited to answer to common questions like:
↘Physical properties of food: which are the relevant ones? Density, viscosity, thermal conductivity, diffusivity, ….
↘Energy transfer: how heat is transferred from a pan or an oven to the food? Which are the most convenient way to exchange heat in food processing?
↘Mass transfer: how moisture evaporates when cooking bread or seasoning a salami? How a membrane can operate? How many seconds are necessary to homogeneously dissolve a lump of sugar?
↘Momentum transfer: liquid raw and semi processed materials have peculiar rheological behaviors: how we can handle them?
↘Chemical reactions: which are the chemical reactions occurring during most relevant food manufacturing processes? How to control their rate? How we can avoid unwanted side ones?
Approach:
1.General definition of the conservation (mass, energy, momentum) equations at macroscale and microscale. These equations are of general applicability to any engineering problem (unified transport phenomena approach)
2.Definition of the chemical and physical properties of raw food materials and processed food. How the evolution of the chemical and physical properties during food processing influences the final properties (taste, aroma and aspect) of food
3.Application of these equations to typical food processes:
a)Initially a simple solution at macroscale level is developed (use of transport coefficients)
b)Secondly, a more complex solutions involving the use of conservation at microscale level, using solutions obtained by the order of magnitude approach
c)Finally, the solution involving numerical integrations will be presented
Teaching is delivered via a mix of lectures, in-class discussions and some lab experiments, exercises, and seminars by experts from the industry, 1-2 company visits. Students will be an active part of teaching: it will be required to prepare some reports on course topics and projects (group activity) to be presented to the other students. Learning by doing: the teaching will follow a practical & engineering approach focused on the simplest way to derive useful correlations describing all the phenomena involved in the food manufacturing instead to insist on rigorous demonstration of the correlation itself

at the end of the course the students should have all the instrument to understand the chemical and physical phenomena encontered in a food manufacture process.
it is required to be able to analyze phenomena at different lenght and time scales: from simplified solution to a numerical approach

1. introduction obout megatrends and food processing demand drivers
2. the engineering properties of food
3. macroscopic and molecular visions
4. chemical reactions in food processing. concept of chemical reaction rate, reaction mechanisms, estimation of reaction rate constants from experimental data
5. phenomenological correlations. laminar and turbulent fluid dynamics regimes.convective and diffusive fluxes for mass, energy and momentum
6. conservation equations at macro- and micro-scales for mass, energy and momentum
7. dimensionless numbers
8. simple flows for Newtonian and not-newtonian fluids.
9. boundary layer concept and derivation of engineering correlations
10. energy transfer in forced and natural convection
11. mass transfer at interphases
12 flow around objects
some examples: boiling of an egg; curing fish and ham; extrusion, dryning and cooking of pasta; baking bread and bisquits; different ways to cook meat; production and pouring of sparkling drinks

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
The final exam will be divided in two parts:
1. A written part involving the solution of exercises and questions on theory. This part will produce an individual evaluation of the student with a mark expressed in /30
2. The participation to a group project addressing a quantitative design of a process involved in food manufacturing, followed by a presentation. The group will receive a group mark expressed in /30 and will decide the mark of each student of the group
The final individual mark will be the average of the two previous marks.

slides of lessons beep
R.B. Bird, W.E. Stewart, E.N. Lightfoot, Transport Phenomena, Editore: John Wiley & Sons, New York NY, Anno edizione: 2007, ISBN: 978-0-470-11539-8
R.P Singh, D.R. Heldman, Introduction to food engineering, Editore: Academic Press New York NY, Anno edizione: 2009, ISBN: 978-0-12-370900-4
Z. Berk, Food process engineering and technology, Editore: Academic Press New York NY, Anno edizione: 2009, ISBN: 978-0-12-373660-4
N. Myhrvold, C. Young, M. Bilet, Modernist Cousine, Editore: The cooking lab Bellevue WA, Anno edizione: 2011, ISBN: 978-0-9827610-0-7 www.modernistcousine.com

We live in an era in which data are pervasive, and data mining tools — Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence — offer unprecedented opportunities for extracting value from them. In this scenario, quality remains a key driver of competitiveness and value creation for products and services.
The course presents a set of quantitative tools and methods for managing, modeling, and monitoring quality data in industrial and business scenarios. After successfully completing the course, students should be able to:

• Understand and master all the main concepts of quality data modelling, monitoring and improvement.
• Extract relevant information from complex, high-dimensional data.
• Identify models to predict quality data and performance indicators. Design and manage appropriate data-driven tools for industrial and business scenarios.

The course fits into the overall program curriculum, pursuing some of the defined general learning goals. In particular, it contributes to the development of the following capabilities:
Understanding the context, functions, and processes of a business/industrial environment, and the impact of these factors on business performance.
Designing solutions through a scientific and engineering approach (analysis, learning, reasoning, and modeling grounded in a solid, rigorous multidisciplinary background) to address problems and opportunities in business and industrial settings.
Developing new ideas and solutions for business and industrial scenarios evolving over time.
Lectures will provide the basic tools to understand functions and processes, using appropriate quantitative tools for data analysis.
Recitations in computer labs will show how the learned tools can be effectively used to design new solutions using a scientific approach to face the problems at hand (applying knowledge and understanding).
The lab project will foster an additional insight to develop new ideas and solutions in business and industrial scenarios (making judgements and learning skills).

The role of quality data in the current geopolitical scenario
High value-added products and services: industrial competition
Introduction to Big Data
Why quality is still important and related to product value
Quality data modeling and monitoring for "big" data streams — the four"V" of Big Data
Big Data: modeling patterns via linear models
Data Velocity: modeling patterns in autocorrelated data
Data Volume: modeling and monitoring multivariate data
Data Reduction: Principal Component Analysis and feature extractions
Data Variety: from product to process quality monitoring: on-line sensors, image and video-image data
Quality monitoring - Toward zero-defect manufacturing
Basic tools for anomaly detection and detection of out of control states.
Control charts for summary statistics – mean and variance
Control charts for residuals – pros and cons
Control charts for high-value added products – Exponentially weighted and Cusum Control charts.
AI for Quality: Neural Networks and Generative AI
Neural Networks (NN) and Deep Neural Networks (DNN) for image and signal data:anomaly detection with AI (one-class classifiers)
Generative AI: GAN and Diffusion models for anomaly detection and synthetic data generation/augmentation of rare defect classes
New frontiers: LLM for quality data analysis (hints)

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Prova orale facoltativa (a scelta dello studente) o condizionata (a scelta del docente)
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i facoltativo (a scelta dello studente), di gruppo, senza revisioni periodiche, senza presentazione/discussione finale
Written Exam
The written exam is aimed at verifying if the students have successfully acquired knowledge of the basic tools to understand functions and processes. One of the test in the written exam is aimed at testing if students are able to use the newly acquired knowledge to design solutions for qualitative data analysis, using the data and information at hand.
The final mark in the written exam can range from "fail" to "30L".
Project work
An optional (highly suggested) project work is possible. In this case the students will be facing a real industrial problems using complex data sets to be analysed and monitored. The project work allows students to enhance their skills to develop new ideas and solutions in real industrial scenarios.
Oral exam
The professor may require an oral examination to further assess the student’s overall understanding of the course topics. The oral exam is also optional for the student and can be undertaken only if the written exam grade is sufficient (mark higher than 18). A maximum increase of 3/30 in the final grade can be achieved through the oral exam.

D.C. Montgomery, Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, Editore: Wiley
L. C. Alwan, Statistical Process Analysis, Editore: Irwin Mc Graw Hill
E. del Castillo, Statistical Process Adjustment for Quality Control, Editore: Wiley

The knowledge of the fundamental concepts of food chemistry is of primary importance in the modern food industry and technology. For this reason, the “Technologies for food chemistry” course aims at providing the basic information on the composition of food, the chemical and physical properties of its main constituents, their nutritional value, together with a general overview of the main chemical reactions they undergo during processing, storage, and handling. Brief mentions of the main techniques used for food characterization and analysis will also be provided. At the beginning of the course, some key concepts of general and organic chemistry will be revised, in order to fill possible gaps in students’ chemical background.
The course will cover the following main topics:
Key concepts of general and organic chemistry
Main constituents of food: classification, chemical structure and nutritional value
Chemistry of food processing and storage
Food additives
The course is organized in lectures (to introduce theoretical concepts), exercise sessions (to discuss specific examples and practical applications) and laboratory activities (to provide practical experience of significant chemical reactions involved in food processing and analysis).

At the end of the course, students are expected to be able to:
identify the different functional groups in organic compounds, their name, chemical structure and reactivity
distinguish the main constituents of food, in terms of chemical structure, properties and nutritional values
apply their general chemical knowledge to the key chemical reactions involved in food processing and storage
identify and describe the main classes of additives used in the food industry and their function

Key concepts of general and organic chemistry
1.1 Brief summary of the fundamental concepts of general chemistry
1.2 Introduction to organic chemistry: C hybridization, structure and conformations of organic compounds
1.3 Functional groups and classes of organic compounds: chemical structure, nomenclature and properties
1.4 Main classes of organic reactions and their mechanisms
Main constituents of food: classification, chemical structure and nutritional value
2.1 Water
2.2 Lipids
2.3 Aminoacids and proteins
2.4 Carbohydrates
2.5 Minerals and vitamins
The chemistry of food processing and storage
3.1 Main chemical reactions due to cooking and other treatments
3.2 Quality-degrading processes
3.3 Brief overview of the main techniques used for food characterization and analysis
Food additives
4.1 General classification of food additives (Codex Alimentarius) and their functions
4.2 Colouring agents
4.3 Flavors and flavor enhancers
4.5 Food contaminants

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Altro
The final evaluation will be based on a 2 h written test composed of 7 questions (either practical exercises or open questions). Attendance to the laboratory sessions with the handing in of a written report will constitute part of the final mark. The overall score will be the combination of the two parts.

WeBeep https://webeep.polimi.it/login/index.php
Note: slides of the lectures, exercises, instructions for the laboratory sessions, tables and data.
Zeece, Introduction to the chemistry of food, Editore: Elsevier Academic Press, ISBN: 978-0-12-809434-1
deMan, Finley, Hurst, Lee, Principles of food chemistry, Editore: Springer, Anno edizione: 2018, ISBN: 978-3-319-63605-4
Provost, Colabroy, Kelly, Wallert, The Science of Cooking: Understanding the Biology and Chemistry Behind Food and Cooking, Editore: Wiley, ISBN: 978-1-119-21033-7
Cappelli, Vannucci, Principi di chimica degli alimenti, Editore: Zanichelli, ISBN: 978-88-08-62123-8
Note: in italian
Cabras, Martelli, Chimica degli alimenti, Editore: Piccin, ISBN: 88-299-1696-X
Note: in italian

The aim of this first part of the course is to introduce students to the processes of the food industry through the illustration of the process unit operations that are involved in all phases of the food supply chain, which are based on the main principles of the process engineering, such as heat and mass transfer.
Compared to previous years, the course program will include more exercises and more numerical examples during the theoretical lessons in view of the final exam.

Lectures and exercises will allow students to:

• know the specific properties of food that are fundamental for its processing
• know and discuss the main processes and technologies of the food industry
• know and discuss the typical unit operations of food processing
• know and discuss some specific food production processes, with particular focus on the unit operations involved
• analyse food processing units from a quantitative point of view
• design and calculate the main features of food processing units

Basic principles of chemical engineering: recall of the basic principles of thermodynamics, heat and mass balances needed for the understanding of the main unit operations of the food industry
Food properties: physical properties and basic concepts of organic chemistry for the food industry
Unit operations of the food industry: study of the unit operations that are characteristics of the food industry, with specific references to some food productions:
Size reduction, mixing
Filtration, membrane separation, sedimentation, centrifugation
Evaporation
Seminars on specific topics: seminars given by experts from the industry regarding specific topics (e.g., filtration, dehydration) with specific reference to food processing
Other: if possible, we will organize 1/2 visits to plants operating in the food sector

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
The evaluation mode will include a written exam for the verification of the calculation capablities related to the design of food processing units acquired during the course. The exam will also include theoretical questions in order to verify the understanding of the main contents exposed.

The course aims at offering a set of tools that can be used along innovation projects to analyse the context, understand criticalities, develop solutions and assess them, with particular reference to the agri-food industry and supply chain.

After the course the students will be able to:
Approach a business process improvement project in a structured way
Map a business process using BPMN language
Evaluate the performance of an existing business process
Analyse business process data using clustering and classification algorithms
Prioritize the solutions for improvement
Develop effective presentations

Process Mapping and BPMN notation (application to Signavio)
Designing a (Non Financial) Performance Management Systems (PMSs) and measuring sustaibale KPIs for food industry
Approaching a business process innovation project using A3
BDA for decision making
Clustering classification analysis using Phyton
Solution selection and prioritization: multi-criteria decision making; AHP; voting systems
Designing effective presentations
Moreover, it will be possible for students to attend an extra laboratory part on Six Sigma induction with the following topics: Introduction to Six Sigma, Measuring process capability through the Six Sigma and DMAIC process improvement projects. The attendance of the extra laboratory is optional. Students who will pass the exam at the end of the extra laboratory will receive an electronic badge to prove the competences acquired.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i facoltativo (a scelta dello studente), di gruppo, senza revisioni periodiche, senza presentazione/discussione finale
Final written exam (numerical exercises, discussion of case studies, multiple choice questions)
Bonus assigned based on a group project (voluntary)

The course provides students with the fundamental scientific and engineering principles of food microbiology, with specific reference to the behaviour of pathogenic, spoilage and technologically relevant microorganisms in food products and food production environments.
The course aims to provide the knowledge and analytical tools required to evaluate microbiological phenomena throughout the food production chain and to support the design and management of processes ensuring food safety, microbiological quality and shelf life. Particular attention is devoted to microbial control strategies, industrial hygiene, predictive microbiology and food safety management systems within the Codex Alimentarius and European Union regulatory frameworks.

At the end of this course, the student will be able to:
Describe and explain the main groups of food-related microorganisms and the mechanisms governing their growth, survival, adaptation, spoilage activity, pathogenicity and technological use in food products and production environments ( Dublin Descriptor 1 – Knowledge and understanding ).
Analyse microbiological hazards and microbial behaviour in food systems, considering product characteristics, process conditions and environmental factors, and select appropriate preservation, sanitation and control strategies ( Dublin Descriptor 2 – Applying knowledge and understanding ).
Evaluate food-safety problems and justify technically sound decisions by integrating microbiological evidence, predictive tools, process constraints and the principles of HACCP and European food legislation, communicating the resulting assessment using appropriate scientific and technical terminology ( Dublin Descriptors 3 and 4 – Making judgements and communication skills ).

The course covers the following topics:
Fundamentals of food microbiology
Microbial taxonomy and the main structural and functional characteristics of bacteria, yeasts, moulds and viruses relevant to food.
Microbial growth, survival, death, sporulation, germination, attachment, biofilm formation and stress adaptation.
Microorganisms in food products and production environments
Sources of microbial contamination in raw materials, processing environments, and food production chains.
Normal microbiological quality of foods.
Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting microbial behaviour.
Spoilage, pathogenic microorganisms and beneficial applications
Mechanisms and examples of microbial food spoilage.
Foodborne infections, intoxications and toxicoinfections.
Technologically relevant microorganisms and their applications in fermented food production, including dairy and brewing processes.
Microbial control and hygiene
Principles of microbial inactivation and control.
Hygiene in food production plants.
Thermal and non-thermal treatments, refrigeration and freezing, high pressure processing, irradiation, modified atmospheres and hurdle technology.
Predictive microbiology and food safety management
Predictive modelling of microbial growth and its application to shelf life determination and date marking.
Codex Alimentarius and food-safety management systems.
HACCP principles and development of an HACCP plan.
European Union food legislation and microbiological criteria, including the roles of EFSA and RASFF.
The course will also provide guided exercises and project activities, industrial case studies and seminars delivered by experts from the food industry.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i facoltativo (a scelta dello studente), di gruppo, senza revisioni periodiche, senza presentazione/discussione finale
Student learning is assessed through an individual written examination lasting approximately 75 minutes and consisting of two parts.
Part I – Multiple-choice questions The first part consists of 20 multiple-choice questions covering the main theoretical and applied topics of the course. One point is awarded for each correct answer, while no penalty is applied to incorrect or unanswered questions. A minimum of 12 correct answers is required for admission to the evaluation of Part II.
Part II – Open questions and short exercises The second part consists of 4–5 open questions and/or short exercises, with a total value of 12 points. The questions assess the student’s ability to explain microbiological phenomena, analyse food safety and processing problems, interpret relevant data, and select or justify appropriate microbial control strategies.
The final written-examination mark is based on the combined results of the two parts. A minimum overall mark of 18/30 is required to pass the examination.
Students may obtain up to 4 additional points by completing the optional exercises and project activities proposed during the semester. These additional points are considered only when the written examination mark is at least 18/30.
The assessment considers:
accuracy and completeness of scientific knowledge;
ability to apply microbiological principles to food products and processes;
correctness of calculations and technical reasoning;
ability to identify and justify appropriate control and food-safety measures;
clarity, precision and appropriate use of scientific and technical terminology.

Bibek Ray, Arun Bhunia, Fundamental Food Microbiology, Editore: CRC Press, Anno edizione: 2014, ISBN: 9781466564442
Note: 5th edition or later
Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley and David A. Stahl, Brock Biology of Microorganisms, Editore: Pearson, ISBN: 9781292235103
Thomas J. Montville, Karl R. Matthews, Kalmia E. Kniel, Food Microbiology: An Introduction, Editore: ASM Press, ISBN: 9781555816360

The course is aimed at providing general and detailed information for the design and operations of the main unit operations and related ancillary units and the knowledge of the process environment where they are integrated and interconnected, their limitations for the operational domain, and their nominal operating conditions with the achievement of a contextualization of the targets and operations of the single unit within the overall food process.
The course is also aimed at deepening the comprehension abilities and capabilities of the students as well as their own decision making and making judgement skills in the selection of competing solutions to achieve the best process performances. Moreover, the enrichment of technical language, EPC and field procedures and technicalities and technical team interaction and leadership is another relevant target.
At last, the course provide a full immersive experience in a chemical plant avatar to practically implement the new skills and competences in the recognition of unit operation, the identification of process upset and the appropriate management of operational procedures.

Improvement of the general knowledge for food plant operations.
Improvement of decision making in the selection of unit operations, methods and techniques to achieve process targets.
Advanced skills for design and operational purposes of the main unit operations and related ancillary units. Contextualization of the targets and operations of the single unit within the overall food process.
Advanced skills for technical communication and reporting.
Deep knowledge of the typical and incoming HW/SW architecture of real plants, data reliability and model fitting of real units.
Advanced knowledge of plantwide process control and its feedback on the design of unit operations.
EPC competences and chemical plant basic experience for field and remote process operations understanding and management.

Introduction
Basic information (scientific and industrial areas and communities in food plants; associations, working groups)
Food Plant Operations Management

• Data analytics (data analysis, relevance of observations, interpretation, data reconciliation)
• Outliers and gross errors (identification, correction)
• Data acquisition, storage and transfer (DCS, IT, data security)
• Concepts of Machine Learning
• Concepts, uses and development of digital twins
• Decision-making pyramid and fundamentals of supply chain management
• Industrial examples
• Tutorials in Process Operations Management using commercial suites (Dynsim Simulation Suite, Schneider-Electric). Constitution of working groups.
• Use of Full Immersive Avatar (Virtual Reality infrastructure - EYEducation by POLIMI-AVEVA)

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
The exam is written only.
The exam consists of exercises:
(1) development of a digital twin (12/30)
(2) assessment of general skills and competences (6/30)
(3) definition of appropriate operation management strategy for unit/process (12/30)
Exams take place in dedicated facilities communicated at convenient time at the fixed dates only.
Exam is in English only.

The course aims at discussing the state-of-the-art and at providing the fundamental tools for the design, analysis and operation of energy conversion processes from non-renewable and renewable energy sources for the producion of electricity, heat and cooling power for the food industry.

Students are expected to acquire knowledge and understanding on:
Principles and technologies for the conversion of non-renewable and renewable energy sources into electricity and heat.
Principles and technologies for the production of refrigeration power.
Operating principles and technologies of the main equipment used in energy conversion systems, such as boilers, heat exchangers, machines, PV panels, batteries.
The main tools to analyze and design energy conversion systems, namely: mass and energy balances and economic analysis.
Through autonomous study, class discussions, exercise sessions and computer lab, students are expected to develop the capability of applying the above described knowledge to:
Develop models of the main equipment units and conversion processes of energy systems
Perform energy, environmental and economic analysis of energy conversion systems for the production of electricity, heat and refrigeration power (i.e., writing and solving mass and energy balance equations, evaluate the key performance indexes, evaluate possible design and operational issues)
Make judgements on the techno-economic feasibility and performance of low-emission energy systems for food industry.

Combustion and environmental impact of combustion processe. basic properties of fuels and combustion processes; mass and energy balances; emission of pollutants from combustion processes; combustors and boilers; thermal efficiency of combustion processes.
Economic analysis: cost of electricity/energy production; impact of main parameters (plant scale, efficiency, fuel cost, carbon tax, capacity factor) on the cost of electricity; fundamentals of electricity markets and electricity price formation.
Production of electricity and heat from non-renewable and renewable energy sources. Principles of thermodynamic energy conversion processes. State-of-the-art of Rankine cycles, gas turbines, combined cycles, internal combustion engines, solar energy (PV and heat), wind power, bioenergy, geothermal energy, hydro. Cogeneration and trigeneration.
Decarbonization of heat supply: heat pumps, electric heating, low-carbon hydrogen, solar heating, biomass and biofuels, thermal energy storage.
Reversed cycles. Applications and technologies of vapor compression cycles for the production of refrigeration power and heat. Fundamentals of absorption refrigeration systems.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Prova orale facoltativa (a scelta dello studente) o condizionata (a scelta del docente)
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i facoltativo (a scelta dello studente), di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
Written test on numerical problems – mandatory
This test aims at evaluating students’ ability of applying the acquired knowledge and understanding to simple problems, the ability to independently form judgements and the ability to use the acquired knowledge for further professional development.
The test consists of two numerical problems related to two different case studies. Consulting books or lecture notes is not allowed. The topics covered in the exam span the whole course program.
The grade will span the range from 0/30 to 30/30.
Written test on theory – mandatory
This test aims at evaluating students’ acquired knowledge and understanding, the ability to communicate learned contents, the ability to use the acquired knowledge for further professional development.
Consulting books or lecture notes is not allowed. The topics covered in the exam span the whole course program (including tutorials).
The grade will span the range from 0/30 to 30/30.
Final Grading
To pass the exam, students must successfully complete the two written tests with a minimum average grade of 16/30.
The final grade is determined as the average of the grades obtained in the two parts, capped to a maximum of 29/30. To obtain a final grade of 30/30 or 30 cum laude, an additional oral test is required. If the final grade in the problem test is lower than 8/30, the student is not admitted to the subsequent exam session.
Optional oral test
If the average grade is above 16 and below 18, it is possible to ask for an oral test to reach sufficiency. In any case, all students with sufficient score can ask for an optional additional oral test, provided that the maximum possible score increase is 3 points while the score decrease is unbounded.
Optional group works
Optional group works are assigned along the course. Participating in the group works activities will allow to obtain a bonus of up to +3 points on the final grade.

The objective of the course is to provide students with technical and managerial tools to plan, design and develop an applied project in a real food company scenario. In particular, the course introduces the technical and managerial theoretically and practical and will be practically applied in the different phases of the project and identify how those could contribute to SDG 9 and SDG12*, being the most relevant ones for food industry. Moreover, students will develop analytical, practical and team working skills while carrying out the project and by interacting with company’s technical experts and managers.
The course fits into the overall program curriculum contributing to the development of the following capabilities:
Understand and describe the main technical and managerial tools to carry out projects with structured analysis and develop solutions to real food company needs
Design solutions applying a scientific and engineering approach (Analysis, Learning, Reasoning, and Modelling capability deriving from a solid and rigorous multidisciplinary background) to solve problems and identify opportunities in the food industrial environment
Develop new ideas and solutions when working in a team for carrying out specific projects in the food industrial environment with especial attention to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9 and 12.
*SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
SDG12: Responsible consumption and production

The student successfully taking this course is expected to:
Understand and describe
the key technical and managerial tools to carry out projects in food companies
the key strategies to manage global value chains in food industry
they key elements for SME's growth and internationalization
the main innovation-oriented strategies and business models in food companies
the main IP strategies for innovation
Apply concepts and tools for
Carrying out projects in real food company scenarios
Planning, designing and developing analytical solutions to food company’s needs
Describing global value chains in food industry
Analysing innovations in the food industry
Defining IP instruments
Develop the ability to interact in a professional, responsible and constructive environment, and to collaborate in a multi-disciplinary environment to solve present and future challenges in food industry with especial attention to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9 and 12.

Topics covered
Introduction to Project Management
Global food value chains and the role of legislation (The Codex Alimentarius) in harmonization
Innovative business models in food industry
IP strategies for innovation
IP analysis and instruments
During the course, the following teaching methodologies are applied:
Traditional lectures to provide students with the knowledge of concepts, methods and managerial tools for a project development in a food industry context.
Tutoring sessions: application of methods and tools on real company projects with faculty support. A project work with companies is an integral part of the course. Continuous intermediate tutorship sessions will be organized during the development of the project.
The teaching material (set of slides supporting the in-class lectures) will be available on the WeBeep platform of the course.

Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
Altro
The final grade is composed of the company project development for which students will work in groups and will submit: an intermediate report, intermediate progress presentations, a final report and a group final presentation.
The teaching material consists of: (i) set of slides supporting the in-class lectures; (ii) tutoring sessions. All the material will be available on the WeBeep platform of the course

Processi di Lavorazione Additivi
La produzione mediante processi tradizionali di lotti poco numerosi o al limite unitari di prodotti con geometrie ad alta complessità è sempre stata considerata come economicamente svantaggiosa. La situazione sta ora modificandosi grazie all'introduzione dei processi basati su tecnologie additive (Additive Manufacturing - AM), spesso comunemente note come tecnologie di stampa 3D. Dopo essere stati utilizzati per più di vent'anni nell'ambito dei processi di sviluppo prodotto come tecnologie per la fabbricazione rapida di prototipi, utensili e attrezzature, le tecnologie additive sono sempre più utilizzate per la produzione di singoli prodotti o prodotti personalizzati in molti settori industriali. Il corso fornirà un'introduzione alle tecnologie di produzione additiva, discutendone le loro applicazioni e le implicazioni tecniche e gestionali in riferimento a tutti i possibili utilizzi di tale innovativa tecnologia di produzione.

The course provides an analysis on the fundamental principles, on the design and on selected examples of separation processes based on the use of membranes and solid adsorbents.
At the end of the course, the students are expected to be with the main thermodynamic and kinetic aspects involved in both types of separators and to design the related process based on considerations including composition of the mixture to be separated and type of separator.
In particular, the key aspects allowing the identification of the main physico-chemical and process parameters to be tuned in order to achieve required separation performance and design the corresponding units in optimal way will be discussed.
The course combines frontal lectures, providing the fundamental knowledge on the adsorption- and membrane- separations, and numerical exercises, where this knowledge is applied in the design of a selected separation process.

To be able to:

• write down the basic equations required to simulate membrane- and adsorption-based separation units;
• identify the best operating conditions for the specific process under examination;
• identify all required physico-chemical parameters behind the optimal design of such separation processes.

• Fundamental concepts (basic separation techniques and their classification, selection of feasible separations, short account of thermodynamics and mass transfer)
• Adsorption Separations: adsorbent materials, characterization techniques, adsorption equilibria (pure components and mixtures, gas and liquid adsorption), kinetics and transports (sorption modes, eluted peaks and separation efficiency, correlations for transport coefficients), scale-up considerations and process alternatives, frontal and pulse chromatography, equipment (multiple fixed bed, continuous moving bed, rotating annular chromatography), slurry/fixed bed adsorption systems, continuous adsorption systems (True Moving Bed, Simulated Moving Bed).
• Membrane Separations: membrane materials, modules, transport through porous membranes (liquid and gas), dialysis, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, gas permeation, pervaporation.

Prova orale obbligatoria
Oral exam lasting approximately 30 min with questions and answers, where the students should demonstrate to master the concepts and contents covered during the lectures as well as the numerical excercises.

E.J. Henley, J.D. Seader, D.K. Roper, Separation process principles, 3rd Ed., Editore: Wiley, Anno edizione: 2011
R.W. Rousseau, Handbook of separation process technology, Editore: Wiley, Anno edizione: 1987

Big data and IOT are crucial concepts in the Industry 4.0 framework and the rapid evolution of measurement instrumentation is changing how measurements are performed. The recent developments in the field of sensors enable the description of physical phenomena at an incredibly low cost. As a matter of fact, the developments of novel sensors, data acquisition techniques, and data analysis procedures imply the necessity of deep metrological knowledge for an automation engineer.
The teaching aims at helping the students in the selection of the proper transducers for mechanical and thermal control applications, by describing the main categories of mechanical and thermal instrumentation from both a theoretical and a practical point of view. In addition to a description of the sensors that nowadays can be used for different applications, the teaching will focus on identifying the generic properties of instruments that can be used to select and compare the optimal instrumentation and to design smart sensing infrastructures. In this way, the student will be prepared to face the rapid evolution that characterizes the world of metrology in the industry 4.0 era.

At the end of the teaching, the student is expected to reach the following learning outcomes
Knowledge and comprehension (Dublin Descriptor 1, DD1)
Traceability and calibration
measurement uncertainty
Metrology
Ability in the application of knowledge (DD2)
prepare a setup for the acquisition of data coming from the most common measurement instruments
compute the measurement uncertainty in accordance with the ISO GUM
to design fit-to-purpose measurement chains for specific mechanical and thermal applications
Authonomy in judgement (DD3)
select the best trasducer for the majority of mechanical and thermal measurements.
compare two similar transducers by analyzing their datasheet and their metrological characteristics
identify the correct calibration procedure for the majority of mechanical and thermal sensors
Communication skills (DD4)
Students that decide to present the project instead of the written exam will learn how to work in team and how to present the results of a project
All the competences listed above will be developed relying on the theoretical lectures and on the laboratory experiences, that are crucial for a deep understanding of the most common problems that have to be faced during the automation engineer working life.

Generalized performances of measurement instruments
Uncertainty; Static and dynamic performances of measurement instruments; generalized theory of measurement instruments; load effect.
Fourier Analysis; dynamic performances of measurement systems; time response of first- and second-order systems. Experimental identification of response of first- and second-order systems; edge computing and smart sensing infrastructures.
Strain measurements
Introduction to strain gauges; calibration, Wheatstone bridge measurement circuits; compensation of thermal effects and improvement of sensitivity.
Vision-based sensors
Non-contact optical transducers: Laser triangulation sensors; Time of Flight lasers and Cameras, Laser Doppler vibrometers and interferometers. Vision-based systems and machine vision. Cameras for 2D and 3D machine vision applications; most common algorithms for machine vision
Non-contact temperature measurements
Rapid recall to thermal resistances, thermistors, thermocouples. Infra-red sensors: theoretical principles. Pyrometers, dual-color pyrometer. IR cameras. Experimental identification of emissivity
Each topic is treated theoretically in a classroom lecture. Students can use the different measurement instruments and analyze the experimental data according to the procedures learned during the theoretical lectures in the following laboratory experience.
There will be a relevant collaboration with company leaders in the field of measurement for automation. One or more companies will provide assignments to students, that will use the knowledge developed during the course to propose a solution, that will be presented to the company during a pitch.

Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, senza revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
The exam is a Project-Based Assessment
1. Project Assignment

• Each student or group of students is assigned a project topic related to measurement systems and data analysis.
  2. Laboratory Component
• Students will perform supervised or unsupervised experiments in lab settings, using Polimi instrumentation, to to collect data relevant to their project topic. Students are required to record data and troubleshoot normal issues that arise during experiments.
  3. Independent Research and Analysis:
• In supervised classroom labs, students will prepare the groundwork of the project; students are expected to apply theoretical concepts learned in the course to interpret experimental results and draw meaningful conclusions from their analysis.
  4. Project Presentation
• Students will prepare a presentation of their work and a short report. Presentations should be based on slides, graphs, and charts.
  5. Evaluation Criteria:
  Criterion
  Points
  Description & Dublin Descriptors (DoD)
  Quality of Work
  20 pts
  Evaluation of the technical solution and the ability to apply acquired knowledge. Includes the intelligent and balanced use of AI tools in document preparation.
  DoD: Applying knowledge and understanding and Making judgements (critical selection of tools and solutions).
  Presentation Skills
  5 pts
  Assessment of delivery clarity, the quality of slides in transferring key concepts, and strict adherence to the 15-minute time limit.
  DoD: Communication skills.
  Response to Questions
  5 pts
  Evaluation of the student's ability to defend their work and apply their knowledge to specific inquiries.
  DoD: Applying knowledge and understanding and Learning skills.

The course aims to provide students with the capabilities to master advanced modeling for operations in order to face management problems in different systems of interest. It will lead to the virtualization of the studied systems into different types of simulation models through which the decision-makers can conduct experiments, thus learning about the complex systems and helping the design of more effective decision-making structures and operating policies.
The course fits into the overall program curriculum pursuing some of the defined general learning goals. In particular, the course contributes to the development of the following capabilities:
Understand context, functions, processes in a business and industrial environment and the impact of those factors on business performance
Design solutions applying a scientific and engineering approach (Analysis, Learning, Reasoning, and Modeling capability deriving from a solid and rigorous multidisciplinary background) to face problems and opportunities in a business and industrial environment
Interact in a professional, responsible, effective and constructive way in a working environment, also motivating group members

Understand the different concepts of simulation for analyzing operations problems and foster the introduction of innovation solutions and practices in complex systems and real-life business contexts [Understand]
Understand the use of simulation tools exploiting general programming languages or mathematical and simulation environments which allows improving analytical skill and mindset [Understand]
Apply criteria, models and tools to operations problems in order to provide the decision-making support considering different types of decisions (strategic, tactical and operational), various scopes (e.g. supply chain and single node of a logistics and production network), and multiple objectives (e.g. efficiency, sustainability, resilience) [Design]
Model and design innovative solutions in new fields (e.g. Industry and Logistics 4.0) [Design]
Improve team-working skills [Interact]

Simulation technique. Types and paradigm of simulation. Simulation objectives. Design and development of a simulation model. Generating probability distributions (Monte Carlo simulation). Design of experiment campaigns.
Event-oriented simulation. Modeling, analysis and design of complex systems (e.g. production systems) through event-oriented simulation paradigm.
Object-oriented simulation. Modeling, analysis and design of complex systems (e.g. supply chain and logistics systems) through object-oriented simulation paradigm.
Simulation-based intelligent support systems for decision-making. Use of simulation to develop decision support systems in smart processes (e.g. synchronized use of simulation with physical operations according to the Digital Twin approach).
Each topic is treated both theoretically and above all practically. In particular, the course intends to provide the skills to develop simulation models using the Python general programming language.
The course leverages the following teaching methodologies:
Theoretical lessons, to provide the students with both knowledge on the modelling of complex systems and criteria, methodologies, models, and tools to design and manage operations problems (ILOs 1, 2)
Practical lessons, to go through structured exercises to let the students apply what they learnt during the theoretical lessons (ILOs 2, 3 and 4)
Laboratory sessions, to go through assignments to let the students apply what they learnt during the theoretical lessons and work in small groups (ILOs 2, 3, 4 and 5)
Seminars, i.e. lectures given by external guests (managers and consultants to present the use of simulation to solve real-life business problems ) to provide the students with strong connections with the real applications of what has been learnt during the lessons (ILOs 1, 2, 4)

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, senza presentazione/discussione finale
The final exam consists of an assignment (70% of the final mark) and a written exam (30% of the final mark).
Group assignment.
The assignment is carried out in small groups. The assignment will be assigned through the semester. Students are required to apply the models and tools discussed in the course (ILOs 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) and summarise their output. The evaluation of the assignment is based on the developed summary.
Written exam.
The written exam is individual and made of theoretical questions: open and close questions where the students have to prove to be able to both describe and apply concepts learnt during the course to specific contexts/problems (ILOs 1, 3, and 4).
The teaching material consists of: (i) set of slides supporting the in-class lectures; (ii) practical lessons/exercises; (iii) selected references (selection of papers and chapters of relevant books, etc.). All the material will be available before the related lesson on https://beep.metid.polimi.it.

The course is dedicated to the main engineering aspects involved in the field of air quality remediation and maintenance, with specific emphasis on all the related implications arising from energy production and conversion processes. Lecture contents are organised as to first give a general perspective on air quality, through the illustration of all the fundamental processes and characteristics of the pollution phenomena at the different scales of interest, the nature and effects of the pollutants and the main principles behind regulatory issues. Atmospheric emission sources are then examined and analysed with respect to the main phenomena affecting the generation of pollutants, to process and design variables related effects and to the whole issues involving their quantitative evaluation: particular attention will be devoted to stationary and mobile energy production activities, addressed in terms of all the different aspects that play a role in their qualitative and quantitative emissions budget (type of fuel, engineering configuration, process design options). The rest of the course is dedicated to the engineering of emission control processes, with a detailed examination of the base principles forestanding source reduction alternatives and pollutant removal techniques and the engineering aspects involved in their practical design and operation and in the evaluation of their removal capabilities and full scale potential applications.

Lecture sessions are addressed to give students knowledge capabilities and theoretical understanding requirements for:

• addressing and applying basic regulatory principles involved in air pollution control operations (DD1 & DD2);
• analyze quantitatively and qualitative the air emissions assets of industrial and energy production processes and the main factors affecting pollutants production (DD2);
• identify the engineering and operating aspects of the unit operations available for particulate and gaseous pollutants reduction and removal (DD2 & DD3);
• evaluate technical design, operating parameters and specific layouts required for gaseous and particulate removal with proper emissions reduction efficiencies (DD3).
  Precepts sessions will give students engineering skill opportunities for enhancing their understanding of theoretical knowledge, through practical application and problem solving abilities, and for acquiring written description and explanation capabilities, addressed within the following areas:
• perform numerical calculations of pollutant emissions arising from typical source activities (stationary energy production units, industrial processes, vehicular traffic) (DD2 & DD3)
• perform design of equipment and calculation of operating parameters for gaseous and particulate pollutants removal systems (DD2 & DD3);
• prepare and discuss written reports of the design results obtained (DD4);
• expand engineering capabilities and cticial skills for dealing with new situations arising from typical industrial case studies (DD3).

AIR POLLUTION PHENOMENA

• definitions, metrics, and regulatory principles.
• general characteristics of the atmosphere: chemical, physical and transport properties.
• spatial scales of air pollution: global, regional and local.
• pollutants: nature and types.
• effects of air pollution.
  EMISSION SOURCES
• source types: stationary and mobile combustion, industrial activities.
• source characterization and emissions evaluation.
• emission control principles: source reduction alternatives and removal operations (applicable mechanisms, collection efficiencies).
  PARTICULATE POLLUTANTS EMISSION CONTROL
• basic characteristics of particulate pollution: primary and secondary particles, physical properties, size distributions, atmospheric behavior.
• particulate removal equipment: engineering design principles and operation for cyclones, electrostatic b precipitators, fabric filters, wet scrubbers.
  GASEOUS POLLUTANTS EMISSION CONTROL
• general classification and basic physical and chemical characteristics: greenhouse gases, acidic compounds, volatile organics, trace toxics.
• removal equipment: engineering design principles and operation for absorption, adsorption, condensation, chemical conversion and biological filtration units.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Prova orale obbligatoria
Course final evaluation is conducted through a preliminary written test, followed by an oral examination whose access is subject to a satisfactory accomplishment of the written test.
The written exam consists of numerical exercises and theoretical questions. The exercises focus on numerical design calculations, in which students are required to apply fundamental skills and knowledge in the areas of calculation and problem-solving related to the assessment and control of air emissions. The theoretical questions focus on the aspects of air pollution, with particular emphasis on the principles underlying these phenomena and on methods and techniques for controlling emissions.
The oral exam consists of a discussion of the design evaluations carried out during the practical exercises, the results of which must be reported in specific written reports. In these reports, students must adequately explain and illustrate the main operating principles of the removal equipment, the engineering assumptions adopted, as well as the expected changes should the design assumptions be modified. The reports may also be used to assess students’ communication skills and their ability to integrate knowledge to manage new and/or complex situations arising from changes in process flows and/or removal requirements.

Dispense a cura del docente disponibili sul portale BEEP
Note: Le dispense fornite coprono tutti gli argomenti trattati nell'ambito dell'insegnamento.
Gli altri testi di seguito elencati possono fornire ulteriori approfondimenti e possono costituire riferimenti utili per l'attività professionale.
C. D. Cooper, F.C. Alley, Air Pollution Control, Editore: Waveland. Press Inc., Anno edizione: 2011, ISBN: 1-57766-678-X
D.A. Vallero, Fundamentals of Air Pollution (IV Ed.), Editore: Elsevier, Anno edizione: 2008, ISBN: 978-0-12-373615-4
N.P. Cheremisinoff, Handbook of air pollution prevention and control, Editore: Butterworth-Heinemann, Anno edizione: 2002, ISBN: 012399635X
Theodore L., Air pollution control equipment calculations, Editore: Wiley-Interscience, Anno edizione: 2008, ISBN: 0470209674
De Nevers N., Air Pollution Control Engineering, Editore: Waveland Press Inc., Anno edizione: 2010, ISBN: 1577666747

The course aims to make students aware of the basic concepts of sustainable polymers.
The course aims to stimulate interest in and promote understanding of this highly relevant subject: the sustainability of polymers, which are so important for human life.
The course aims to provide students with fundamental knowledge of polymers, environmental waste, sustainable and green practices, circular economy principles, and the environmental impact of traditional and biopolymers, including bioplastics and bioelastomers.
The course aims to provide students with updated tools to address the issue of polymer sustainability.
Furthermore, the course aims to enable students to establish correlations between practical aspects and theoretical interpretations.
The course aims to enable students to become protagonists in this field by tackling critical issues and promoting innovation.
The course will put students in touch with the real world through guest lectures from senior scientists and managers from organisations and companies such as COREPLA, LyondellBasell, Novamont and Pirelli.
Nothing exists without materials.
These days, we might say: nothing should exist without sustainable materials.

Upon attending the course, the student:
will know the fundamental aspects of polymers sustainability, with knowledge of both theoretycal and practical aspects
will be able to apply such knowledge to practical problems
will be able to make proposals for a more sustainable preparation and use of polymers

Introduction to polymers. Hystorical development. The polymers in our life. Production, economic impact. Main types and applications: in a nutshell.
“Plastic” in the environment. Ocean gyres and garbage patches. “Plastic” in the ocean: story, classification. Origins and amount. Primary microplastic in the ocean. Mismanaged waste. Tyre debris.
Basic synthesis and reaction chemistry (organic chemistry). Few concepts useful for sustainable polymers.
The polymers. The polymeric nature of solids. Introduction to polymers. Origin. Nomenclature. Chemical composition. Structure. Dimension. Average molecular mass. Synthesis of polymers: stoichiometry, thermodynamics, kinetics. Catalysis for polymerization and types of polymerizations. Intermolecular and intramolecular bonds in polymers. Stereochemistry. Organization of polymers at the solid state: amorphous and crystalline polymers. Thermodynamic origin of melting point. Main types of polymers. Transitions of polymers and thermodynamics.
Green, sustainable, circular. Green chemistry. Sustainability. Sustainable chemistry. Sustainable polymers. The CO 2 Issue. Circular materials and circular economy. The life cycle of polymers. Circular polymers. Green washing.
Environmental aspects of polymers. Degradation of Polymers. Additives and Chemicals in Plastics and in Rubbers. Release of Additives and Monomers from Plastic. Wastes Recycling of polymers.
Biomass. Biomass for materials
Main traditional polymers. Main concepts Properties of polymers. Synthesis, production and applications. Recycling. Bio-version of the polymers. Types of polymers: polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinylchloride, polyethylene terephtalate, polyurethanes, polyamides.
Main natural polymers: cellulose, starch, chitin, chitosan, alginates, carageenans, proteins.
Biopolymers. Classification. Amount. Bioplastics. Synthesis, properties, composites, recycling.
Biobased and biodegradable polymers: starch based polymers (TPS), poly(lactic acid), poly(hydroxyalcanoates), poly(butylenesuccinate)
Fossil based and biodegradable polymers: poly(butylene adipate terephthalate), poly(caprolactone)
Materials from CO 2.
Elastomers. Elasticity: in a nutshell. How to design an elastomer. Bioelastomers.
Comparison between polymers and other materials.
Net zero gas emission plastics.
Sustainable rubbers.
Sustainable food Packaging.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Prova orale facoltativa (a scelta dello studente)
The written exam will consist of approximately 11 open-ended or multiple-choice questions. The questions will cover the topics discussed in the course, so as to address all the concepts.
The oral exam will be at the student’s discretion, to clarify aspects that were not covered entirely satisfactorily in the written exam.

J. M. G. Cowie, V. Arrighi, Polymers: Chemistry and Physics of Modern Materials - third edition, Editore: CRC Press - Taylor & Francis Group, Anno edizione: 2007, ISBN: 978-0849398131

The course aims at guiding the learner on the theme of Circular Economy through a deliberate alternation of practical cases and application examples to a more theoretical view of the phenomenon. The core of the course is the design and evaluation of business models, either of established companies willing to embrace the new paradigm or of start-ups and new ventures born on a Circular Economy idea.
Particular attention will be paid to the pervasiveness of the paradigm, with examples and good practices relating to several business sectors.

Students will learn: (i) the core meaning of Circular Economy in business environment, being able to properly recognize and distinguishing circular business models from "green", "esg" or "sustainable" business models; (ii) the tools and frameworks to design and evaluate a circular business model, in different industries; (iii) the tools and frameworks to analyse the context and the ecosystem around a circular business model, with particular reference to the role of regulations and of digital technologies in enabling circularity.
Morevoer, students will be engaged in lively debates with entrepreneurs and managers in the field of Circular Economy, thus allowing also a deeper understanding of the enablers and barriers to the diffusion of the new paradigm.

The top 12 core topics of the course can be summarized as follows:
1. The Genesis of the Circular Economy concept, the main differences between Circular Economy and Linear Economy. Circular Economy and Sustainability
2. The basic frameworks for understanding Circular Economy: the butterfly model and the RESOLVE model
3. The CE Matrix (Upstream-Downstream-Full Circular) and the classification of Circular Economy business models.
4. Cases of adoption of Circular Economy in established companies and in start-ups
5. The “Circular” Business Model Canvas: designing a successful transition towards Circular Economy
6. Circular Business Models and Circular Supply Chain: Connecting Eco-Systems for Circular Economy
7. Measuring Circular Economy: methods and tools for assessing circularity
8. The enabling role of IT & IoT in the transition towards Circular Economy
9. The "platform" business models in the Circular Economy
10. Financing Circular Economy
11. The role of Policies in Circular Economy
12. Circular Cities: adopting a broader perspective for the diffusion of the Circular Economy paradigm
The course is intented to be based on lively discussions and participated classes. In-course team works will be required.
Teaching material consists in slides (ppt format) and case studies. Further references to complementary material (books, articles extracted from scientific journals, reports by research centers, other readings) will be provided during the classes.
Additional materials can be found at the Ellen Macarthur Foundation Learning Hub ( https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/explore )

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i facoltativo (a scelta dello studente), di gruppo, senza revisioni periodiche, senza presentazione/discussione finale
The course will be assessed with: (i) a written exam with open-ended questions and case-based questions, covering all the topics of the course; (ii) an oral exam, evaluating the understanding of the concepts and the ability to sustain a business discussion on Circular Economy.
The written exam will count for 50% of the total grade. It will be assessed on a scale up to 30/30. In order to be ammitted to the oral exam, students will have to pass the written exam with a minimum grade of 18/30.
The oral exam will count for 50% of the total grade. It will be assessed on a scale up to 30/30. It has to be sustained in the same call of the written exam. Students who fail the oral exam (grade below 18/30) or refuse the grade will have to retake the entire exam.
Cum Laude grade is assigned to those students who show a brilliant and well above average ability to sustain a discussion on the core topics of Circular Economy.

Davide Chiaroni, L'Impresa Circolare, Editore: EGEA, Anno edizione: 2022, ISBN: 978-88-238-3763-8

Climate change, environmental pollution, resource scarcity are the contemporary challenges that call for urgent transition of the industry from the traditional paradigm of production and consumption towards circular economy and sustainable development. This course is designed to provide students with concepts and instruments necessary for analysing industrial practices in terms of their environmental performance, and for identification of relevant circular economy strategies for decoupling economic growth from environmental degradation, increasing resource efficiency and promoting sustainable lifestyles. The emphasis is given to the systemic perspective in examination of circular economy approaches at company and industrial system levels.
The course fits into the overall program curriculum pursuing some of the defined general learning goals. In particular, the course contributes to the development of the following capabilities:
Understand challenges, functions, processes in a business and industrial environment and their mutual effects on business, economy, environment and society
Identify trends, technologies, key methodologies and stakeholder needs related to circular economy at company and industrial system levels
Design solutions applying a scientific and engineering approach (Analysis, Learning, Reasoning, and Modelling capability deriving from a solid and rigorous multidisciplinary background) coupled with participatory approaches to face problems and opportunities in a business, industrial and social environment

A student that has successfully attended the course is expected to:
Understand the role of circular economy in enabling the decoupling of economic activities from negative environmental impacts and fostering the transition towards sustainable development
Know and explain circular economy strategies and their limitations at company and industrial system levels
Identify and apply appropriate instruments for analyzing circularity and environmental impact of industrial operations
Critically analyse industrial practices and identify opportunities for improving their circularity

Basics of circular economy: industrial ecology, sustainable development, principles of circular economy, limitations of circular economy, circular economy strategies
Circular economy at the company level: circular product design, product/material end-of-life management: reuse, remanufacturing, recycling
Circular economy at the industrial system level: circular supply chain management, industrial symbiosis
Circularity and environmental impact analysis instruments: circularity indicators, environmental key performance indicators, material flow analysis, life cycle assessment
The course is organised in lectures (traditional and flipped classroom formats), seminars with guest speakers, exercises, business game sessions.
The lectrues will be streamlined online via Webex and recorded.

Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
The evaluation of the course is based on a group assignment and an oral exam. The group assignment aims to evaluate student's ability to identify and apply appropriate instruments to develop a circular transition pathway in a specific industrial context. The oral exam aims to evaluate knowledge of the course materials, ability to indicate interconnections of discussed concepts and instruments and their limitations. During the semester, three self-assessment tests will be available for students to evaluate their understanding of the course content and preparation for the oral exam.

Slides and other classroom materials will be available on the WeBeep website of the course https://webeep.polimi.it/

This course aims at achieving the following learning goals:

• LG1: Understand sustainability related context, functions, processes in a business and industrial environment and the impact of those factors on business performance
• LG2: Identify future trends, technologies and key methodologies in the domain of sustainable innovation

At the end of the course, students will be able to:

• LO1.1: Understand the relevance of sustainable innovation for the long-term success of a firm
• LO1.2: Understand the importance to work in a collaborative way with the involvement of a set of key stakeholders to effectivelly implement a sustainable oriented innovation
• LO2.1: Identify the role played by technologies and new approaches for the implementation of a sustainable oriented innovation

The first module aims at presenting the role of collaborative innovation to achieve sustainable impact. This module will cover the following topics:
Understand the need for sustainability-oriented innovation.
Understand the what sustainability-oriented innovoation is.
Understand the need for collaboration to achieve sustainability-oriented innovations.
The second module focuses on sustainable business models and on innovation promotion and impact. This module will cover the following topics
Sustainable business model innovation
Sustainable behaivior and innovation adoption
Assessing the sustainable impact.
The third module aims to apply the concepts of the first two modules to the main sustainable innovation models, including:
Base of Pyramid innovation.
Circular economy and industrial symbiosis.
Certification
Shared models
A project work is integral part of the course. The objective of projects is to help students in applying the approaches and principles we teach in class.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
In this course, two assessment methods will be considered:

• group work assignment: in the group work assignment, students will be asked to exploit the value of collaborations for sustainability for a specific company. The group work will be delivered at the end of the course by means of a report and a final presentation. During the course, there are no intermediate deliveries, but there are moments dedicated to feedback integrated in the course schedule.
• individual exam: in the individual exam, the students will be requested to demonstrate their understanding of the phenomenon of innovation for sustainability.

Rüdiger Hahn, Sustainability Management - Concepts, Instruments, and Stakeholders from a Global Perspective, Editore: Pearson, Anno edizione: 2025, ISBN: 9781292482576
Lüdeke-Freund, F., Breuer, H., & Massa, L., Sustainable Business Model Design - 45 Patterns., Anno edizione: 2022, ISBN: 978-3-9824003-3
Note: https://www.sustainablebusiness.design/

The pharmaceutical industry is facing significant pressure to enhance the efficiency of its manufacturing processes, as rising costs outpace the pace of new drug development. Continuous manufacturing provides a proven solution to address this challenge. This approach offers numerous benefits, including minimizing waste, reducing energy consumption, and optimizing the use of raw materials. Additionally, it enables the accelerated synthesis of new drugs, allows for the utilization of smaller production facilities with lower building and capital costs, facilitates continuous monitoring of drug quality, and enhances process reliability and flexibility.
This class covers key aspects of continuous manufacturing of small molecules. The first part provides an overview of the chemical engineering principles and regulatory environment. The second part covers the technologies for manufacturing small molecules. The final part is devoted to process analytical tools for continuously operating manufacturing environments.

The course will allow students to:
Understand the core principles and underlying assumptions of continuous manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, including the benefits and challenges of this approach.
Learn about the reactors and unit operations used in continuous manufacturing.
Explore the regulatory and quality assurance frameworks that govern pharmaceutical manufacturing and understand how they apply to continuous processes.
Identify and assess risks in continuous manufacturing, and develop mitigation strategies to ensure process safety and product quality.

Introduction to continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing: industrial motivation for continuous processing, advantages and challenges of flow manufacturing.
Flow reactor technologies: design and operation of flow reactors for pharmaceutical synthesis, including micro- and mesoreactors, oscillatory flow reactors, microstructured and multifunctional reactors, and membrane reactors. Challenges associated with solids handling and highly viscous solutions or suspensions.
Novel reaction platforms: principles and applications of flow photochemistry, flow electrochemistry, flow enzymatic transformations.
Hydrodynamics, mixing and heat transfer: fluid dynamics in continuous-flow microreactors, diffusion and mixing phenomena in micromixers, mass transfer and separation processes, thermal management and heat transfer in flow systems.
Scale-up and process intensification: reactor dimensioning, scale-up and numbering-up methodologies, process optimization and industrial implementation of continuous manufacturing technologies.
Process monitoring and quality assurance: Process Analytical Technology (PAT), real-time process monitoring and data acquisition, microanalytical instrumentation and sensors, Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) attributes, Quality by Design (QbD), Design Space (DS), continuous risk assessment and Design of Experiments (DoE).
Safety and regulatory aspects: safety considerations in intensified and continuous processes, operation under highly reactive or thermal runaway conditions, risk management strategies, and regulatory requirements for flow chemistry under GMP and non-GMP environments.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Valutazione continua facoltativa (a scelta dello studente)
The final mark will be based on an individual written examination. This closed-book assessment will encompass all topics covered in the syllabus and will consist of a mix of open and closed questions, numerical problems, and the resolution of a case study.

Slides, lecture notes, and research articles provided on the BeeP platform (beep.metid.polimi.it).
Patrick Tabeling, Introduction to Microfluidics, Editore: Oxford University Press, Anno edizione: 2023, ISBN: 9780191937606
Johannes Khinast, Jukka Rantanen, Continuous Manufacturing of Pharmaceuticals, Editore: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Anno edizione: 2017, ISBN: 9781119001324
Note: Chapters 1, 3, 4, 5, 12, 13

The course aims at describing the main corrosion phenomena on metals in contact with natural (soil, atmosphere, water) and industrial environments. The students will be able to make a corrosion assessment, evaluating the maximum expected corrosion rate and making a proper material selection for a specific application as a function the environmental aggressiveness and operation condition. Among the several available protection techniques, cathodic protection will be described in details.
During the course, a corrosion real case will be proposed. Students, divided into groups of maximum 10 persons, will be asked to make a corrosion assessment, define the cause of corrosion or indicate a proper protection system to assure a safe use in operating condition. At the end of the course, any group has to write a technical report on the proposed subject. In the last day of lessons, some groups (maximum 6) will be asked to present their work in classroom.

Lectures, numerical exercises and practical examples will allow the student to (DdD1 - DdD2):

• define, for each environment, the parameters necessary to evaluate the corrosion rate
• know the possible forms of corrosion of a metal in contact with a specific environment
• make a corrosion assessment, discussing on the possible cause of corrosion, estimating the corrosion rate
• discuss and select a proper metal or a proper protection technique for a specific application
• know the cathodic protection systems and select a proper plant for a real structure
  The project work will allow students to (DdD2 - DdD3):
• discuss in a team on a real corrosion problem, stimulating the student's ability to develop autonomous knowledge of the subject
• address and critically discuss problems and situations also other than those faced during the lessons
• find a suitable remedy to the damage, using applicable technical standards
• write an organised technical report, in which the cause of corrosion and/or the application of a protection system are described

The course is taught in the first emi-semester and it deals with the following topics.
Basic principles of corrosion (outline). Electrochemical mechanism. Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects.
Corrosion and protection of metals in natural environments (related issues: main forms of corrosion, causes of corrosion, evaluation of corrosion rate, use of corrosion prevention systems, metals most used and specific corrosion issues). Atmosphere: effect of pollutant, RH, temperature. Soil: soil composition, stray current, differential aeration, SRB. Fresh water and seawater: indexes, scaling power, hardness, conductivity.
Corrosion and protection of metal in Oil & Gas industry. Off-shore and on-shore, oil and gas production and transportations, CO2 corrosion, H2S corrosion, erosion-corrosion. Corrosion in industrial boiler.
Cathodic protection. Galvanic and impressed current systems, anodic materials, feeding system, design and monitoring.
A project is integral part of the course. The aim of projects is to help students in using the approaches and principles tough during the course. Projects will be assigned in the first weeks of the emi-semester. The final report is expected to be released at a fixed deadline. Some intermediate revison processes will be scheduled. Some groups will present and discuss their report in classroom at the end of the emi-semester.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, con prove in itinere
Prova orale facoltativa (a scelta dello studente)
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
The evaluation will be carried out by a written exam.
An intermediate written exam will be scheduled at the end of the emi-semester of lessons, during the week of lesson suspension according to the official academic calendar.
The written exam consists of multiple choice questions, open questions and numerical exercises. Aim of the written exam is to verify the student ability to know the corrosion issues of metals in real working conditions and to verify if the student is able to make a proper corrosion assessment, estimating the corrosion rate, evaluating the residual service life or applying cathodic protection as main preventative or protection methods. Exams during the official dates are organized in the same way.
The maximum score of the written exam of the module "Corrosion Engineering" is 28/30. The written exam is passed even if the obtained score is 14/30.
The project laboratory report will be evaluated based on the proper corrosion assessment, the definition of the cause of corrosion and the proposal of a correct remedy. Structure of the report and clarity of exposition will be considered, too. The maximum score of the project laboratory report is 4/30. This score is sum up to the written exam score.
The oral exam is optional and can be scheduled only after a successful written exam. With the oral, a maximum increase of 3 points can be obtained. If the oral is not satisfactory, the score can be reduced.

Pietro Pedeferri, Corrosion Science and Engineering, Editore: L. Lazzari, M. Pedeferri, Anno edizione: 2018, ISBN: 978-3-319-97625-9
Dispense del corso
L. Lazzari, P. Pedeferri, M. Ormellese, Cathodic Protection, Editore: PoliPress, Anno edizione: 2008

Data-driven and algorithmic technologies increasingly support or automate decisions in engineering, business, science, public policy and everyday life. Their outcomes, however, are not determined by technical performance alone: they also depend on how data are generated, selected and represented, on the objectives and constraints embedded in algorithms, and on the social contexts in which technological systems are designed and deployed.
The course provides students with an interdisciplinary framework for understanding, analysing and addressing fairness-related issues in data-driven technologies. It combines a sociological perspective on data, datafication and algorithmic processes with technical methods for identifying bias, evaluating different notions of fairness and designing fairness-aware technological and decision-making solutions.
The course is intended for students from different engineering backgrounds. It aims to show that data and algorithmic fairness is not a specialised topic limited to diversity and inclusion, but a central engineering challenge concerning the quality, reliability, legitimacy and societal impact of technological systems.
The sociological module introduces students to the relationship between data and society, considering the production and use of data as both a technological activity and a socio-political process. The technical module focuses on the mechanisms through which unfair outcomes may arise in data, algorithms and decision-making processes, and on methods and frameworks for evaluating and mitigating them.
Through lectures, discussions, case studies, exercises and a group project, students will learn to connect sociological interpretation, technical analysis and engineering design.

Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
Explain and critically interpret how data and algorithmic systems are shaped by social, cultural, political and technological processes, and how their design and deployment may reproduce or transform existing inequalities.
Dublin Descriptor 1 — Knowledge and understanding
Analyse data-driven and algorithmic systems from a fairness perspective, identifying potential sources of bias across the different stages of the technological lifecycle and applying suitable concepts, criteria and methods to assess their outcomes.
Dublin Descriptor 2 — Applying knowledge and understanding
Formulate and justify fairness-aware design or policy choices, critically discussing alternative solutions, conflicting objectives, limitations and trade-offs, and clearly communicating the results of the analysis to audiences with different disciplinary backgrounds.
Dublin Descriptors 3 and 4 — Making judgements and communication skills
Class activities, independent study and project work will also support students in integrating technical and sociological perspectives, using feedback constructively and autonomously extending the course concepts to new application domains.
Dublin Descriptor 5 — Learning skills

The course is organised into two closely integrated modules.
Module A — Data and society: sociological perspectives
2 CFU
The first module introduces a sociological perspective on data and algorithmic processes. Data are considered not only as technical objects, but also as the result of social choices, classifications, institutional practices and power relations.
Topics include:
introduction to sociology and to the relationship between society and technology;
data, society and processes of datafication;
the social construction of data, categories and classifications;
identity, culture and technological systems;
the relationship between technology, power and inequality;
the role of gender, race and ethnicity, age, disability and socioeconomic conditions in the production and use of data;
historical and contemporary case studies concerning data-driven technologies;
data feminism and design justice;
epistemic injustice and its relevance to data production, technological design and decision-making;
the social, cultural and political implications of algorithmic systems in scientific, business, policy, healthcare and everyday-life contexts.
The module combines lectures with in-class discussions, exercises and case-study activities. This reflects the approach proposed for the sociological module, in which data production and application are treated as both technological and socio-political phenomena.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Valutazione continua obbligatoria
The course adopts an interdisciplinary and student-centred approach. Teaching activities combine:
lectures introducing sociological concepts, technical methods and analytical frameworks;
guided discussions on scientific literature, technological applications and controversial cases;
individual and small-group exercises;
analysis of real or realistic case studies;
activities requiring students to compare alternative definitions and approaches to fairness;
supervised development of a group project;
final presentation and discussion of project results.
The group project requires students to select or analyse a data-driven or algorithmic application and examine it from both a sociological and a technical fairness perspective. Depending on the selected case, students may analyse data generation, model assumptions, performance across population groups, decision rules, deployment conditions, affected stakeholders and possible mitigation strategies.
The project is intended to develop the ability to integrate perspectives from different disciplines and to formulate technically informed and socially aware design recommendations.
Indicative teaching mix
Teaching activity
Hours
Didattica trasmissiva/frontale
28
Didattica interattiva/partecipativa
12
Didattica laboratoriale
4
Didattica progettuale
6
Didattica valutativa
0
Total assisted teaching
50
Independent study and project work
75
Assisted teaching hours per CFU
10
This classification is consistent with the current distinction between transmissive teaching, interactive activities, laboratory work and project-based teaching. In particular, discussions, guided exercises and case-study activities fall within interactive teaching, while the supervised development and revision of the group assignment are appropriately classified as project-based teaching.

The course introduces the basic data quality concepts, models, and techniques. It aims to provide the tools to assess and improve the quality of data used in different applications and contexts to avoid errors and inefficiencies. It especially focuses on the role of data quality as a fundamental preprocessing activity for cleaning and preparing data to be analyzed with different analytics applications (e.g., descriptive, predictive analysis).
The goal of the course is to enable students to select and use the methods that are necessary to manage poor data quality in the data analysis pipeline to obtain valuable and reliable results.

Dublin descriptors
Expected learning outcomes
1. Knowledge and understanding
The students will learn:
The main concepts related to data quality and data preparation
To Identify the data quality issues in a data source
To design a data preparation pipeline
2. Applying knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
Profile a dataset by gathering its main characteristics and issues
Evaluate the quality level of the dataset
Design a data preparation pipeline to solve data quality issues
Understand the most suitable data preparation actions on the basis of the analysis to perform

Poor data quality is related to data errors, inconsistencies or delays that often negatively affect the output of the processes (from business processes to pure computational process). Such issue is perceived as important in Data Analytics field since an adequate quality level of the input data increases the reliability and value of the obtained results. The course will introduce the techniques and procedures to assess and improve data quality considering different data sources (e.g., traditional databases, data streams, unstructured data sources).
This course includes the following topics:
Basic elements of Data Quality: description of the main dimensions and related metrics in different data sources
Data profiling techniques: methods and tools for analyzing the data source, such as collecting descriptive statistics, identifying data types and recurring patterns, counting null and distinct values, and detecting functional dependencies.
Data quality assessment techniques: description of objective assessment methods and design of data quality controls.
Data Quality improvement techniques: methods and tools for data cleaning (standardization, detection, and imputing of missing values, error localization and correction, outliers detection, duplicate detection) and process-based improvement.
Data Quality issues in data fusion activities: techniques for duplicate detections (probabilistic and empirical techniques) and conflict resolution
Data Quality assessment in the uncertainty analysis; evaluation of the variability of the analytics results due to the poor quality of the input data,
Data Governance and data quality: description of the way in which organizations should assign people roles and responsibilities, define the processes and the technologies for managing data and especially, data quality aspects.
In the course seminars, some of the described techniques will be implemented by using Python.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, senza revisioni periodiche, senza presentazione/discussione finale
Written exam: Theoretical questions on the course topics
Mandatory project in Python aimed to apply all the concepts presented in the course to a real-world dataset.
Dublin descriptors 1,2,3,5

Carlo Batini, Monica Scannapieco, Data and Information Quality - Dimensions, Principles and Techniques. Data-Centric Systems and Applications, Editore: Springer, Anno edizione: 2016, ISBN: 978-3-319-24104-3
Arkady Maydanchik, Data Quality Assessment, Editore: Technics Publications, Anno edizione: 2012
Ihab F. Ilyas, Xu Chu, Data Cleaning, Editore: Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, United States, Anno edizione: 2019, ISBN: 978-1-4503-7152-0
Ziawasch Abedjan, Lukasz Golab, Felix Naumann, Thorsten Papenbrock, Data Profiling, Editore: Morgan & Claypool, Anno edizione: 2018, ISBN: 978-1681734460
Craig Fisher, Eitel Lauria, Shobha Chengalur-Smith, Introduction to Information Quality, Editore: MIT Press, Anno edizione: 2012

Difference between safety- and security-related risks. Risk sources and typologies and risk appetite. Techniques for open source risk identification and business intelligence. Integrated functional analysis and representation methods of business processes. Deductive and inductive logic and logic operations. Risk spectrum definition. Critical paths and critical elements identification. Probability calculation (values, strength and cost). Risk in project management. Organisational forms and risk prevention. Culture and leadership as tools for risk prevention. Risk perception. Sanction and reward in risk management. Decision making strategies in risk management. Decision making models. Managerial perspective of the risk prevention Law. International standard and approach in risk management. Emerging risks.

L'insegnamento fornisce l'insieme di contenuti necessari a progettare gli esperimenti e ad analizzare i risultati utilizzando un sw a grande diffusione. Gli studenti del corso da dieci crediti, inoltre, avranno modo di applicare i concetti teorici ad un caso pratico in cui cercheranno di migliorare un processo di fabbricazione con uno o più esperimenti
I temi affrontati saranno: Analisi della varianza a un fattore e a molti fattori, Modelli a fattori fissati, casuali e misti. Tecniche DOE (Design Of Experiments) per la progettazione degli esperimenti: piani fattoriali completi e con blocco; piani 2k replicati, frazionati e con blocca; piani nested e split plot, piani alfabetici ottimi. Analisi di regressione lineare. Tecniche RSM (Response Surface Methodology) e di progettazione robusta.

Main objective of the teaching are:

• To have a knowledge of most used machine in food processing, from agriculture to secondary packaging
• To understand most important drivers in the synthesis of machines for food processing
• To have basic knowledge of functional mechanical design of machines
• To know how to synthesis motion and how to transform it according to different tasks and applications
• To have a knowledge of most common actuators and drive systems in food & beverage applications

In terms of acquired knowledge and understanding, students will be able to:

• know main problems associated with machines for food production
• know the most used machines in food and beverage industrial field
• know how to obtain a working flow from raw materials to a final product, by highlighting main operations to carry out
  Concerning the ability to apply the acquired knowledge and understanding, students will be able to:
• design the working flow from raw materials to a final product, by highlighting main operations to carry out
• design simple functional systems
• size an actuation system for moving a machine.
  Through practical design activities, students will also acquire the skills to formulate a judgment, meaning to:
• independently evaluate the correctness of the design choices
• find alternative design solutions to a complex problem
• discuss and critically support their design choices

Main topics of the teaching are:
Overview on Food Processing Machines
-Production of raw materials (agriculture, meat, dairy, …)
-Food Preparation Equipment by Unit Operation (cleaning, grading, peeling/skinning, sorting)
-Mechanical Processing Equipment for size transformation (mills, crushers, grinders, cutters, extruders, forming machines, mixers)
-Packaging machines (fillers, sealers & secondary packaging)
-Auxiliary machines (conveyors, cartoners, palletizers, etc.)
Basics of Functional mechanical design
-Task identification and definition of functional groups
-From task to motion design
-Mechanisms to transform motion
-Pneumatics and electrics motors
Basics of regulations in machine design
-EU Machinery directive
-Food & Beverage regulatory compliance
Emerging technologies in machines for food processing
-Precision farming, food robotics, domestic food production
To bring students closer to the industrial world, some themes will be treated in collaboration with industrial companies leaders in the field.
During the course, students have to develop a project in a team focused on the design of a production line.

Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, senza revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
Students’ acquired knowledge and understanding will be tested during an oral test that covers all the topics of the course.
During the exam students have to present their project of an industrial production line, explaining it in a critical way.

G. Saravacos, A. E. Kostaropoulos, Handbook of Food Processing Equipment, ISBN: 978-3-319-25020-5

Identify future trends, technologies and key methodologies in a specific domain;
Frame and reframe problems by combining empathy with the ability to challenge existing interpretations;
Design solutions applying a scientific and engineering approach (Analysis, Learning, Reasoning, and Modeling capability deriving from a solid and rigorous multidisciplinary background) to face problems and opportunities in a business and industrial environment.

Identify future trends, technologies and key methodologies in a specific domain;
Understand and exploit technological and socio-cultural trends, explicit and latent user needs, together with a capability to interpret competitive dynamics in industries [Individual Written Exam].
Frame and reframe problems by combining empathy with the ability to challenge existing interpretations;
Apply human-centered, abductive and iterative reasoning to connect technology, people and business.
Design solutions applying a scientific and engineering approach (Analysis, Learning, Reasoning, and Modeling capability deriving from a solid and rigorous multidisciplinary background) to face problems and opportunities in a business and industrial environment;
Generate and develop new meaningful directions based on a deep understanding of the future dynamics of competition, society and technology [Team Design Thinking Project].

Practitioners and scholars acknowledge the central role of design as a driver of innovation and change. What has driven the steep growth of attention to design in the latest years in the business community is a change of perspective: design is not only an aesthetic driver of innovation but as a whole innovation management practice, a new set of processes, mindsets, capabilities, and organizational settings. It is something practiced not only by designers but by everyone in organizations who seeks to innovate. Design Thinking, in particular, is making the headlines, with an extremely rapid diffusion in the interest and practice of organizations. The increasing attention of practitioners to Design Thinking is evident by looking at the recent moves of large consulting organizations and tech corporations. Design Thinking is booming in those industries where the digital transformation requires new competences and capabilities for developing effective customer experiences. Also, software developers and integrators have extensively adopted Design Thinking practices.
We live in a world where technological opportunities are cascading on society at an unprecedented speed, a world awash with technologies and information. But humans do not use technologies or data; they need products and services, and design can allow people to navigate an overcrowded world. Far from being connected with the “form” of products, Design Thinking is accepted as a formal approach to foster innovation. It looks at value and change from the perspective of people; or, even better, from the perspective of what is meaningful to people. In other words it aims at shaping meaningful futures (i.e. desirable, sustainable, inclusive). Similarly to many other approaches, also Design Thinking combines three factors: (i) technologies, how things are made and their performance improved; (ii) people, how these things are valuable for customers; (iii) business, how organizations can profit from offering them. The perspective embedded in Design Thinking makes it unique: Design Thinking starts from people. Design Thinking for Business course aims at enriching the capabilities to envision innovative scenarios and to lead transformations. The approach embedded in Design Thinking is human-centered, abductive, iterative and intrinsically oriented to change and to envision new possibilities. An increasing number of firms in fact have recognized the importance of Design Thinking as a mean to achieve sustainable competitive advantage.

Prova scritta condizionata (a scelta del docente), senza prove in itinere
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i condizionato (a scelta del docente), di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
The final evaluation of the course is different for attending and not-attending students.
Attending Students
The evaluation is based on the following elements:
Individual Written Exam: open questions about case studies and theoretical contents; the written exam is based on the content included in the course slides, case studies, guest speakers’ presentations and class discussions;
Team Design Thinking Project: teams are engaged in designing a new meaningful direction for the Partner Company(ies). Teams will be supported by the Faculty along the entire course during the Factories and Teamworking sessions even if Team Design Thinking Projects will be assessed during the final presentations that will take place during the last sessions of the course.
The specific elements in the grading system and the points assigned to them are depicted in the following table.
Individual
Written Exam
Team
Design Thinking Project
Attending Students
12
20
In order to pass the exam:
Sum must be >= 18;
Individual Written Exam >= 7;
Team Design Thinking Project >=11.
Peer evaluations among team members will be performed to guarantee a balanced commitment. The Team Design Thinking Project is valid for the entire academic year, so for all the calls the students that attend the course will keep that mark. The participation to the exams during the off-lectures period implies the cancellation of the associated marks obtained during the course.
Not-Attending Students
The evaluation is based on the following elements:
Individual Oral Exam: open questions about case studies and theoretical contents; the individual oral exam is based on the content included in the course slides, case studies, textbooks, guest speakers’ presentations;
Individual Design Thinking Project: individuals are engaged in designing a new meaningful direction for the Partner Company(ies). Presentation sent one week before the oral exam ([email protected]) and delivered during the oral exam.
The specific elements in the grading system and the points assigned to them are depicted in the following table.
Individual
Oral Exam
Individual
Design Thinking Project
Not-Attending Students
20
12
In order to pass the exam:
Sum must be >= 18;
Individual Oral Exam >= 11;
Individual Design Thinking Project >= 7.

Brown T, Change By Design: How Design Thinking Transforms Organizations and Inspires Innovation, Editore: Harper Collins Publishers, Anno edizione: 2009
Kelley T, and Kelley D, Creative Confidence. Unleashing the creative potential within us all, Editore: New York: Crown Business, Anno edizione: 2013
Knapp J, Zeratsky J, and Kowitz B, Sprint: How to solve big problems and test new ideas in just five days, Editore: Simon and Schuster, Anno edizione: 2016
Martin RL, The design of business: Why design thinking is the next competitive advantage, Editore: Boston: Harvard Business Press, Anno edizione: 2009
Verganti R, Design Driven Innovation: Changing the Rules of Competition by Radically Innovating What Things Mean, Editore: Harvard Business Press, Anno edizione: 2009
Verganti R, Overcrowded - Designing Meaningful Products in a World Awash with Ideas, Editore: MIT Press, Anno edizione: 2017
Beckman SL, and Barry M, Innovation as a learning process: Embedding design thinking, Editore: California Management Review, Anno edizione: 2007
Beckman SL, To Frame or Reframe: Where Might Design Thinking Research go Next?, Editore: California Management Review, Anno edizione: 2020
Brown T, Design thinking, Editore: Harvard Business Review, Anno edizione: 2008
Buchanan R, Wicked problems in design thinking, Editore: Design Issues, Anno edizione: 1992
Carlgren L, Rauth I, and Elmquist M, Framing design thinking: The concept in idea and enactment, Editore: Creativity and Innovation Management, Anno edizione: 2016
Dell'Era C, Cautela C, Magistretti S, Verganti R, and Zurlo F, Four Kinds of Design Thinking: From Ideating to Making, Engaging, and Criticizing, Editore: Creativity and Innovation Management, Anno edizione: 2020
Dorst K, The core of 'design thinking' and its application, Editore: Design Studies, Anno edizione: 2011
Dorst K, and Cross N, Creativity in the design process: Co-evolution of problem-solution, Editore: Design Studies, Anno edizione: 2001
Elsbach KD and Stigliani I, Design thinking and organizational culture: A review and framework for future research, Editore: Journal of Management, Anno edizione: 2018
Kolko J, Abductive thinking and sensemaking: The drivers of design synthesis, Editore: Design Issues, Anno edizione: 2010
Kolko J, Design thinking comes of age, Editore: Harvard Business Review, Anno edizione: 2015
Liedtka J, Perspective: Linking design thinking with innovation outcomes through cognitive bias reduction, Editore: Journal of Product Innovation Management, Anno edizione: 2015
Liedtka J, Why Design Thinking Works, Editore: Harvard Business Review, Anno edizione: 2018
Liedtka J, Putting technology in its place: Design thinking's social technology at work, Editore: California Management Review, Anno edizione: 2020
Magistretti S, Ardito L, and Messeni Petruzzelli A, Framing the Microfoundations of Design Thinking as a Dynamic Capability for Innovation: Reconciling Theory and Practice, Editore: Journal of Product Innovation Management, Anno edizione: 2021
Magistretti, S., Bianchi, M., Calabretta, G., Candi, M., Dell'Era, C., Stigliani, I., and Verganti, R, Framing the Multifaceted Nature of Design Thinking in Addressing different Innovation Purposes, Editore: Long Range Planning, Anno edizione: 2022
Magistretti S, Dell'Era C, Verganti R, and Bianchi M, The contribution of Design Thinking to the R of R&D in technological innovation, Editore: R&D Management, Anno edizione: 2022
Micheli P, Perks H, and Beverland MB, Elevating Design in the Organization, Editore: Journal of Product Innovation Management, Anno edizione: 2018
Micheli P, Wilner SJ, Bhatti SH, Mura M, and Beverland MB, Doing design thinking: Conceptual review, synthesis, and research agenda, Editore: Journal of Product Innovation Management, Anno edizione: 2019
Seidel V, and Fixson S, Adopting design thinking in novice multidisciplinary teams: The application and limits of design methods and reflexive practices, Editore: Journal of Product Innovation Management, Anno edizione: 2013
Verganti R, The Power of Criticism, Editore: Harvard Business Review, Anno edizione: 2015
Verganti R, and Dell'Era C, Design-Driven Innovation: meaning as a source of innovation, Editore: in Dodgson M, Gann D, and Philips N (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Innovation Management, Oxford University Press, Anno edizione: 2014
Verganti R, and Norman D, Why Criticism Is Good for Creativity, Editore: Harvard Business Review, Anno edizione: 2019
Zurlo F, and Cautela C, Design Strategies in Different Narrative Frames, Editore: Design Issues, Anno edizione: 2014

Digital Business is the transformation of a company business generated by the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and, more in general, by Digital Innovation. It can involve the internal processes, (e.g. the supply chain management, market relationship management, etc.), people and organization (e.g. digital capabilities, digital and agile organization, HR transformation), but also the entire business model. Digital Business means also the transformation of entire industries and supply chains, the creation of new sectors (e.g. those of Apps, eCommerce, etc.) and of completely new companies (i.e. Startups).
The objective of this course is twofold.
a) Understand context, functions, p rocesses and performance with refernce to the application digital innovation projects/solutions
b) Identify trends, technologies and key methodologies in the domain of digital innovation

a) With reference to objective a), in particular, s tudents will: 1) Understand and interpret the strategic role of digital innovation, the current competitive digital business environment and its evolution; 2) Learn and critically understand – form a strategic point of view - the most important “digital trends” affecting the business, the competitive environment and the industries, such as cloud, big data, Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, blockchain, digital marketing etc; 3) Know the main steps and methodologies to be exploited when launching a digital business (start up) or renewing a traditional business. In this light, a specific emphiasis will be given on the following methodologies: lean start up approach, business planning, business process reengineering, investment evaluation etc; 4) Know the main steps and methodologies to be exploited when supporting and innovating an existing business leveraging on digital innovation.
b) with reference to objective b), in particular, students will: 1) Identify and apply the appropriate tools and methodologies for digital business innovation; 2) Discern and select the appropriate strategic approaches and technology trends related to a digital business; 3) Identify the appropriate strategic methodologies and tools to launch a new digital business or renew an existing traditional business.

Strategic analysis applied to digital business. SWOT analysis, Value Chain, competitive advantage and competitive forces, strategic innovation and creativity (e.g. resource-based view and blue ocean strategy), business model design, digital disruption
Models, methodologies and tools enabling the launch of a new business and to compete in high tech contexts. Business model design through the business model canvas, the lean start-up approach, the start-up financing, resource gathering and allocation.
Digital-Driven analysis and Business Process reengineering. Methodologies, techniques, and tools to analyse and re-design processes, when launching digital projects in existing companies
Value Assessment models. How to develop a model to assess the value and impacts generated by Digital Innovation projects. Application of the methodology to real examples and case studies.
Digital Markets & New Business Models. A deep dive into the most important digital trends enabling the development of new markets. Digital Commerce, Mobile Content & Apps, Digital Payments, Mobile Enterprise, Social Networks, Cloud and ICT-as-a-service, Big Data, Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, etc.
Digital marketing. Advanced market research (how to use big data and data tracking to better understand the customer behaviour), Customer experience design (methodologies and tools to design multichannel customer experiences), Tool supporting marketing planning (methodologies and techniques to target customers and to develop customized marketing plans), KPI of a multichannel marketing plan (tools and techniques supporting customer accountability, development of scorecards to measure a multichannel marketing plan).
Digital Operations. eSupply Chain (automation and integration of the supply chain operative processes, e.g. logistics, sales, administration, etc.), Supply Chain Collaborative Planning (integrated and collaborative supply chain management, e.g. co-design, collaborative planning, etc.), Supply Chain Visibility (Internet of Things, tracing and visibility along the supply chain, anti-counterfeiting).
People and Organization. Digital capabilities assessment and strategy, digital and agile organization, smart working and new ways of working, employer branding, HR process transformation

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
ASSESSMENT (5 CFU)
The assessment will be based on a written exam at the end of the course.
Specifically, t he written exam will consist of questions covering all course content. Questions could refer to both theoretical concepts and short business cases (other than those discussed in class). Written exam grades range from 0 to 30 points. 18 is considered as the minimum threshold to pass the written exam. Students with a grade lower than 18 shall retake the written exam in any future call.

Ries, E. (2011). The lean startup: How today's entrepreneurs use continuous innovation to create radically successful businesses. Crown Books.
Downes, L., & Nunes, P. (2013). Big bang disruption.

Lo scopo del corso è rendere gli studenti consapevoli delle responsabilità penali connesse alla progettazione e conduzione degli impianti industriali.
L'insegnamento - mediante l'analisi di casi aziendali e di sentenze in materia antinfortunistica - fornirà una descrizione dei più diffusi problemi tecnici, organizzativi, comportamentali che interessano i contesti produttivi, soffermandosi in particolare sulle criticità attinenti la relazione uomo - macchina.
Verranno quindi illustrate alcune soluzioni tecnico/organizzative - conformi agli attuali standard giurisprudenziali - per risolvere dette criticità e prevenire così efficacemente infortuni e reati negli stabilimenti industriali.
Sarà infine offerto un dettagliato quadro degli strumenti difensivi che le aziende possono utilizzare in caso di contestazioni da parte dell'Autorità Giudiziaria.

Il corso affronta le principali questioni teoriche relative all'innovazione socio-tecnica (quali i concetti di base dell'innovazione tecnologica, le dinamiche di diffusione delle innovazioni, i limiti del determinismo tecnologico, l'agency degli oggetti tecnologici, la flessibilità interpretativa della tecnologia, genere e tecnologia) e analizza esempi rilevanti di tecnologie d'avanguardia che hanno un impatto sulla società e sulla vita umana, come l'Internet delle cose, la fabbricazione digitale, la realtà aumentata e l'intelligenza artificiale. Anziché focalizzarsi sul loro funzionamento, le prestazioni e i problemi tecnici, il corso affronterà le questioni etiche che esse sollevano e gli impatti sociali che producono.

The main objective of the course is to study the climate change challenge using quantitative, numerical tools. Specifically, the aim is to learn the basic elements of the global energy and climate problems, evaluate the solutions with a focus on the energy sector, and use optimization and simulation models to evaluate the emission reduction and adaptation strategies.
To do so, a discussion of the fundamentals of the global economy, energy, land and climate systems will be complemented by development and applications of mathematical models integrating these key components. The course will also involve programming languages used in energy-climate planning, such as AMPL and python, among others.
The course uses innovative teaching methods, in particular, it is a flipped classroom course: students will form groups of 4-5 and work on projects to improve one or more numerical models to deal with climate change solutions, either on mitigation or adaptation.
Students based in Leonardo (e.g., Mathematical Engineers) may attend part of the course virtually.

At the end of course, students will be able to:

• Explain the foundations of climate science / climate change and how climate change affects energy and economic systems
• Describe the main historical landmarks of climate- energy policy (IPCC)
• Explain the link between climate change and energy systems
• Discuss advantages and limitations of the different mitigation and adaptation strategies
• Describe the different components of an energy system
• Distinguish between major modeling paradigms (IAMs, bottom-up and top-down energy models, etc.) and choose the appropriate type of model for a given question
• Answer specific questions using optimization models and critically interpret / analyse results
• Translate a real-world problem into an optimization formulation
• Write a mathematical model in a specific programming language
• Identify the main sources of uncertainty and calculate their impact on model outcomes
• Present a project in class, and thus create a presentation and be able to communicate it properly

The specific list of topics is as follows
Topic 1: Introduction to the climate change challenge: physics and causes of climate change, consequences and impacts.
Topic 2: Global energy and climate policies and agreements
Topic 3: The role of technology in climate change mitigation
Topic 4: Fundamentals of continuous and discrete optimization
Topic 5: Mathematical modeling and optimization using AMPL
Topic 6: Fundamentals of climate economics
Topic 7: Introducing the tools of Integrated Assessment Models
Topic 8: The simplest integrated energy-economy-climate model: the DICE model
Topic 9: Introduction to energy systems
Topic 10: Energy models: EnergyScope and PyPSA
Topic 11: Climate risks, adaptation and climate engineering
Topic 12: Accounting for risks and uncertainty: sensitivity and uncertainty analysis methods, stochastic and robust optimization

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, senza revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
Final grade will be based on two main components. A group project which involves model development and presentation during the course lectures. An additional written exam which will be done during the standard exams timeline.
1) Model development and group presentation (2/3): This will be done in class during the course, and we will evaluate both the modeling work as well as the communication skills. In particular, the teacher will assess the relevance of the chosen project, the validity of the software development (also looking at the code) as well as the presentation and oral skills.
2) Written exam (1/3): This will test knowledge of programming and of the theoretical concepts. The theoretical questions will cover the topics examined in class.

Global Energy Assessment - Toward a Sustainable Future, Editore: Cambridge University Press, Anno edizione: 2012 http://www.globalenergyassessment.org/
IPCC 6th assessment report, Anno edizione: 2023 https://www.ipcc.ch/assessment-report/ar6/
DICE 2013 http://www.econ.yale.edu/~nordhaus/homepage/documents/DICE_Manual_100413r1.pdf
The AMPL Book https://ampl.com/resources/books/ampl-book/

In an era of transformation of the energy sectors, this course describe the functioning of energy markets and the economic principles that have guided their design. Through a blend of economic theorethical models, pracitical evidence, and academic research, students gain comprehensive understanding of the dynamics, principles, and motivaitions shaping global energy markets.
Key topics include the theorethical frameworks, models, and the practical tools essential for understanding energy markets. Emphasis is placed on elucidating the rationale behind public intervention in the market, navigating competitive wholesale markets, and analyzing the impact of environmental externalities on market dynamics.
Real-world case studies and guest speakers enrich the learning experience, fostering critical thinking and application of theoretical constructs to practical scenarios.

Describe the functioning of energy markets.
Identify natural monopolies (e.g., transmission/distribution) and explain why regulation is needed to improve welfare.
Explain the motivations for public intervention in energy markets (efficiency, security of supply, externalities).
Describe competitive wholesale electricity markets and the main design challenges.
Explain how environmental externalities affect energy markets and evaluate major regulatory instruments (ETS, taxes, standards).
Apply energy economics tools to real-world cases and policy/market design problems.

Topics:
Market structure, economic principles and models: Competition, Monopololy, Deadweight Loss, and Natural Monopoly
Regulation of Natural Monopolies: Models with perfect information, Models with information asymmetries, Regulation of Natural Monopoly in practice
Energy and the Enviorment: Negative Externalities, Technological adoption, NIMBY, Policy solution in the energy markets
Energy Sources: Cartels, Dominant-producer model, Hold-up problems and Long Term Contracts
Electricity Markets
Natural Gas Market
Topics will be discussed through: Lecture sessions: they aim at illustrating, sharing and discussing models, conceptual frameworks, tools and empirical evidence In-class case study discussions: they aim at making students apply the insights from theory and empirics to real world situations. Students have to read case study materials in advance of the class sections.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Prova orale condizionata (a scelta del docente)
The final exam aims at testing student's:
Level of understanding of the theories and empirics presented in class
Ability to apply the theories and empirics presented in class to real cases
Ability to interpret correctly the regulatory intervention as well as the choices of the players in the energy markets in light of the theory and empirics presented in class
Ability to calculate a market equilibrium
Exam format
Written exam
The exam consists of 31 multiple-choice questions, each worth 1 point. For each incorrect answer, 1 point will be deducted (malus). Unanswered questions receive 0 points (no penalty).
The exam will be administered on paper. Students must clearly mark their answers on the official answer sheet, which is the only document that will be evaluated. Any ambiguous or multiple markings will be considered incorrect.
Oral Exam
Students whose final written score is higher than 26 are required to take a mandatory oral examination. The purpose of the oral examination is to confirm and, where appropriate, adjust the final grade, which may therefore be either increased or decreased.
Students may choose not to attend the oral examination. In this case, a final grade of 26 will be automatically recorded.
For all other scores, the result of the written examination is considered final. Students are not entitled to request an oral examination.

Engineering Properties of Foods (EPF) course is centered on the introduction to the measure and the estimation of the physical and chemical properties that can be encountered in the food engineering practice. These properties are of interest mainly because: (a) many of the characteristics that define the quality (e.g. texture, structure, appearance) and stability (e.g. water activity) of a food product are linked to its physical properties; (b) quantitative knowledge of many of the physical properties as a function of the food composition, such as thermal conductivity, density, viscosity, specific heat, enthalpy and many others, is essential for the rational design and operation of food processes and for the prediction of the response of foods to processing, distribution and storage conditions.
Macroscopic physical properties of foods are related to their compositions in terms of water, proteins, carbohydrates, fats and salts, to cite the most relevants chemical classes. As a first approximation, most of the final properties can be estimated by the weighted combination of those of the above constituents.
The use of laboratory will be centered on the experimental determination of these properties and to their comparison with the corrisponding values estimated with the previuos approach.
In a second part of the course, the application of engineering principles for the analysis and simulation of food processing operations will be discussed. Students will be introduced to macroscopic mass and energy balances and to modelling approaches for predicting heat and mass transfer phenomena during processing, including the use of simulation tools (e.g. COMSOL Multiphysics) for evaluating the response of food systems under different operating conditions, to understand how the modification of the food composition during processing is able to modify the previously introduced properties.
Approach:
1. definition of the chemical and physical properties of raw food materials and of processed food
2. how the evolution of the chemical and physical properties during food processing influences the final merceological properties like taste, aroma and aspect
Teaching:
Mix of lectures, classroom/practical exercises and laboratory experiences. Students will be actively involved in analyzing experimental data, and simulate or design basic food processing operations (e.g., heating, concentration).
Learning by doing: A practical engineering approach focused on the simplest way to derive useful correlations will be discussed instead to insist on their rigorous demonstrations. The hands-on approach in the lab and the problem-solving activities are aimed at reinforcing the connection between theoretical knowledge and practical applications in food engineering.

At the end of the course the student should have all the instruments to understand the chemical and physical properties encountered in processing of foods.
In particular:
Lectures will allow students to:
understand the relationship between food composition, structure and engineering properties, and their impact on food quality and processability;
describe the main physical, thermal, mechanical, rheological and mass transport properties of food materials.
Exercise sessions will allow students to:
estimate engineering properties from food composition data and apply mass and energy balances to food processing operations;
analyze the effect of processing conditions on food properties and final product quality.
Laboratory and simulation activities will allow students to:
experimentally determine relevant engineering properties of food materials and compare experimental data with predictive approaches;
apply computational tools (e.g. COMSOL Multiphysics) to simulate basic food processing operations and evaluate the influence of material properties.

Introduction to Food Engineering Properties
Relationship between food composition, structure and engineering properties
Role of water, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and salts
Property–process–quality relationships
Compositional and physicochemical properties
Density
Concentration
Water activity and moisture content
Surface tension
Mechanical properties
Stresses (shear and pressure)
Strain (deformation)
Viscosity
Elastic module, stress and elongation at yield and at break
Thermal properties
Thermal conductivity
Thermal diffusivity
Specific heat
Latent heat
Emissivity
Mass transport properties
Diffusivity
Macroscopic mass and energy balances
Simulation and optimization of basic food processing operations (using Excel and/or COMSOL Multiphysics)
Laboratory experiences
Experimental measurement of food engineering properties
Analysis of experimental data
Comparison between measured and predicted properties
Simulation and evaluation of food processing scenarios

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Prova orale obbligatoria
The final exam will be divided in two parts:
1. a written test with exercises that will produce an individual mark expressed in /30
2. a group presentation on a food product or a food process chosen by the students, where the concepts from lectures and practical sessions are applied and discussed. Students may use tools such as Excel or Comsol, as introduced during tutorials. The mark of this part will be expressed in /30
The final mark will be the average of the previous two marks.

slides of lessons beep
R.P. Singh, D. R. Heldman, Introduction to food engineering, Editore: Academic Press NewYork NY, Anno edizione: 2009, ISBN: 978-0-12-370900-4
Z. Berk, Food process engineering and technology, Editore: Academic Press New York NY, Anno edizione: 2009, ISBN: 978-0-12-373660-4

La conoscenza delle problematiche relative agli impatti ambientali delle attività industriale è fondamentale nella vita lavorativa dell'ingegnere in qualunque settore industriale: dal settore oil&gas, a quello chimico, farmaceutico, alimentare, o del trattamento rifiuti. Questo corso si propone di fornire queste conoscenze in primo luogo illustrando gli aspetti regolatori e le normative relative alla gestione ambientale in azienda, per poi focalizzarsi sulle tematiche più di frontiera del monitoraggio e della valutazione degli impatti ambientali, considerando sia le emissioni ordinarie che quelle accidentali. Nel corso verranno presentati degli esempi pratici e dei casi studio riferiti principalmente ad aziende dei settori food e oil&gas, prendendo in considerazione l'intero ciclo di vita delle produzioni industriali.

This course is designed to provide the students with a comprehensive set of knowledge and tools to understand the current worldwide Economy evolution in the light of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) principles.
First, a review of the macro-economic context, with a focus on the relevant policies and regulations driving the energy transition, will be introduced.
Afterwards, the evolution of ESG topics will be covered with focus on companies acting in the most relevant sectors exposed to the transition. Sectors subject to specific analysis are Banking, Automotive and its value chain, Steel and Energy. With a focus on these sectors, the course will provide insights with reference to: i) strategy and business portfolio evolution, ii) sustainable finance, iii) corporate governance, iv) new management performance metrics, v) sustainable rating, vi) social sustainability initiatives and vii) financial and non-financial disclosures.
Lectures will be complemented by case histories presented by sectors leading companies as well as talks with other relevant Market players.
Students will be required to play an active role by developing business cases on ESG Strategy/initiatives adopted by a selected set of leading Companies.
The course contribute to the following programme objectives:
Identify trends, technologies, key methodologies and stakeholder needs in a specific domain
Identify risks and opportunities induced by the above
Develop new ideas and transformative solutions to deliver positive impact on business, industrial and societal scenarios evolving over time

The main expected learning outcomes for students are:
to understand the drivers of the current ESG market trend and to forecast further evolutions
to evaluate the different ESG strategies implemented by leading companies in different sectors
to learn how to govern a new ESG company's strategy from design to implementation and public disclosure

The course is designed to introduce key concepts and tools for understanding and evaluating the evolution of companies’ strategies in the ESG transition to counteract the rising risks and take advantage from the new opportunities
The course will benefit from a balanced mix of lectures, case histories presented by the industry senior management, talks with other relevant Market players and business cases presented by students.
Overall, interaction and active participation are key elements for a profound understanding of the covered topics.
The main topics covered during the course are:
Global energy scenarios and focus on international and national energy policies.
Analysis of i) the world energy scenarios in accordance with the latest forecasts provided by IPCC, IEA and NGFS; ii) evolution of energy supply and demand; iii) focus and benchmarking of existing mechanisms implemented at supranational as well as national level (subsidies, carbon certificates trading, border tax)
Corporate strategies evolution
Strategic impact of ESG principles over the most exposed Economy Sectors including Banking, Automotive and supply chain, Steel and Energy
Sustainable finance
Sustainable finance and tools aiming at funding corporate activities connected to ESG principles. Climate related financial risk: the perspective of different parties (companies vs financing parties vs Regulators)
Corporate governance
Introduction to the corporate governance basic principles and description of their very recent evolution induced by the ESG influence. Role of Active Shareholders and evolution of Directors’ risk profile. Implications of ESG strategies on the management performance measurement.
Social strategies
Overview of Social sustainability practices in different Economy Sectors.
ESG rating
The global evolving context of ESG rating: consolidated standards and emerging trends
Financial/Non Financial Disclosure
Overview of existing standards for climate-related financial and non-financial information.

Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, senza revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
The overall final grade will be based on the following criteria:
Evaluation of the oral exam (60% of the final grade). Each student will be tested orally on the course subjects (Bibliography). The active/constructive student participation to each lesson will be an additional evaluation element (with potential additional scoring points)
Evaluation of teamwork business case (40% of the final grade). Students will work in teams to deploy a real business case detecting, describing and finally commenting/challenging how the assigned Company implemented each ESG topic covered during the course. The companies available for business cases are large companies

This course deals with the application of ethical theories to problems created, aggravated or transformed by technology. This course aims at showing how the decision to develop a technology (meant at large), the processes of its design, development, management, control, and production are inherently moral. It is intended to give students a chance to reflect on the ethical, social, and cultural impact of technological applications (in particular AI).
The course includes lectures by the instructor and invited lecturers; class participation will be expected, and students should apply what they learn through reading, lectures, and class discussions by looking at current events through an ethical lens.

Dublin Descriptors
Expected learning outcomes
Knowledge and understanding
Students will:
Acquire a broad perspective on the ethical and social impacts and implications of science and technology;
Be acquainted with normative ethics and normative argumentation;
Learn how to recognize and analyze ethical and social aspects and issues inherent in some technological applications;
Be able to understand how technical problems are inherently connected to a social dimension within a socio-technical perspective.
Applying knowledge and understanding
Students will:
Be able to use critical skills in clarifying and ethically analyzing case-studies involving technology;
Be able to apply ethical theories to problems created, aggravated or transformed by current technologies;
Be able to explore and assess possibilities for solving or diminishing existing and emerging ethical and social problems.
Making judgements
Students will be able:
To autonomously analyze the ethical issues of a technology and to develop a critical analysis on that;
To evaluate and select the appropriate knowledge in the effort of elaborating and justifying a philosophical argument on a topic autonomously selected.
Communication
Students will learn to:
Exercise and improve their skills in a critical writing;
Present in an effective way the results of their research, being able to justify their choices.
Lifelong learning skills
Students will:
Be better prepared to their future professional life in an ethically and socially responsible way;
Be able to analyze problems through an ethical lens.

The course will cover different topics both from a theoretical and a more practical point of view. We will start with a broad analysis of the concept of responsibility, in particular in an engineering perspective, and of normative ethics and its tools. We will discuss ethical questions in the design of technology with a focus on Design Ethics and its Social Ethics paradigm. Then ethics in IT-configured societies will be discussed and technology as the instrumentation of human action will be presented. Topics will include, for instance, the novel framework of Responsible Research and Innovation, Value-Sensitive design, the ethical aspects of technicolgical risks, the relationship among sustainability, ethics and technology, information flow, privacy, and values and uncertainty
Students will be supervised in class sessions in the development of the individual final essay in order to meet the standards required by scientific publications.

Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, individuale, senza revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
Type of assessment
Description
Dublin descriptor
Collective presentations
Students are encouraged to:
Develop an argument in which the presented claims are justified by the use of ethical argumentation and the relevant literature;
To present this argument in an oral presentation in class in front of the instructor and their student colleagues.
1, 3
4, 5
Individual written essay
The individual final essay must show that the student has the capacity to read and carefully study the suggested bibliography and the ability to apply it to case-studies;
The individual final essay will be about the ethical issues associated to technologies that require to have developed critical skills in analyzing technical problems with the tools provided by ethical theories and argumentation.
1, 2
3, 4, 5

Ibo van de Poel, Lambèr Royakkers, Ethics, Technology, and Engineering: An Introduction (second edition), Editore: Wiley-Blackwell, Anno edizione: 2023, ISBN: 978-1-119-87943-5
Mattia Andreoletti, Daniele Chiffi, Philosophy of Risk, Editore: Cambridge University Press, Anno edizione: 2027
Note: If not yet published, an advanced draft of the book will be made available to students.
Behnam Taebi, Ethics and Engineering. An Introduction, Editore: Cambridge University Press, Anno edizione: 2021, ISBN: 9781316628409

This course deals with the application of ethical theories to problems created, aggravated, or transformed by technology (broadly construed). It aims at showing how the processes of technology design, development, management, control, and production are i nherently moral. It intends to give students a chance, and the proper conceptual resources, to reflect on the ethical, social, and cultural impact of technological applications.
The course includes lectures by the instructor, workshops, and student presentations. Class participation is warmly encouraged. Students are expected to critically reflect on what they learn during the course, share ideas and insights during class discussions and activities, and put theory into practice.

Dublin Descriptors
Expected learning outcomes
Knowledge and understanding
Students will:
Acquire a broad perspective on the ethical and social impacts and implications of science and technology;
Be acquainted with normative ethics and normative argumentation;
Learn how to recognize and analyze ethical and social aspects and issues inherent in some technological applications;
Be able to understand how technical problems are inherently connected to a social dimension within a socio-technical perspective.
Applying knowledge and understanding
Students will:
Be able to use critical skills in clarifying and ethically analyzing case-studies involving technology;
Be able to apply ethical theories to problems created, aggravated or transformed by current technologies;
Be able to explore and assess possibilities for solving or diminishing existing and emerging ethical and social problems.
Making judgements
Students will be able:
To autonomously and critically analyze the ethical issues raised by a given technology;
To evaluate and select the appropriate knowledge in the effort of elaborating and justifying a philosophical argument on a topic autonomously selected.
Communication
Students will learn to:
Exercise and improve their skills in a critical writing;
Present in an effective way the results of their research, being able to justify their choices.
Lifelong learning skills
Students will:
Be better prepared to their future professional life in an ethically and socially responsible way;
Be able to analyze problems through an ethical lens.

The course will cover different topics both from a theoretical and a more practical point of view. After a broad introduction on the ethical significance of Technology and Engineering, the course will first discuss traditional topics in Engineering Ethics, such as Professional Ethics, the notion of Responsibility, the Problem of Many Hands, and Whistleblowing. Secondly, the course will focus on Technology Ethics by analyzing the Non-Neutrality of Technology, Value Mediation, and Design Ethics. Once the ethical significance of Engineering and Technology is clarified, the course will provide tools to appropriately discuss moral problems by introducing Normative Ethical Theories (Consequentialism, Deontology, Virtue Ethics) and specifying their function in Applied Ethics. As a conclusive step, the overarching value of Sustainability will be examined, its main components investigated, and related ethical challenges debated.
Workshop activities held throughout the course will explore the most fundamental notion of Technological Mediation.
Class sessions will be dedicated to supervise students in the development of the individual final essay in order for it to meet the standards required by scientific publications.

Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, individuale, con revisioni periodiche, senza presentazione/discussione finale
Altro
Type of assessment
Description
Dublin descriptor
Collective presentations
[Mandatory only for 5 CFU]
Students are encouraged to:
Develop an argument in which the presented claims are justified by the use of ethical argumentation and the relevant literature;
Discuss this argument in an oral presentation in class in front of the instructor and their student colleagues.
1, 3
4, 5
Individual written essay
The individual final essay must show that the student has the capacity to read and carefully study the suggested bibliography and the ability to apply it to case-studies or relevant topics;
The individual final essay requires students to have developed critical skills in analyzing technical problems with the tools provided by ethical theories and argumentation.
1, 2
3, 4, 5

Ibo van de Poel, Lambèr Royakkers, Ethics and Engineering: An Introduction, Editore: Wiley-Blackwell, Anno edizione: 2011
Sven Ove Hansson (Ed.), The Ethics of Technology. Methods and Approaches., Editore: Rowman & Littlefield, Anno edizione: 2017
Batya Friedman, David G. Hendry, Value Sensitive Design: Shaping Technology with Moral Imagination, Editore: The MIT Press, Anno edizione: 2019
Behnam Taebi, Ethics and Engineering. An Introduction., Editore: Cambridge University Press, Anno edizione: 2021
Sven Nyholm, This is Technology Ethics: An Introduction., Editore: Wiley-Blackwell, Anno edizione: 2023

L'insegnamento di Failure Analysis e Ingegneria Forense si propone di introdurre gli studenti ai fenomeni di cedimento e di degrado in esercizio di componenti, macchine e impianti (cedimenti duttili, sovraccarichi, cedimenti fragili, infragilimenti, scoppi ed esplosioni, incendi, fatica, corrosione, usura, creep), nonchè di proporre alcune tematiche di natura legale ed assicurativa che hanno implicazione nelle problematiche d'esercizio di componenti, macchine e impianti.
Le tematiche trattate nell'insegnamento verranno svolte considerando sia gli aspetti teorici che i casi applicativi, prendendo in esamine le caratteristiche meccaniche/metallurgiche dei semilavorati (materiali, trattamenti, rivestimenti, ecc.), gli aspetti progettuali, i criteri di fabbricazione e le condizioni di esercizio.

The course is intended to provide an introduction to the so-called “Formulation Engineering”, i.e. the part of the production process directly affecting the end-use properties of the final product not necessarily modifying the corresponding production recipe.

To pass the exam the student should:

• know the main principles of formulation technology, colloid chemistry and interface chemistry
• apply colloid and interface chemistry principles to a particular case study
• comment critically results obtained

The course contents are organized into two main parts:

• first part where the major physic-chemical phenomena behind the formulation of a product are discussed. Namely, the key features of the colloidal systems and of the corresponding interfacial properties are presented, with special emphasis on liquid-liquid emulsions, microemulsions and foams, powders and systems involving solid particles. In all cases, main issues related to dispersed systems (preparation, stabilization and rheology) are treated with detail;
• second part where the fundamental principles discussed in the first part are applied to different industrial processes. Namely, the best recipes and operating conditions aimed to control and optimize the following products are thoroughly presented: detergents, cosmetics, pharmaceutical products, food and agricultural products. This second part is actually developed through “study cases” in order to provide the students with closer contact with the industrial practice.
  In particular the topics are:
• Colloidal dispersions
• Tensides
• Emulsions
• Foams
• Click chemistry
• Hydrogels
• Suspensions
• Solid form and instant product

Prova orale obbligatoria
Oral examination with discussion of a report on a particular case study
In this discussion the attention will be focused on the application of formulation technology principles and the critical comment of results obtained.

H. Mollet, A. Grubenmann,, Formulation Technology, Editore: Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (2001)

L'obiettivo principale di questo corso è fornire una valutazione quantitativa delle maggiori sfide ambientali e delle loro ripercussioni sul funzionamento dei sistemi economici e umani. Un focus particolare sarà dato a due sfide ambientali globali che rappresentano due tra i maggiori rischi affrontati dalle nostre società: il cambiamento climatico e l'inquinamento atmosferico. Il corso presenta il loro impatto su diverse sfere economico-sociali e individuerà politiche e soluzioni per mitigare la loro influenza, dal punto di vista dei governi, delle aziende private e dei cittadini. Il focus geografico sarà globale, analizzando sia le economie industrializzate che i paesi in via di sviluppo. Il corso mira anche a trasmettere metodologie di econometria e data science per analizzare le relazioni causali tra le sfide ambientali globali e gli esiti socio-economici. Durante il corso, gli studenti impareranno l'applicazione di metodi sperimentali (ovvero studi randomizzati controllati) e non sperimentali (Dif-in-Dif, dati panel, Regression Discontinuity Design) per la valutazione dell'impatto. Si discuterà anche di come i big data provenienti da sensori intelligenti, osservazioni satellitari, ecc. possano aiutare a identificare le cause del cambiamento ambientale globale e mitigare il loro impatto. Ciò avverrà principalmente attraverso la presentazione di articoli accademici e casi di studio e lavori di gruppo applicati.

With increasing quantities of goods moving across the globe, growing environmental regulatory pressures and increasing customers’ expectations, sustainable logistics has now become one of the key business areas for companies to compete, be successful and thrive in nowadays business environment. The course aims to provide students with the capabilities to master advanced managerial issues related to Sustainable Logistics operations. Understanding the environmental impact of complex logistics systems, identifying the practices and actions that can be undertaken by managers to embrace more sustainable logistics strategies and design greener logistics networks, becoming aware of the tools and methods for sustainability quantification, analysing the company’s green logistics performance over a set of relevant KPIs will be among the key topics.
The course fits into the overall program curriculum pursuing some of the defined general learning goals. In particular, the course contributes to the development of the following capabilities:
Understand context, functions, processes in a business and industrial environment and the impact of those factors on business performance
Identify trends, technologies and key methodologies in a specific domain (specialization streams)
Design solutions applying a scientific and engineering approach (Analysis, Learning, Reasoning, and Modelling capability deriving from a solid and rigorous multidisciplinary background) to face problems and opportunities in a business and industrial environment

Understand and describe:
the main green logistics strategies and their consistency with the general company strategy
the main practices and actions that can be undertaken in the arena of green logistics, with reference to key aspects such as network design, transport, warehousing, and logistics innovation
the main methodologies for sustainability quantification and company’s green logistics performance analysis
Apply the theories, models, principles and criteria to understand and address real-world problems related to green logistics
Design and illustrate innovative sustainable logistics solutions in new fields (e.g. sustainable B2c eCommerce and last mile delivery)

Sustainability in Logistics as a strategic priority for companies. Definition of Green Logistics. Evolution of the concept over time. Triple Bottom Line (TBL) and SDG frameworks. Types of environmental impact. Green logistics and corporate strategy.
Assessing Green Logistics: frameworks and quantification methods. Guidelines, metrics and measures. GHG Protocol, ISO standards, GLEC framework. The carbon footprint of logistics activities.
Sustainable logistics network and green transport. Design and management of green logistics networks. The role of transport in greening logistics networks and types of sustainable transport solutions. Cost, service and sustainability performance. Sustainability performance quantification.
Green warehousing. Energy-efficient solutions for warehousing. Best practices and impacts on corporate performance. Assessment of the environmental impact of logistics sites. Systems for monitoring green performances (e.g. ‘Green IT’).
Sustainability strategies for city logistics and last mile deliveries. Innovative last mile delivery solutions. Impacts on efficiency, effectiveness and environmental sustainability. City logistics networks. Crowdsourcing logistics in urban environment. Relationship between service level and sustainability.
New models of collaboration towards sustainability. Collaborative practices. The role of logistics service providers (LSPs) in improving sustainability.
The impact of logistics on social sustainability. Logistics solutions for reducing food waste.
Innovation in logistics and sustainability implications. B2c eCommerce. Sustainable packaging. Reverse Logistics. Logistics 4.0 and sustainability.
The Green Logistics course leverages the following teaching methodologies:
Theoretical lessons, i.e. “traditional” lessons to provide the students with both a deep knowledge on green logistics systems/processes and criteria, methods and tools to design and manage sustainable logistics systems (ILOs 1, 2)
Practical lessons, i.e. lessons going through structured exercises to let the students apply what has learnt been during the theoretical lessons (ILO 2)
Seminars, i.e. lectures given by external guests (top managers from multinational companies and international experts) to provide the students with strong connections with the real applications of what has been learnt during the lessons (ILOs 1, 2, 3)

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i facoltativo (a scelta dello studente), di gruppo, senza revisioni periodiche, senza presentazione/discussione finale
The final exam consists of a written examination (mandatory) and a group assignment (optional/on a voluntary basis).
Written exam
The written exam is individual and structured into:
Theoretical Questions: open questions where the students have to be able to both present/describe green logistics strategies/solutions and apply them to specific contexts/problems (ILOs 1, 2, 3)
Quantitative Exercises: practical exercises with numbers where students are required to apply the methods learnt during the course (ILOs 1, 2)
Group assignment
The group assignment is optional (not mandatory) and can be carried out in small groups. It consists of a real business case to be discussed in terms of as-is process analysis and identification/ proposal of logistics strategies and solutions for improving the overall sustainability performance. The evaluation of the assignment is between 0-3 points to be added to the final mark of the written exam (ILOs 1, 2, 3).
The teaching material consists of: (i) a set of slides supporting the in-class lectures; (ii) practical lessons/exercises; (iii) selected references (e.g. selection of papers and book chapters). All the material will be available before the related lesson on WeBeep.

A. McKinnon, M. Browne, M. Piecyk, A. Whiteing, Green logistics: improving the environmental sustainability of logistics, Editore: Kogan Page, Anno edizione: 2015, ISBN: 978-0749471859
D.B. Grant, A. Trautrims, C.Y. Wong, Sustainable logistics and supply chain management: principles and practices for sustainable operations and management, Editore: Kogan Page, Anno edizione: 2017, ISBN: 978-0749468668

The present course is designed in collaboration with Altagamma to illustrate the fundamentals of the luxury sector while creating concrete links between theory and practice in the key processes along the value chain of high-end and luxury goods companies. Several case studies will be discussed, with particular emphasis on leading luxury companies, to understand the most relevant, critical, and future-facing perspectives. The course approach will be based on dynamic conversations, real case discussions, and interactive industrial relations to allow participants to visualize the key principles of High-End and Luxury Management applied in practice.
A note on Altagamma:
Since 1992, Altagamma Foundation gathers High-End Italian Cultural and Creative Companies, recognized globally as authentic ambassadors of Italian style. The mission of the Foundation is to increase the competitiveness of the High-End industry, contributing to Italy’s economic growth. Altagamma members operate in multiple sectors among which fashion, design, jewellery, food, hospitality, automotive, yachts and wellness.

Specifically, by the end of the course, participants are expected to have reached the following learning objectives:
To know the fundamentals of the premium and luxury market today, as well as luxury Critical Success Factors, and to be familiar with recent and future market trends in high-end and luxury sectors.
To understand the key theoretical principles behind luxury strategy and management and to see how such principles are transformed into action in real cases across various sectors in luxury.
To evaluate the strategy of a brand, identifying strengths and weaknesses, and be able to clearly communicate to different audiences the points of parity and points of difference of a specific brand in a given market.
To acquire basic definitions (e.g. Manufacturing, Production Process, Supply Chain) as well as an overview of the paramount actors and processes along the supply chain for luxury firms.
To understand the link between (product-related) Luxury Critical Success Factors and the way customer requests are handled and to be able to design a customer-oriented strategy in a luxury company.
To elaborate, with elements of critical and reflective thinking, on the concepts of social and environmental sustainability, such as decarbonisation and just transition, to understand how they can be weaved into luxury.
To be able to apply the contents of the course to a real problem and deliver an effective presentation to industrial stakeholders.

The Luxury Sector Fundamentals:
The origins of the concept of luxury
Facts & Figures: 20 years of Altagamma Monitor
Academic definitions and national approaches (Altagamma, Comité Colbert, Meisterkreis, the Walpole Society)
Where and how is “value” created? Critical Success Factors of a luxury brand; symbolic vs technical brands; from the Veblen effect (never scientifically demonstrated) to Bandwagon and Snob effect; different customer profiles for luxury and high-end products and services.
Anatomy of the Luxury Value Chain:
New Product Development:
Focus on Personal Luxury Goods – Apparel/Footwear/Accessories: New Collection Development; timing and critical aspects
Focus on complex products (cars, yachts, design/furniture): co-design and other collaborations with suppliers
Supply Chain Management (SCM):
Luxury supply chain management: do consolidated models and theories apply?
Make or Buy; sourcing strategies; manufacturing: craftsmanship at the origin of true luxury
Luxury and Sustainable Supply Chain Management
Production and Distribution Planning:
Distribution channels and retail formats; distribution agreements; selecting the most appropriate format
Choice of number of echelons and Order Penetration Point positioning; optimal management of trade-off between stock-out and over-stock (application of the Newsvendor model to the case of Personal Luxury Goods distribution)
Sustainability and Digital Transitions:
Various cases and discussions on the future of luxury amidst trade-offs and tensions at the intersection of sustainability, innovation and operational aspects of luxury.
Future Trends and Change Management in the Context of Luxury:
Various cases and discussions on the future of luxury amidst trade-offs and tensions to build more resilient an future-oriented business and operational strategies.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, senza revisioni periodiche, senza presentazione/discussione finale
Valutazione continua condizionata (a scelta del docente)
One groupwork (on cases or assignments addressed during the semester): 30%
Active classroom participation: 20%
Final written exam ( a case study, to be discussed from a qualitative and quantitative point of view, open book): 5 0%

Brun Alessandro and Cecilia Castelli, Supply chain strategy in the fashion industry: Developing a portfolio model depending on product, retail channel and brand." International Journal of Production Economics, Anno edizione: 2013
Brun Alessandro and Antonella Moretto, "Contract design and supply chain management in the luxury jewellery industry." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Anno edizione: 2012
Brun Alessandro and Moretto Antonella, Organisation and supply chain for quality control in luxury companies. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management., Anno edizione: 2014
Karaosman Hakan, Marshall Donna and Ward Irene, For the many not the few: introducing just transition for supply chain management, Editore: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS & PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT, Anno edizione: 2023
Karaosman Hakan and Marshall Donna, Impact pathways: just transition in fashion operations and supply chain management, Editore: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS & PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT, Anno edizione: 2023
Karaosman Hakan, Marshall Donna and Villena Veronica, Chrysalis of crisis: Covid-19 as a catalyst for awakening power and justice in a luxury fashion supply chain, Editore: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS & PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT, Anno edizione: 2023
Karaosman, Hakan, Perry, Patsy, Brun, Alessandro and Morales-Alonso, Gustavo, Behind the runway: Extending sustainability in luxury fashion supply chains, Editore: JOURNAL OF BUSINESS RESEARCH, Anno edizione: 2020
Brun Alessandro and Karaosman Hakan, Customer influence on supply chain management strategies: An exploratory investigation in the yacht industry, Editore: BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT JOURNAL, Anno edizione: 2019
Love Ranga, The Ghost of Luxury
Kapferer, Bastien, The Luxury Strategy: break the rules of marketing to build luxury brands
Chevalier, Gutsatz, Luxury Retail Management: how the world's top brands provide quality product & service support
Rigaud, Pini, New Luxury Management: Creating and managing sustainable value across the organization

Scopo del corso è di offrire una lettura storica del percorso evolutivo dell'impresa europea nei suoi snodi fondamentali, con particolare riguardo all'innovazione tecnologica. In questa prospettiva sarà collocata anche la storia dell'impresa italiana riferita alle esperienze sia delle maggiori imprese private (Fiat, Olivetti, Pirelli) sia dell'impresa pubblica (Iri), soffermandosi infine sulle ragioni della caduta delle imprese di grandi dimensioni e sull'affermazioni di forme di capitalismo "intermedio". Nella sua parte finale il corso insisterà sulla continuità dei caratteri dell'impresa europea, domandandosi se, all'interno di uno scenario post- globale come l'attuale, essa abbia la possibilità di continuare il percorso lungo il proprio asse o se invece emerga l'opportunità di una contaminazione con altre esperienze modulate da differenti contesti storici.

The course fits into the overall program curriculum, pursuing some of the defined general learning goals. In particular, the course contributes to the development of the following capabilities:
Understand context, functions, processes in a business and industrial environment, and the impact of those factors on business performance.
Design solutions applying a scientific and engineering approach (Analysis, Learning, Reasoning, and Modeling capability deriving from a solid and rigorous multidisciplinary background) to face problems and opportunities in a business and industrial environment.
Interact in a professional, responsible, effective, and constructive way in a working environment, also motivating group members.

The student successfully taking this course is expected to:
Understand the context and the problem to solve or the opportunity to improve.
Apply scientific methods and tools to collect data, analyse them in a structured way to find the root causes of the problem, creatively design innovative countermeasures, implement them, check the results, and take consequent actions.
Interact with other members of the team who are working on the problem and with the other people involved in a constructive way.
Thus, developing strong analytical skills, and the ability to generate innovative solutions, all this by addressing real companies problems with real data, thus practicing to work in an improvement-prone environment with a strong innovative mindset.

TOOLBOX
To provide analytical and problem-solving tools to manage the improvement and innovation activities in a company:
A framework for problem setting and problem-solving: the famous A3 of Toyota Business Practice.
Measurement System Analysis
Analysis and graphical representation of a data set
Design of Experiment (DOE)
Simulation and Digital Twins
Data Analytics, Clustering, Factor Analysis, ANOVA
Creative Thinking
Multicriteria decision making, AHP
Test of Hypothesis

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Prova orale condizionata (a scelta del docente)
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, senza revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
Mandatory group (2 members) assignment due about 8 weeks after the course starts (30% of the final grade).
Mandatory individual written exam at the end of the course (during the exam session) using a computer and software (70% of the final grade).
The exam will be on tools and methods. It consists of multiple-choice questions and 2-3 exercises that present the quantitative analysis of a current company situation. The student is required to understand the problem, identify the correct analytical tools to use, apply them to find the causes of the problem, and discuss the findings. One or more questions may be related to: a) proposing a solution (countermeasures to solve the problem) and discussing it, or b) an open question on the topics presented in the course.

"Obiettivo del corso è di introdurre alla gestione degli asset industriali come una metodologia integrata per ottimizzare la gestione degli asset fisici lungo il ciclo di vita. Definita oggi come "le attività coordinate di un'organizzazione per generare valore dagli asset" (ISO 55000), l'Asset Management offre un focus primario su una prospettiva strategica di lungo termine, orchestrando decisioni e attività nei vari stadi del ciclo di vita degli asset industriali. Il corso indirizza l'evoluzione della disciplina nella gestione attraverso diversi settori, includendo gli impianti manifatturieri, le flotte di asset, le infrastrutture come casi di applicazione.
Una particolare attenzione sarà data alle capacità per una pratica sistematica e coordinata al fine di una gestione sostenibile degli asset fisici di una organizzazione, e di prestazioni, rischi e costi associati lungo il loro ciclo di vita, con l'obiettivo di contribuire al raggiungimento del piano strategico organizzativo. Questo è possibile grazie alla co-evoluzione dei bisogni e requisiti, nuove pratiche nelle operations, e l'uso di tecnologie abilitanti specialmente dovute alla digitalizzazione. Il corso combina pratiche tecnologiche, organizzative, manageriali per un approccio ingegnerizzato alla gestione del ciclo di vita, focalizzandosi sulla valutazione di prestazioni e costi in scenari incerti, e considerando requisiti di affidabilità, disponibilità, qualità, sicurezza, e produttività di sistema."

The goal of the course is to provide energy engineers with a broad introduction to the fundamentals of ecology, as well as to discuss the applications of this discipline to the problems related to industrial production, with a particular focus on the ecological impacts of human activities at both local and global scales.

Upon completing the course, the students will gain a thorough knowledge and understanding of

• the principles of ecological organization and how human activities can interfere with ecological processes;
• the flows of energy and matter in ecosystems, with a specific focus on global biogeochemical cycles and their relation with global climate change;
• the basic mechanisms that govern population dynamics, with a special emphasis on human demography;
• the concept of sustainability, and how to promote sustainable practices in the management of natural resources and industrial systems.
  The students will be able to apply the concepts outlined above to
• assess the status of ecological systems by using suitable biodiversity indexes;
• evaluate energy/matter flows in ecosystems by formulating simple quantitative balances;
• describe population dynamics by applying demographic methods and models;
• design sustainable management scheme for natural resources and assess the environmental impact of industrial production.
  Students will also be guided towards making up their own judgement about engaging topics of broad and urgent interest, specifically concerning the impact of anthropic activities on ecosystem integrity, diversity and services and on global climate change, with the overarching goal of promoting sustainable practices in human societies and industrial systems.

What is ecology and why it is important

• fundamentals of ecology and physical geography
• global environmental challenges
• biodiversity: basic concepts, measures, threats
• measuring the value of nature: ecosystem services
  Ecosystem functioning
• basic ecosystem processes and their measurement
• energy and matter flows within and between ecosystems
• ecosystem structure: trophic networks, ecological efficiencies, energy pyramids
• biogeochemical cycles: general notions, the carbon cycle and its implications for global climate change, the nitrogen cycle, hints to other cycles
• the flow of toxic chemicals in ecosystems: principles of ecotoxicology, phenomenological and quantitative aspects
  Population dynamics and demography
• basic concepts, Malthusian dynamics, growth rates
• age- and size-structured populations: demographic indicators and dynamics
• human demography: age pyramids, local and global projections, demographic transitions
• density dependence: interference/exploitative competition, positive density dependence
  Sustainability
• the environmental, social, and economic dimensions of sustainability
• measuring sustainability: indicators and trade-offs
• sustainable management of renewable resources: maximum sustainable yield and optimal harvesting policies
• basic notions of bioeconomics: open-access resources, the tragedy of the commons, regulation methods
• environmental impacts of industrial production: energy and material flow analysis, basics of circular economy, industrial systems as ecological networks
  These topics will be covered in succession and will be accompanied by tutorial classes, during which students will be required to solve numerical exercises.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Valutazione continua facoltativa (a scelta dello studente)
Assessment is performed through a mandatory final written test covering all the topics discussed in the course, to be taken during one of the official exam sessions. Tests include both quantitative exercises (typically four) and conceptual questions (typically in a true/false format). The conceptual part of each test may be substituted with the voluntary participation to flash quizzes proposed during the course. A 0-32 scale is used to grade tests. The exam is considered as passed with a grade ≥18/32. Formal correctness, numerical accuracy, and exposition clarity contribute to the final grade.
Specifically, the final written test will evaluate the students' ability to

• apply biodiversity measures to real or realistic field data;
• formulate energy and matter balances to study exchanges within and between ecosystems;
• evaluate demographic indicators for structured populations and study population dynamics through mechanistic models;
• use bioeconomic methods to design sustainable management of natural resources.

Course slides and reading material https://webeep.polimi.it/
Ayres, R.U., Ayres, L.W., A Handbook of Industrial Ecology
Ricklefs, R.E., The Economy of Nature
Smith, T.M., Smith, R.L., Elements of Ecology
Socolow, R., Andrews, C., Berkhout, F., Thomas, V., Industrial Ecology and Global Change

Green Chemistry (also known as Chemistry for Sustainability) and Green Engineering are a set of knowledge useful in designing the construction of products, materials, and plants in a manner that has minimal impact on human health and the environment. The course introduce the principles of of these disciplines, providing the tools necessary to quantitatively evaluate different synthetic procedures (chemical and biochemical), industrial risk, and toxicity. Examples from industry, including reaction conditions, alternative solvents, feedstock and intermediates selection, optimization of performance materials, will be discussed as well as emerging trends in bioprocesses and catalysis.
Upon completion of this course you will be able to:
recognize and discuss the major issues related to sustainability
understand the basics of green chemistry/green engineering and recognize green chemical processes and products
understand fundamental considerations on alternative energy sources
understand the nature, reactivity, and environmental fates of toxic organic chemicals
undestand the biochemical basis of biological organisms and the importance of biomass as source of chemicals and energy
undestand the recent trends in industry issues related to sustainability and safety with enphasis on national and international regulations.
understand the societal implications of some environmental problems and the green chemistry proposed solutions

The course is intended to provide students in Engineering Chemistry, Environmental Engineering, Safety Engineering and Material Engineering with an overview of the fundamentals of pollution prevention, green chemistry and green engineering. Students should gain a greater appreciation of how improvements and modifications are being made in both research and manufacturing to maintain and even enhance environmental quality, preventing risks connected with the production and use of harmful or toxic chemicals. It may also assist students and laureates in choosing a professional career in chemical industries and in the environmental-safety sectors. The course includes recent trends in the fundamental re-engineering of chemical process, i.e. process intensification, use of catalysis and non-traditional media and energy sources, green metrics and LCA criteria to evaluate alternative processes and products, etc.. A section is devoted to the role of biomasses as renewable sources that are capable to "green up" the chemical industry and to support sustainable development of the human society, satisfying the demand in energy and materials.At the end of the course, students will have the knowledge to address green and sustainability issues described in the objectives.
In terms of knowledge and understanding (Dublin Descriptor 1), students will be able to:
recognize and discuss the major issues related to sustainability
understand the basics of green chemistry/green engineering and recognize green chemical processes and products
understand fundamental considerations on alternative energy sources
understand the nature, reactivity, and environmental fates of toxic organic chemicals
undestand the biochemical basis of biological organisms and the importance of biomass as source of chemicals and energy
undestand the recent trends in industry issues related to sustainability and safety with enphasis on national and international regulations.
understand the societal implications of some environmental problems and the green chemistry proposed solutions
Regarding the application of the knowledge and understanding acquired (Dulino Descriptor 2), students will be able to:
perform simple green metric calculations on simple chemical reactions
have a broad vision about the issues related to a chemical process and how to move in a more green and sustainable direction
have a broad vision about the issues related to the use of natural resources (fossil and sustainable) and how yo reduce the environmental impact related to their use
Through classroom exercises, students will acquire the ability to make independent judgments (Dublin Descriptor 3), and in particular to:
determine the mass balance and the related green metrics through stoichiometric calculations
formulate hypotheses on how to improve a process or how to choos the best on depending on the effect of experimental variables such as temperature, pressure, solvents, reaction times
evaluate the reasonableness of the result of numerical calculations, based on estimates of the orders of magnitude involved.
Furthermore, students will have improved their communication skills (Dublin 4 Descriptor), using correct technical-scientific terminology to describe green and sustainable materials, their transformations, and energy production.
Finally, students will be able to independently rework, select and summarize (Dublin 5 Descriptor) the concepts relating to the information contained in basic and advanced textbooks, scientific and technical literarure in the field of chemical technologies, in particular in green and sustainable chemistry.

The course is organized in several sections:
1) Sustainability and Principles of Green Chemistry
2) Control of Environmental impact of chemical processes and products,
3) Toxicity,
4) Green metrics,
5) Biopolymers and Natural products,
6) Biotransformation and Biotechnology,
7) Energy Efficiency and Emerging Technologies,
8) Process Intensification,
9) Solvent and feedstock selection,
10) Catalysis for Sustainable Chemistry,
11) Product and Process Alternatives
Description of topics
1) Sustainability of raw materials and energy sources: renewable and not renewable resources – survey of main concerns – 12 Principles of Green Chemistry and Green Engineering – tools and methodologies for the assessment of chemical, toxicological and environmental risk – life cycle analysis of products and processes, indicators – green design of chemicals, polymers, and materials.
2) Toxicology – hazard and exposure – toxicity risk assessment
3) Improvement of environmental performance of existing industrial processes – green metrics – greener production of chemical commodities, materials, and fine chemicals from industry
4) Energy – sources, efficiency, safety: fuel types and their environmental impact – hydrogen economy – unconventional energy sources: microwave, ultrasounds, photochemistry and electrochemistry.
5) Biomasses and Cn building blocks – biopolymers and composites.
6) Bio-refinery: transformation of conventional raw materials into commodities – biocatalysis – energy crops – biofuels – solvents and molecular specialties – biotechnological applications.
7) Catalysis in green chemistry: heterogeneous catalysis (acid, metal, micellar, phase transfer) – supported reagents – homogeneous catalysis – biocatalysis.
8) Alternative solvents for Green Chemistry: VOC – supercritical fluids – ionic/eutectic liquids – gas expanded liquids – polymeric liquids.
9) Mechanical, thermal and chemical recycling: effluent and waste minimization and control – durability of products and materials – recycle of plastics.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, con prove in itinere
Exams consist in the evaluation of how the topics discussed during the course are approached by the student, and includes exercises on green metrics, question about the organic chemistry concepts important in green chemistry, and open questions. There is an intermediate exam in november (written) regarding the first part of the course and the second part (written), together with the full exam (written) in january. The students that pass the first part can do the second part, the other students they will do the full exam. It is a choice of the student, to refuse the first part even if positive (>= 18) an do the full exam. All the other written exames will cover the full program of the course. The student that pass the first part in november can take the second part in january, or february, or june, or july, or september; to pass the whole exam, aslo the grade of the second part has to be >=18, if it is lower, the student has to repeat the full exam.

P.T. Anastas, J.C. Warner, Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Editore: Oxford Un. Press, Anno edizione: 2000
Note: Testo Introsuttivo
L. Constable, D. Constable,, Green Chemistry Metrics: Measuring and Monitoring Sustainable Processes, Editore: Wiley, Anno edizione: 2009
Note: testo generale
M. Doble, A.Kumar, Green Chemistry and Engineering, Editore: Academic Press, Anno edizione: 2007, ISBN: 0123725321
Handbook of Green Chemistry, Editore: Wiley VCH, Weinheim, Anno edizione: 2013, ISBN: 978-3-527-33710-1
Note: Set I: Green Catalysis, (Vol. 1: Homogeneous - 2: Heterogeneous - 3: Biocatalysis);
II: Green Solvents (- Vol. 4: Supercritical Solvents -: Reactions in Water - 6: Ionic Liquids);
III: Green Processes (Vol. 7: Green Synthesis - 8: Green Nanoscience - 9: Designing Safer Chemicals)

This course covers empirical strategies aimed at answering economic research questions. The course illustrates several applied econometric models, and develops the skills needed to plan and carry on empirical research projects. Since most applied economic research examines questions with direct policy or managerial implications, this course will clarify the difference between correlation and causal links. Purely predictive methods, grounded in correlation and regression analysis will be presented and compared with alternative estimation techniques (such as instrumental variables) more focused on the analysis of causal effects. The goal of the course is to provide valuable econometric tools for students majoring in several fields, from micro/macro/international/industrial economics to finance, and management.
The course fits into the overall program curriculum pursuing some of the defined general learning goals. In particular, the course contributes to the development of the following capabilities:
Identify trends, technologies and key methodologies in a specific domain (specialization streams)
Design solutions applying a scientific and engineering approach (Analysis, Learning, Reasoning, and Modeling capability deriving from a solid and rigorous multidisciplinary background) to face problems and opportunities in a business and industrial environment

With respect to the first learning goal, at the end of the course students will be able to:
Understand in depth the key aspects of the linear regression model and the relevance of the underlying standard assumptions
Understand the variants of the linear regression model to be used when the standard assumptions do not hold
Understand why the linear regression model is not appropriate when the dependent variable is discrete, truncated or censored and which are the appropriate models to be used in those cases
With respect to the second learning goal, at the end of the course students will be able to:
Select the appropriate econometric model to be applied in practical economic situations.
Interpret the output of econometric packages implementing econometric models
Test the validity of the underlying assumptions for each model
Use econometric models to support economic decisions

Overview
The agenda includes regression, instrumental variables, differences-in-differences, probit, logit, tobit, survival analysis. One of the goals is to equip students with working knowledge of the tools of probability and statistics, skills in data handling and statistical programming, and an understanding of the models and methods of applied econometrics. To this aim, problem sets with both analytical and computer-exercise components will be a relevant part of the course. The cases will be illustrated and discussed using the open source econometric package Gretl ( gretl.sourceforge.net ).
Main topics
0. Basics refresher: estimation and testing theory, matrix algebra
1. The linear multiple regression model under standard assumptions: estimation through Ordinary Least Squares, reading and interpreting the regression output, using the model for prediction.
2. Checking assumptions of the regression model: functional form, multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation, non-normality
3. Using the model to investigate causal relationships: omitted variables, endogenous regressors and the method of instrumental variables
4. Using the model to analyze the effectiveness of policies and managerial choice: the differences-in-differences method
5. Analysis of binary variables (probit and logit models)
6. Analysis of categorical variables (multinomial logit models)
7. Analysis of ordinal variables (ordered probit models)
8. Analysis of count variables (Poisson regression)
9. Analysis of truncated and censored variables (Tobit models)
10. Analysis of durations (survival model

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i facoltativo (a scelta dello studente), individuale, senza revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
(i) Written exam (80 minutes, weight 60%). The written exam is based on two exercises (the first is on the topics 1 to 4 illustrated above; the second is on the topics 5 to 10). The main purpose of the written exam is to assess the achievement of the second learning goal and the associated learning objectives (ability to select the appropriate model to answer research questions, to read the output of econometric packages, to perfom the appropriate tests, to use the models to support economic decisions)
(ii) Oral exam (15 minutes, weight 40%). The main purpose of the oral exam is to assess the achievement of the first learning goal and the associated learning objectives (understanding of the main theoretical aspects of econometric models). The oral exam has to be taken after the written exam, not necessarily in the same call.
(iii) Non-compulsory team project work (2 students): a paper about 10/15 pages long, where some of the techniques illustrated in the course is applied to a real problem; the paper has to be illustrated in a 30 minutes presentation, possibly via skype; the project work may increase the final mark by at most 2/30. The project work gives you the opportunity to get an hands-on perspective on the discipline. Highly recommended if you plan to include econometric models in your final thesis, or if you think that a deep understanding of statistics in general and econometrics in particular is a valuable asset for your future.

William Greene, Econometric Analysis, 7th Ed., Editore: Pearson, Anno edizione: 2012, ISBN: 9780131395381 http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~wgreene/Text/econometricanalysis.htm
Note: selected chapters

Gli odori rappresentano una delle principali cause di impatto ambientale percepito dalle comunità e costituiscono una sfida sempre più rilevante nella progettazione e gestione di impianti industriali e di trattamento dei rifiuti e delle acque. Il corso di Laboratorio di Caratterizzazione e Modellazione delle Emissioni Odorigene introduce gli studenti ai metodi e agli strumenti utilizzati per analizzare, quantificare e prevedere la diffusione degli odori industriali nell’ambiente.
Attraverso le attività di aula relative allo sviluppo di un caso studio, gli studenti acquisiranno familiarità con le principali tecniche di campionamento e caratterizzazione delle emissioni odorigene, comprendendone i principi di funzionamento, i limiti applicativi e il ruolo nel monitoraggio ambientale.
Il corso approfondirà inoltre l’utilizzo di modelli matematici e strumenti di simulazione per lo studio della dispersione degli odori in atmosfera, consentendo di valutare l’impatto delle sorgenti emissive sul territorio e di interpretare i risultati nell’ambito di studi ambientali e procedure autorizzative.
Al termine del corso, gli studenti saranno in grado, attraverso la presentazione di un progetto di gruppo, di comprendere il percorso che va dalla misura delle emissioni odorigene alla valutazione del loro impatto, integrando dati sperimentali e strumenti modellistici per affrontare problematiche reali di gestione e controllo degli odori.

Al termine del laboratorio progettuale, gli studenti saranno in grado di raccogliere, elaborare e interpretare dati relativi alle emissioni odorigene e al loro impatto sul territorio, applicando in modo integrato le conoscenze teoriche e gli strumenti operativi acquisiti durante il corso.
In particolare, gli studenti svilupperanno un progetto di gruppo finalizzato alla valutazione dell'impatto olfattivo di un impianto reale o simulato. Il progetto comprenderà l'analisi delle sorgenti emissive, la caratterizzazione delle emissioni odorigene, l'applicazione di modelli di dispersione atmosferica e la valutazione delle potenziali ricadute sul territorio circostante.
Al termine dell'attività progettuale, gli studenti saranno in grado di presentare criticamente i risultati ottenuti, discutendo le principali crititità, le incertezze dell'analisi e le possibili strategie di mitigazione dell'impatto odorigeno.

Introduzione alle emissioni odorigene e al loro impatto ambientale.
Quadro normativo e linee guida per la valutazione dell'impatto odorigeno.
Fondamenti di olfattometria dinamica e misura della concentrazione di odore.
Tecniche di campionamento delle emissioni odorigene.
Caratterizzazione delle sorgenti emissive puntuali, superficiali e diffuse.
Introduzione ai composti responsabili delle emissioni odorigene e alle tecniche analitiche di supporto.
Principi di dispersione degli inquinanti in atmosfera.
Modelli di dispersione atmosferica applicati alle emissioni odorigene.
Analisi e interpretazione dei risultati modellistici.
Indicatori di impatto odorigeno e criteri di accettabilità.
Elaborazione di mappe di impatto olfattivo sul territorio.
Strategie di prevenzione, contenimento e mitigazione delle emissioni odorigene.
Sviluppo di un progetto di gruppo per la valutazione dell'impatto odorigeno di un impianto e presentazione dei risultati.

Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
La valutazione finale del laboratorio progettuale sarà basata sull'esposizione orale, svolta in gruppo, del progetto sviluppato durante il corso.
Nel corso della presentazione verranno valutati la correttezza dell'approccio metodologico adottato, la capacità di analizzare e interpretare i risultati ottenuti, la qualità della presentazione tecnica e l'efficacia della discussione delle criticità e delle conclusioni emerse dallo studio di impatto odorigeno.
Particolare attenzione sarà dedicata alla capacità degli studenti di integrare le attività di caratterizzazione delle emissioni con gli strumenti di modellazione e di comunicare in modo chiaro e rigoroso i risultati del progetto.

Il corso si propone di fornire agli studenti una solida preparazione teorico-pratica nell’ambito della chimica analitica, con particolare enfasi sulle tecniche strumentali più comuni e sul loro impiego nel contesto del controllo qualità. L’obiettivo principale è sviluppare la capacità di selezionare, applicare e interpretare in modo critico le metodologie analitiche più appropriate per l’identificazione e la determinazione quantitativa di composti organici e inorganici in matrici complesse.
L’insegnamento integra le basi concettuali della chimica analitica con l’esperienza diretta in laboratorio. Gli studenti acquisiranno competenze nell’uso di tecniche spettroscopiche, spettrometriche e cromatografiche, imparando a valutare l’affidabilità e la validità dei risultati ottenuti.
Durante il corso verranno inoltre introdotti i principi delle buone pratiche di laboratorio e le modalità di redazione di protocolli analitici. Sono previste 4 sessioni sperimentali di laboratorio, finalizzate all’applicazione operativa delle tecniche studiate, con la determinazione qualitativa o quantitativa di specifici analiti. Tali attività consentiranno agli studenti di acquisire familiarità con la strumentazione analitica e la raccolta dati.

DdD 1: Conoscenza e comprensione
A seguito del superamento dell’esame, lo studente:
conosce i principali metodi chimici e strumentali di analisi e separazione di miscele
conosce i principi di funzionamento delle tecniche strumentali più utilizzate in chimica analitica
conosce in generale le tecniche maggiormente impiegate nel controllo di qualità dell’industria chimica
DdD 2: Capacità di applicare conoscenza e comprensione
A seguito del superamento dell’esame, lo studente:
sa riconoscere l’identità di un semplice composto organico valutando un insieme di caratterizzazioni spettroscopiche e spettrometriche
sa scegliere il metodo analitico più appropriato per l'analisi di un determinato analita
DdD 3, 4 e 5 – Autonomia di giudizio, abilità comunicative e capacità di apprendimento:
è capace di valutare in autonomia l’affidabilità di un metodo analitico e scegliere la tecnica più idonea al problema;
comunica i risultati in modo tecnico, chiaro ed efficace, sia oralmente che per iscritto;
è in grado di aggiornare le proprie competenze nel settore analitico attraverso fonti bibliografiche.

Aspetti generali:
Introduzione alla chimica analitica
Introduzione ai fenomeni di interazione radiazione - materia
Metodi classici: analisi gravimetriche (per precipitazione e per volatilizzazione) e volumetriche (titolazioni, metodo di Kjeldahl; metodi di Mohr e Volhard).
Metodi strumentali:
Spettroscopia UV-Vis e IR
Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare
Tecniche Cromatografiche
Spettrometria di massa
Il linguaggio della chimica analitica:
Analisi, determinazione e misura
Tecniche, metodi, procedure e protocolli
Classificazione delle tecniche analitiche
Selezione di un metodo analitico
Sviluppo della procedura
Stesura del protocollo
Valutazione dei dati analitici
Caratterizzazione delle misure e dei risultati
Caratterizzazione degli errori sperimentali
Esercitazioni di laboratorio su campioni reali e simulati, con elaborazione dati e stesura di relazioni tecniche

Prova scritta condizionata (a scelta del docente), senza prove in itinere
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, individuale, senza revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
La preparazione dello studente sarà valutata tramite una tesina scritta e lo svolgimento di un esercizio di identificazione di un composto incognito, e da un colloquio orale.

Holle-Crouch, Fondamenti di Chimica Analitica, Editore: Edises, Anno edizione: 2023, ISBN: 9788879598651
D. C. Montgomery, Introduction to statistical quality control - VIII Ed., Editore: John Wiley and Sons, ISBN: 978-1119657118

The goal of the course is to enable students understanding innovation and leadership dynamics in order to act as innovative leaders within and across organizations.
The course offers the opportunity to learn frameworks and tools do understand and guide innovative solution and its implementation in real contexts, while experiencing team dynamics and interpersonal relationships.
The course fits into the overall program curriculum pursuing some of the defined general learning goals. In particular, the course contributes to the development of the following capabilities:

• Understand context, functions, processes and performance
• Develop new ideas and solutions in business and industrial scenarios evolving over time
• Interact in a professional, responsible, effective and constructive way in a working environment, also motivating group members
  The course adopts the following innovative teaching methods:
• development of soft skills
• Team projects
• Case study analysis

Lectures, activities and team-based projects will allow students:
-To know and understand the different strategies to foster the innovation process and their applications (lectures)
-To know and understand the different leadership theories and models to comprehend inter-personal processes (lectures)
-To know how to gather and structure relevant information to deepen the knowledge about the context in which an innovation is taking place (project)
-To develop an innovative vision and propose a solution under different constraints (project)
-To improve collaborative attitudes and know relevant drivers to foster team effectiveness (project)
-To communicate effectively an innovative idea (project)

The key topics that will be covered in the course are the following, divided in the two main areas:
Innovation
In this module you will learn how to promote and mange innovation with a strategic perspective, as well a show to manage and lead an innovation process. The module focuses especially on the capabilities of leaders to create innovative visions and to catalyze the resources that are needed to make that vision come through and all the phases, activities and methodologies needed to transform and idea into a product-service solution to be launched in the market. The topics characterizing the module are the following:
o What is innovation, what is its value and its challenges
o The drivers and the timing of innovation
o The innovation strategies and the creation of vision: innovation of meaning and design-driven innovation
o Technology strategy: key technologies, dynamic capabilities, complementary assets, profiting from innovation
o Collaborative and Open Innovation
o Guiding principles and models for managing innovation processes
o Users analysis and users integration in innovation processes
Leadership
In this module you will learn how to develop the capabilities to engage yourself and others in becoming innovative leaders and effectively managing change and innovation in organizational settings. The topics characterizing the module are the following ones:
o What is leadership, what is the difference between leaders and managers
o How to assess people and effectively communicate with collaborators
o The motivational theories that help leaders to trigger others’ commitment
o How to design and lead effective teams; teams roles and dynamics in innovation processes
o Team dynamics: group behaviours, group decision making, conflicts and negotiation, psychological safety
o How to effectively face change and lead innovation in complex organisational settings
The course adopts the following innovative teaching methods:

• development of soft skills
• Team projects
• Case study analysis

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i facoltativo (a scelta dello studente), di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
Evaluation will be based on the two different options in which the course can be followed:
Team-based option:
o Individual written exam
o Individual oral exam
o Team project: Leadership & Innovation Story. Leadership & Innovation Story is a project-based assignment in which students investigate a real organizational innovation through primary (interviews) and secondary data, critically analyzing the case using leadership and innovation theories covered in the course. The project culminates in a written report presenting the case and its analysis
Participation in the activities of the course during class and in terms of contribution to the work of teams will be also evaluated through a bonus/malus mechanism.
Individual-based option:
o Individual written exam
o Individual oral exam
o Individual assignment: Leadership & Innovation Story. Leadership & Innovation Story is a project-based assignment in which students investigate a real organizational innovation through primary (interviews) and secondary data, critically analyzing the case using leadership and innovation theories covered in the course. The project culminates in a written report presenting the case and its analysis

Roberto Verganti, Owercrowded: Designing meaningful products in a word awash with ideas, Editore: MIT Press, Anno edizione: 2017, ISBN: 9780262035361
Melissa Schilling, Strategic Management of Technological Innovation, Editore: McGraw-Hill, Anno edizione: 2010, ISBN: 978-0078029233
Kreiter R., and Kinicki, A., Organizational behaviour (11th Edition), Editore: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Anno edizione: 2013

The course is focused on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology.
The aim is twofold: to introduce students to the theoretical fundamentals of the methodology and then to apply them to evaluate the environmental sustainability of materials and industrial processes.
A significant portion of the course will be devoted to applying the LCA methodology to representative real-life cases, mainly taken from chemical, food, and materials industries.
The course is organised as a computer laboratory. The open-source software, OpenLCA, is the tool adopted.
Lectures will be held in classrooms with electrical connections at every desk, and students are required to bring their own laptop computer.

Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
explain the principles and methodological framework of Life Cycle Assessment (DdD1);
use OpenLCA software to perform Life Cycle Assessment studies (DdD2);
select appropriate environmental impact assessment methods and indicators for different assessment goals (DdD2);
apply the LCA methodology to simplified industrial case studies (DdD2);
interpret and critically discuss the results of Life Cycle Assessment studies (DdD2);
critically interpret and evaluate published LCA studies (DdD3).

Sustainability assessment: introductory concepts.
Fundamentals of Life Cycle Thinking (LCT) and Life Cycle Management (LCM)
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): historical background, ISO standards, procedures, applications, data quality and data sources.
Eco-indicators: measurement methods, environmental and damage impact categories, impact quantification; carbon footprint and climate change.
Materials End-of-Life: open and closed-loop recycling, re-use, waste-to-energy, waste-to-materials, waste-to-chemicals, waste management processes.
Use of the software OpenLCA

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
The final assessment consists solely of a written examination, organised in two sections:
Part A: closed questions on theory fundamentals and one case study (half an hour)
Part B: numerical application of the LCA methodology to a simplified case study using the software OpenLCA (2 hours)
The final grade (maximum 33 points) is obtained by combining the scores of Part A (maximum 9 points) and Part B (maximum 24 points). Final grades are then converted to the Italian grading scale, with scores strictly higher than 31.5 awarded 30 cum Laude.
The test will last two and a half hours, with a short 15-minute interval between Part A and Part B.
Part A consists of multiple-choice questions and short-answer questions covering theoretical concepts and one simplified case study. During Part A, no electronic support or any other type of support is allowed.
In Part B, students will perform a simplified Life Cycle Assessment using OpenLCA and answer quantitative questions based on the obtained results. During Part B, students must use their own notebook computer. Printed notes, textbooks and other reference materials are permitted. Students may access online resources during Part B. Mobile phones are not allowed.
There is no limit to the number of examination sessions students may take, and there is no oral examination.
At the end of the course, students may take a voluntary mock examination under exam conditions. The simulation replicates the structure and timing of the official examination and offers an opportunity for self-assessment.
Students are required to bring their own notebook computer for the practical laboratory sessions and for Part B of the final examination.

Walter Klopffer and Birgit Grahl, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) - A Guide to Best Practice, Editore: Wiley-VCH, Anno edizione: 2014, ISBN: 978-3-527-32986-1
Note: Textbook available in the Polimi library as e-book
Michael Z. Hauschild Ralph K. Rosenbaum Stig Irving Olsen, Life Cycle Assessment Theory and Practice, Editore: Springer, Anno edizione: 2018, ISBN: 978-3-319-56474-6 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-56475-3
Reinout Heijungs - Sangwon Suh, The Computational Structure of Life Cycle Assessment, Editore: Springer, Anno edizione: 2002, ISBN: 978-94-015-9900-9

This course is designed to equip students with the concepts and tools of sustainability and impact management in a world increasingly shaped by complex and interdependent challenges. In this evolving context, economic actors are rethinking their strategies, operations, and impact in response to sustainability imperatives that can no longer be addressed through traditional approaches alone. Students will develop radical management mindset and capabilities to engage with the enabling infrastructures, such as regulatory frameworks, measurement systems, technology, and finance mechanisms, that support and guide sustainable transformations. The course provides an updated lens to reinterpret core managerial concepts, including strategy, technology management, finance, and performance measurement, within the context of impact-driven business models and emerging economic paradigms. The course explores evolving market dynamics, corporate models, and entrepreneurial approaches explicitly designed to tackle societal issues while generating positive impact. Through a combination of theoretical insights, case studies, and practical tools, students will learn how strategy, innovation, finance, and impact management systems can be reshaped to serve both social purpose ventures and mainstream organizations committed to sustainability.
By the end of the course, students will be able to interpret the complex and systemic interrelations among societal challenges, technological innovation, market disruptions, and purpose-driven corporate and entrepreneurial models. In particular, the course contributes to the development of the following capabilities:
Understanding the concept of impact and sustainability management and the foundations of purpose-driven corporate and entrepreneurial models. The distinguishing feature of such models is the proactive pursuit of solutions to societal problems along with economic sustainability and profit.
Designing innovative solutions through the application of scientific approaches (Analysis, Learning, Reasoning, and Modeling capability deriving from a solid and rigorous multidisciplinary background) to face societal challenges and seizing related opportunities, developing system-changing ideas, scaling solutions and translating them into long-term oriented, sustainable business models;
Interpreting real-world situations and learning from case studies;
Interacting in a professional, responsible, effective and constructive way in a working environment, also motivating group members.

On completion of the course, students will be able to:
Understand the concept of impact and sustainability management, and how purpose-driven corporate and entrepreneurial models respond to emerging societal challenges and opportunities within the impact economy.
Grasp the foundations and real-world applications of impact and sustainability management as a key driver of systemic transformation.
Reinterpret core managerial notions, such as strategy, technology, performance measurement, and finance, through the lens of purpose, sustainability and impact.
Design innovative, impact-oriented business models for ventures addressing societal challenges, and develop coherent management strategies.
Apply managerial tools and develop competencies to face the specific challenges that characterize organizations committed to tackling societal issues.
Understand the role of technology as an enabler of systemic change and as a strategic asset in sustainability-driven transformation.
Use frameworks and tools to measure and manage organizational performance in relation to societal impacts.
Analyze and compare financial instruments and approaches that aim to generate measurable societal impact alongside financial returns.
Learn how to scale ventures oriented toward societal impact by leveraging ESG criteria, impact finance, and hybrid growth strategies.
Communicate ideas and concepts effectively in both oral and written form, through case study discussions, presentations, and assessments.

I – THE EMERGENCE OF THE IMPACT ECONOMY
Societal challenges and the pursuit of a new form of capitalism
The evolution of management theory and practice through successive waves of capitalism
Emerging infrastructures enabling innovation and management: purpose, sustainability, and impact
Fundamental principles of the impact economy
II – CORPORATE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL APPROACHES TO SUSTAINABILITY AND IMPACT
The role of companies in the transition to an impact economy
Redefining corporate purpose: aligning business with societal value
Legal and organizational frameworks for impact-oriented enterprises
Sustainable and impact-driven business models
Strategies for scaling purpose-driven companies
Technology and innovation as enablers of impact
Impact measurement and management in the corporate context
III – FINANCE FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND IMPACT
The emergence of novel purpose-driven financial approaches
Disintermediation, ethics, and values: alternative finance models
Applying ESG criteria for long-term risk protection: responsible finance
Value-based financial approaches and instruments: sustainable finance
Investing in solutions: microfinance and impact finance
IV – ECOSYSTEMS AND POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND IMPACT
The emerging role of the Entrepreneurial State
New forms of Public-Private Partnerships for impact
Social Innovation Ecosystems as enabler of impact

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Prova orale facoltativa (a scelta dello studente)
Altro
The final test will be:
a MANDATORY written exam for ALL students and it covers the slides, primer, case studies (including testimonials) discussed in class
an OPTIONAL oral exam where students are asked to critically discuss the theoretical concepts and show an original interpretation of the additional readings provided by the Professor.
The assessment is based on the knowledge of the theories and on the student’s ability to prove their understanding of their application in real-world situations.

A Primer in Management for Sustainability and Impact
Note: During the course, a Primer will be provided as well as additional readings and case studies.

The course aims at providing knowledge, skills and tools needed for analyzing, understanding, and assessing strategic decisions about energy management. The course provides students with methods and tools to analyse the context, understand the main trends and phenomena affecting the energy industry, assess the different alternatives a company has in the management of energy, in the light of the ongoing decarbonization path.
The course starts by providing a global framework of the current scenarios characterizing the energy sector and the main evolutionary trends enabling its decarbonization. Then, it focuses on the market and industry dynamics related to “traditional” sources ( oil&gas and electricity sectors ), as well as renewable energy sources (such as photovoltaic and wind energy ). Energy efficiency and the emerging paradigms (also enabled by the spread of digital technologies ) such as smart buildings, energy communities, and smart mobility are further investigated. Finally, two of the most promising emerging options to decarbonize the energy sector are addressed, i.e. energy storage systems and hydrogen. Across the different topics mentioned above, the role of technological innovation and regulatory framework is assessed, as well as the current and emerging market opportunities for companies, to provide students with a comprehensive view and understanding of the phenomena.
The discussion of business cases, together with guest lectures held by executives and managers, will encourage students to examine and get familiar with the abovementioned topics as well as their strategic and practical implications for companies.
The course fits into the overall program curriculum pursuing some of the defined general learning goals. In particular, the course contributes to the development of the following capabilities:

• Understand context, global framework, market and industry dynamics in the energy field and their mutual effects on business, economy, environment and society
• Identify trends, technologies, key methodologies and stakeholders needs in the energy domain

EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES
Dublin Descriptors
MsC Learning goals – Management Engineering
Expected learning outcomes
DdD 1: Knowledge and understanding
Understand context, global framework, market and industry dynamics in the energy field and their mutual effects on business, economy, environment and society
Students will:
Understand and interpret the role of energy management in the current competitive environment and its evolution
Understand the market and industry dynamics in the energy industry
Understand the impact of the technological innovation and of the regulatory framework in the energy field
DdD 2: Applying knowledge and understanding
Identify trends, technologies, key methodologies and stakeholders needs in the energy domain
Students will:
Apply the appropriate tools to analyze the competitive environment in the energy industry
Identify the critical decisions in the management of energy by firms
Discern and select the appropriate strategic approaches to energy management
Identify the main opportunities to launch new businesses in energy domain

Basics of energy & sustainability. The current scenarios characterizing the energy sector.Energy sources and uses at global level; Top Countries in production and use of energy; Evolutionary trends enabling its decarbonization; Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) and other enabling mechanisms.
Market and industry dynamics in the electricity sector. Electricity industry value chain; Electricity markets overview; Power generation technologies: technical and economic performance.
Market and industry dynamics in the Oil&Gas sector. Global Market dynamics; Technologies & Business Models (Revenues, Margins, Organization) in the oil&gas industry; Analysis of top players at global and European level; Decarbonization trends in the Oil&Gas industry.
Market and industry dynamics in the renewable energy sector. Global Market dynamics; Renewable energy technologies overview (e.g., PV, Wind, Hydropower); The evolution of the regulatory framework in Europe related to energy production from renewable energy sources and its impact on industry dynamics; Existing and emerging Business Models (Revenues, Margins, Organization) in the renewable energy industry (e.g., Power Purchase Agreement, Power-to-gas).
Market and industry dynamics in the energy efficiency sector. Global Market dynamics; Energy efficiency technologies overview (e.g.,electric engines, VSDs, building insulation) for buildings and industrial processes. The evolution of the regulatory framework in Europe related to energy consumption and energy efficiency (incentives, obligations, certifications) and its impact on industry dynamics; Existing and emerging Business Models (Revenues, Margins, Organization) in the energy efficiency industry (e.g., Energy Performance Contracts).
Smart Ecosystems. The role of digital technologies in the energy domain; Integrating new technologies for producing, using and storing energy in local environments (energy communities) as well as in buildings (smart buildings). Business cases and examples of energy communities and smart buildings.
E-mobility. Emerging trends (e.g., electrification, sharing, autonomous driving) that are reshaping "traditional" mobility towards "smart mobility"; e-mobility enabling technologies overview (e.g., e-cars, charging infrastructure); the evolution of the regulatory framework in Europe related to electric vehicles and its impact on industry dynamics; Existing and emerging Business Models (Revenues, Margins, Organization) in the electric vehicles charging services (e.g., Charging Point Operators, Mobility Service Providers).
Cross-sectoral decarbonization enablers. Hydrogen and energy storage systems: global market dynamics; technologies and production processes overview (e.g., blue hydrogen via CCUS, green hydrogen via electrolizer); the evolution of the regulatory framework in Europe related to hydrogen and its impact on industry dynamics; existing and emerging business models.
The course leverages the following teaching methodologies:
Traditional lessons, providing theoretical background
Seminars with company guest speakers
Group work on a company problem (project work)

Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i facoltativo (a scelta dello studente), di gruppo, senza revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
The final course evaluation is based on:
Oral exam: it is based on the topics of the course and is intended to evaluate a student’s ability to discuss and link different topics.
Project work: The project should take the form of a systematic analysis of one of the topic covered in the course (or close to the ones covered in the course), by making use of the methods and tools introduced and discussed in class; it is to be implemented in a group of 4-5 students. The project is intended to evaluate a student’s ability to critically analyse a novel problem and discuss possible alternative solutions, by integrating different perspectives and contributions emerging within the team. The project work output is evaluated at the end of the semester (no intermediate evaluations).
Composition of the final grade: Oral exam = 100%; Project work report and presentation (optional) from -2 to +2 on the grade of the oral exam.

L'insegnamento fornisce una visione d'assieme unitamente alle corrispondenti metodologie quantitative e competenze per progettare i sistemi produttivi e gestirne la continua modifica in relazione all'evoluzione del mix di prodotti e ai cambiamenti nelle tecnologie. Sono proposte metodologie per considerare congiuntamente aspetti tangibili e intangibili che determinano le scelte di configurazione, metodologie che consentono di tenere conto dell'incertezza degli scenari futuri e metodologie per la configurazione ottimale dei sistemi. Gli strumenti e le metodologie studiati nell'insegnamento sono anche applicate ad un caso realistico nell'ambito di un laboratorio progettuale. Il laboratorio progettuale è parte del programma di innovazione della didattica del Politecnico di Milano.

Il modulo di “ Fondamenti ” fornisce le basi biologiche, scientifiche e ingegneristiche necessarie per comprendere e progettare i processi biotecnologici industriali, dalla selezione del microrganismo fino all'ottenimento del prodotto finale.
Al termine del modulo, lo studente sarà in grado di:
Comprendere il panorama delle biotecnologie, inclusi gli aspetti storici, di mercato e le prospettive future.
Analizzare le caratteristiche dei microrganismi industriali e l'impatto dei diversi substrati nutrizionali.
Padroneggiare i concetti chiave di microbiologia e biologia applicata ai processi produttivi.

Al termine del modulo lo studente avrà acquisito le conoscenze teoriche fondamentali relative ai processi biotecnologici industriali. In particolare dimostrerà di possedere:
Conoscenza e capacità di comprensione ( Knowledge and understanding DdD1):
Comprendere i principi scientifici e ingegneristici che regolano le biotecnologie e i mercati di riferimento.
Conoscere le caratteristiche biologiche dei microrganismi industriali e la biochimica dei substrati.
Identificare e descrivere le singole operazioni unitarie che compongono il flusso di processo (Upstream, Bioreattori, Downstream).
Capacità di applicare conoscenza e comprensione ( Applying knowledge and understanding DdD2):
Selezionare i microrganismi, i substrati e gli enzimi più idonei in base al target produttivo desiderato.
Calcolare e impostare i parametri operativi di base per la conduzione delle fasi di Upstream (es. preparazione terreni e sterilizzazione).
Autonomia di giudizio ( Making judgments DdD3):
Analizzare e confrontare diverse strategie di fermentazione, valutandone i pro e i contro tecnici ed economici.
Formulare giudizi autonomi sulla sostenibilità e sull'efficienza di un layout biotecnologico integrato (dalle materie prime al prodotto finale).
Abilità comunicative ( Communication skills - DdD4):
Utilizzare una terminologia scientifica e ingegneristica appropriata e rigorosa (es. nomenclature dei bioreattori, cinetiche di crescita, parametri di purificazione).
Esporre in modo chiaro, sintetico e strutturato le problematiche e le soluzioni relative alle diverse fasi del processo biotecnologico.
Capacità di apprendimento ( Learning skills - DdD5):
Consultare e comprendere la letteratura scientifica, i brevetti e i manuali tecnici del settore biotecnologico industriale.
Integrare autonomamente le proprie conoscenze di biologia e ingegneria per affrontare l'evoluzione delle tecnologie emergenti nel settore.

Chimica delle cellule viventi
Biomolecole di interesse biotecnologico: descrizione strutturale e funzionale di composti biologici quali acidi nucleici, proteine, acidi grassi, fosfolipidi, carboidrati e polisaccaridi.
Microrganismi di interesse industriale: classificazione, caratteristiche e criteri di selezione.
Genetica applicata: il codice genetico e introduzione alle tecniche di ingegneria genetica.
Enzimi e cinetica enzimatica
Attività enzimatica: meccanismi d'azione e sistemi di regolazione catalitica.
Cinetica enzimatica: modelli cinetici e parametri fondamentali.
Applicazioni industriali: biocatalizzatori di interesse industriale e tecniche di immobilizzazione enzimatica.
Descrizione di alcuni bioprocessi e ingegneria delle fermentazioni

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, senza revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
Valutazione continua facoltativa (a scelta dello studente)
La valutazione finale dello studente si basa sulla combinazione di due componenti obbligatorie (Lavoro di gruppo e Prova scritta), con l'aggiunta di un eventuale colloquio orale integrativo
Lavoro di Gruppo Autonomo (30% del voto finale)
Modalità: Presentazione in lingua inglese sotto forma di mini-conferenza.
Presenza: Obbligatoria.
Tempistica: A fine corso, nei giorni stabiliti e comunicati dalla docente all'inizio delle lezioni.
Argomento: Assegnato dalla docente. Sarà correlato ai temi trattati in aula, ma non coincidente con essi.
Prova Scritta (70% del voto finale)
La prova verte su domande aperte relative al programma svolto in classe. Lo studente può scegliere tra due percorsi alternativi:
Opzione A: Valutazione continua (Prove intermedie):
Struttura: Normalmente 3 compiti scritti somministrati al termine di ogni ciclo di lezioni (date comunicate a inizio corso).
Vincolo: È obbligatorio sostenere tutte le prove intermedie.
Voto: Media aritmetica dei voti ottenuti nei singoli compiti.
Opzione B: Esame finale unico
Struttura: Unico compito scritto a fine corso.
Contenuto: Domande aperte su tutti gli argomenti del programma.
Colloquio Orale (Opzionale, a discrezione del docente)
Carattere: Non obbligatorio.
Attivazione: Previsto solo ad esclusiva discrezione dei docenti per definire e perfezionare la valutazione finale.
Criteri di Valutazione
L'esame è strutturato in modo da verificare le seguenti competenze dello studente:
Problem solving: Capacità di inquadrare correttamente i problemi biotecnologici e identificare la soluzione più idonea.
Argomentazione: Capacità di giustificare le proprie scelte con un discorso ben articolato, strutturato e supportato dalle conoscenze acquisite.
Linguaggio tecnico: Padronanza della terminologia specifica e della proprietà di linguaggio tipica delle biotecnologie.

The course aims to provide the necessary competences to the students to perform the risk assessment for workers exposed to hazard of chemical, physical and biologica1 origin; as well as to perform experimental verifications for risk assessment and to define the improving actions.
1. History and principles of the prevention. Signs of biology, anatomy and physiology. Changes happened in the organization of the job of the countries industrialized. Definition of danger, risk, accident, professional illness, job-in partnership illness
2. The risks of chemical origin: Principles of toxicology. Toxicological Risk (general concepts, toxic effects of chemical substances, relationships dose-response and dose-effect, pathways of exposure, metabolism and elimination of toxicants, carcinogenesis, mutagenesis and teratogenesis). Toxicology of Metals, Gases and Solvents. Estimation of generations, techniques for planning of the investigations and evaluation of the results, analysis of the principal methods of environmental improvement.
3. The risks of physical nature. The microclimate, the energetic balance applied to the human body, criterions of evaluation for moderate environments, criterions of evaluation for warm severe environments, criterions of evaluation for cold severe environments.
The noise, characteristics of the sounds, techniques of measure and evaluation of the data. Vibrations, techniques of measure.
4. The risks of biological nature: Definitions of the principal classes of biological agents: Bacteria, Virus, infecting yeast and mould, allergens and profiles of risk.
5. Occupational Health. Signs to the Professional Diseases: professional cancer, renal and liver pathologies, allergies and dermatopathies, muscle-skeletal disorders, vasculopathies and neuropathies. Signs of Ergonomics and Epidemiology

This course aims at providing the student with fundamental criteria, processes and methods to manage operational and supply chain risks in uncertain business contexts and achieve operational resilience against unexpected disruptions. The student will learn and apply different risk modelling and analysis techniques, either qualitative and quantitative, in relation to specific application contexts. A clear understanding of the peculiarities and relevance of adopting risk-informed or resilience-driven decisions, at both strategic and operational level, is achieved through class discussion of real cases in different industrial sectors and seminars from industry managers.

After successful completion of this course the student:
Will demonstrate the ability of classifying and modelling different risk sources in operations and supply chains, eventually selecting sound mitigation strategies (Knowledge and understanding);
Will be able to select and apply proper qualitative and quantitative risk assessment methods (Applying Knowledge and understanding);
Will be able to identify and critically discuss emerging relevant ORM&R challenges, leveraging on state-of-the art knowledge (Making Judgements and Learning skills), and editing a final report on the subject matters (Communication).

The course covers the following topics:
Introduction to Operations Risk Management. Operations strategy and Operations Risk Management (ORM). Classifications of operational risks. Integration of Operations Risk Management and Enterprise Risk Management. The Risk Management Process (ISO31000). Risk homeostasis.
Quantitative and Qualitative Risk Assessment. Anatomy of risk (the risk concept and fundamental definitions). Reference Risk Identification and Assessment Methods (ISO31010). Application of Monte Carlo Method to operations risk analysis.
Supply Chain Risk Management. Vulnerabilities of global Supply Chains, the case of COVId-19 pandemic. Operational and disruption risks in Supply Chains. Supply and Supplier Risk Management: Business Impact Analysis of supplier disruptions; FMECA-based supplier assessment; risk-based supplier segmentation. Risk mitigation strategies and the role of digital technologies. Exercises and discussion of cases.
Operational & Supply Chain Resilience. Core resilience functions and resilience capabilities. Business Continuity Management. The influence of Operations strategies and Supply Chain complexity on resilience. Business game and discussion of cases.
The learning experience of this course includes, in addition to face-to-face lectures, numerical exercises, case discussions, a group project, real examples and interactions with guest speakers from industry. Groups of students (max 3) will be engaged in a major assignment focusing on either a state-of-the-art review paper or an ex-post analysis of a supply chain disruption event. The final report will be part of the student assessment process (see next paragraph).

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, senza presentazione/discussione finale
Group Assignment: Groups of students (max 3 students per group) will be engaged in actively applying risk management and operational resilience principles, models and methods by means of a major assignment. The assignment may take the form of a state-of-the-art review paper, or an ex-post analysis of a supply chain disruption event, by making use of the methods and tools presented in class. The assignment is intended to evaluate the student’s ability of critically analysing a novel problem and discuss possible alternative solutions, by integrating different perspectives and contributions coming from the team members.
During classes some minor assignments will be suggested, as an extension of in-class exercises, to be completed in groups on a voluntary basis.
Written test: based on a mix of closed- and open-ended questions, it is intended to evaluate the student’s ability of selecting, justifying and applying the relevant knowledge to manage different sources of uncertainty in industrial operations.
Grading: Student evaluation is based on course assignments:
Group assignment: 50%;
Written test: 50%;
The submission of voluntary minor assignments may award the student with max 0.5/30 point each.

Course instructor, Teaching notes, Case texts and suggested readings
Note: Available on Beep course web page
Waters D., Supply Chain Risk Management: vulnerability and resilience in logistics, Editore: KoganPage, Anno edizione: 2011
Sheffi, Y, The Resilient Enterprise, Editore: The MIT Press, Anno edizione: 2005

The course aims to provide the student with basic knowledge of the chemical and technological processes of the pharmaceutical industry. Issues relating to both the drug discovery process of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and their formulation and preparation in commercial forms will be dealt with. In the first part of the course the basic concepts of pharmaceutical chemistry and the fundamental elements of drug design will be discussed. Subsequently, in the second part of the course, the basic technological operations in the pharmaceutical industry will be illustrated, such as grinding, mixing, filtration, drying, and sterilization. Finally, methods of pharmaceutical formulation and preparation of various commercial dosage forms will be illustrated (powders, tablets, capsules, granules, liquid preparations, etc...)
The course includes laboratory hours in which active ingredients will be synthesized and subsequently formulated in different final preparations.

The main expected learning outcomes are:
Understanding of the fundamental principles and key concepts of pharmaceutical chemistry.
Knowledge of the drug discovery and development process, from drug design and synthesis through preclinical and clinical development to market authorization.
Knowledge of pharmaceutical manufacturing unit operations and formulation technologies, including critical process parameters, common challenges, and problem-solving approaches.
Ability to apply chemical engineering principles to the design, optimization, and troubleshooting of processes in the pharmaceutical industry.
Ability to critically analyze pharmaceutical production and formulation processes, identifying potential issues and proposing appropriate technical solutions.

PART A – PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY
Drugs and drug targets. Proteins: general structure and function. Enzymes and receptors. Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics. Dynamics of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Bioavailability and routes of administration. Drug discovery, drug design and development: lead compounds screening, optimization of target interactions. Drug discovery from the bench to the market. Combinatorial and parallel synthesis. Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships (qsar)
PART B – PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY
Unit Operations: comminution (particle size reduction), crystallization, mixing, filtration, drying and freeze-drying. Packaging: materials and technology. Sterilization of Drug Formulations. Principles of Drug Formulations. Pharmaceutical solids and their critical parameters (e.g. particle size, surface, density, and solubility). Solid Dosage Forms (Powders, Granules, Pellets, Tablets, Capsules). Excipients for Drug Formulations. Coating of Oral Dosage Forms. Liquid Dosage Forms (e.g. eye drops, syrups). Inhalatory Pharmaceutical Forms.

Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, individuale, senza revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
The evaluation is composed by an oral presentation of a case study related to the topics of the Course (15 min, individual projects only) and discussion with Q&A on the whole program. The final score will be composed as follows: 50% by the evaluation of the presentation and 50% based on the Q&A about the topics of the course.

Voigt's Pharmaceutical Technology, ISBN: 978-1-118-97262-5

Air Pollution. Particle Dynamics. Particle control. Technical elements for environmental risk analysis. Gravimetric chambers. Cyclones Collectors. Electrical Precipitators. Fabric Filters. Scrubbers. Gas absorption and adsorption. Equipments for handling emergency relief effluents: vapour-liquid separation; quench pools; flares. Water and first flush stormwater treatments. Grinding, Sedimentation Equalization Physical treatments. Polluted soils remediation.

The course aims to provide the fundamental environmental engineering knowledge required to understand and interpret pollution measurements and georeferenced environmental data.
More specifically, the course aims to enable students to:
understand the main pollution phenomena affecting water resources, the atmosphere, soil and the subsurface, including their relevant spatial and temporal scales;
interpret environmental analyses by understanding the meaning of the measured parameters, the main measurement limitations and their relevance for pollution assessment;
understand the relationships among pollution sources, transport and transformation processes, environmental concentrations and potential receptors;
identify the information, measurements and monitoring strategies required to characterize the pollution of a water body, an urban or regional atmosphere, or a contaminated site;
critically interpret spatially and temporally distributed pollution data, monitoring networks and environmental maps.

Dd1 – Knowledge and comprehension
The student knows:
the concepts of environmental indicators and indices, with reference to the OECD Pressure–State–Response scheme and the EEA Driving Forces–Pressure–State–Impact–Response framework;
the main pollution phenomena affecting rivers, lakes, the atmosphere, soil and the subsurface;
the main pollutants and environmental parameters used to characterize water, air and soil quality;
the basic principles of environmental sampling and measurement, including units, accuracy, precision, detection and quantification limits, quality assurance and quality control;
the main factors controlling the spatial and temporal variability of pollution phenomena and environmental measurements;
the difference among pollutant emissions, concentrations, loads, fluxes and exposure.
Dd2 – Ability to apply knowledge and comprehension
After passing the exam, the student is able to:
interpret certificates of analysis and environmental datasets concerning water, gaseous mixtures, air quality, soil and waste materials;
apply material balances and simple quantitative models to selected pollution phenomena;
identify the main sources, transport pathways, transformation processes and receptors associated with an environmental pollution problem;
assess, at a preliminary level, whether environmental measurements are representative of the investigated spatial and temporal domain;
critically interpret monitoring data, sampling locations and maps of environmental pollution;
explain environmental pollution terminology, classifications, indicators and measurement methods using appropriate technical language.

Introduction to environmental pollution
Concepts of environment, pollution, environmental quality and sustainable development. Pollution sources, transport pathways and receptors. Point, linear, areal and diffuse sources. Local, urban, regional and global pollution phenomena. Spatial and temporal scales of environmental processes and observations.
Environmental indicators and assessment frameworks
Environmental indicators and indices. OECD Pressure–State–Response framework. EEA Driving Forces–Pressure–State–Impact–Response framework. Relationships among environmental pressures, environmental quality and management responses. Introduction to environmental and human health risk concepts.
Environmental measurements and data interpretation
Environmental parameters, analytes and indicators. Specific and non-specific parameters. Concentration, mass, load, flux, emission and exposure. Units of measurement and unit conversions.
Principles of environmental sampling and monitoring. Grab and composite samples. Continuous and discontinuous measurements. Direct measurements, indirect measurements and proxies.
Accuracy, precision, sensitivity, selectivity, calibration, detection limits and quantification limits. Quality assurance and quality control. Interpretation of analytical certificates. Representativeness of measurements in space and time. Differences between environmental variability and measurement error.
Elements of environmental microbiology
Pathogenic and indicator microorganisms. Heterotrophic, autotrophic, aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Role of microorganisms in pollution processes, organic matter degradation and contaminant transformation. Microbiological indicators of water contamination.
Water pollution
Main physical, chemical and biological water-quality parameters and their environmental meaning. Specific and non-specific analytes. Sources of water pollution and distinction between point and diffuse pollution.
Concentration and pollutant load. Dilution, mixing, transport, transformation and decay processes.
River pollution phenomena. Oxygen balance, biochemical oxygen demand and the Streeter–Phelps model. Influence of flow rate, velocity, temperature and pollutant discharge location. Introduction to water-quality criteria.
Lake pollution. Thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics of lakes. Nutrient inputs, eutrophication and acidification. Main monitoring parameters and overview of recovery measures.
Spatial organization of water-quality monitoring, longitudinal profiles along rivers and the role of the contributing catchment.
Air pollution
Structure and main characteristics of the atmosphere. Main air pollutants and their environmental and health relevance. Primary and secondary pollutants.
Emissions from stationary and mobile sources. Point, linear and diffuse emission sources. Emission factors and preliminary emission estimates. Normalization of gaseous pollutant concentrations with respect to temperature, pressure, water vapour and oxygen content.
Transport, atmospheric dispersion, chemical transformation and deposition. Role of wind, atmospheric stability, mixing height, topography and meteorological conditions. Pollution phenomena at local, urban, regional and global scales.
Air-quality monitoring networks. Traffic, urban background, industrial and rural monitoring stations. Difference among emission maps, concentration maps and exposure maps. Spatial and temporal representativeness of air-quality measurements.
Soil and subsurface pollution
Contaminated sites: extent, main causes and typical sources of contamination. Physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil. Porosity, water content, organic matter and main properties affecting contaminant behaviour.
Soil–contaminant interactions. Adsorption, partitioning, leaching, volatilization, degradation and persistence. Organic and inorganic contaminants. Contamination of the unsaturated and saturated zones. Source areas, transport pathways, contaminant plumes and receptors.
Surface and subsurface sampling. Horizontal and vertical variability of soil contamination, identification of hotspots and preliminary interpretation of georeferenced sampling data.
Waste characterization
Main principles of waste production and classification. Physical and chemical characterization of waste. Sampling of heterogeneous materials. Total composition and leaching behaviour. Waste materials as potential sources of pollution affecting soil, water and air.
Interpretation of georeferenced pollution information
Environmental monitoring locations and networks. Relationship among sampling design, environmental processes and the intended use of the data.
Critical interpretation of pollution maps and spatially distributed observations. Influence of spatial resolution, measurement density, environmental boundaries and process knowledge on the interpretation of mapped pollution data.
Examples of integration among laboratory analyses, monitoring stations, mobile or low-cost sensors, territorial information and Earth observation products. The course does not provide advanced training in GIS or geostatistics, but applies concepts acquired in other Geoinformatics Engineering courses to environmental pollution problems.
Course handouts, selected technical documents, environmental datasets and case studies will be made available through the WeBeep platform.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
The exam consists of a written test including computational exercises, interpretation exercises and open-ended questions.
Students will be assessed on their ability to:
describe the main pollution phenomena affecting water, air, soil and the subsurface;
identify the main pollutants and parameters used to characterize different environmental media;
interpret environmental analyses, certificates of analysis and selected environmental datasets;
apply material balances and simple computational methods to quantify selected pollution phenomena;
distinguish among emissions, concentrations, pollutant loads, fluxes and exposure;
apply normalization methods to gaseous pollutant concentrations by considering temperature, pressure, water vapour content and oxygen content;
apply emission factors to estimate air-pollutant emissions;
identify suitable indicators for describing driving forces, pressures, environmental state, impacts and possible responses;
evaluate the spatial and temporal representativeness of a monitoring or sampling strategy at a preliminary level;
critically interpret monitoring locations, spatially distributed pollution data and environmental maps.
The assessment will consider the correctness of the calculations, the understanding of the environmental processes, the appropriate use of technical terminology and the ability to clearly explain the assumptions and limitations of the adopted approach.

Bibliographic resources (articles, book extracts, web resources, commented codes,...) will be provided during the course.

One general objective of the course is the introduction of the students to the general topics of sustainability and circular economy, with particular reference to the cases of polymer industry.
Another more specific objective is the study of theoretical and practical aspects related to physical and chemical recycling technologies for end-of-life polymers and polymer-based composites.
A third objective of the course is the description of bioplastics, including their production, chemical microstucture, physical properties and biodegradation behaviour.

After attending the course and after the final examination, the student will:
know and understand the fundamentals of circular economy (DD1)
know the different types of available polymer recycling technologies, including logistical and regulatory implications (DD1)
know and understand the main physico-chemical principles related to polymer compounding (DD1)
know the main types of additives and industrial machinery to be used in polymer mechanical reprocessing, and how to design, select and optimize them on the basis of the desired set of material performances (DD1, DD2)
know the main types of available polymers from renewable sources as well as biodegradable polymers (DD1)
know and calculate Material Circularity Indicators (DD1, DD2)
know and apply the basics of process economics applied to plastic recycling (DD1, DD2)
be able to apply the above described knowledge aimed at the design and selection of optimal components and machinery for the production or recycling of a polymeric compound at industrial scale (DD2)
These learning outcomes are expected to provide the student with the needed knowledge tools necessary for successfully performing their future activities in an industrial environment, with particular reference to polymer recycling and compounding industry, their technological testing, and the evaluation of the associated environmental impacts

The main topics of the course are:
1) Fundamentals of circular economy and overview of the global market of plastics; circular economy metrics; national and EU regulations for end-of-life plastics
2) Polymer waste management: logistics and pretreatments, separation and sorting techniques, physical recycling versus chemical recycling, energy recovery
3) Review of physico-chemical principles applied to polymer technology; solubility thermodynamics for polymer-based binary mixtures; diffusivity, barrier properties in packaging materials, mechanisms of loss of additives; wettability, contact angle, hysteresis, determination of surface tension components, work of adhesion and Young-Duprè equation
4) Mechanical recycling and compounding: shredding, mixing, flow analysis; quality of mixtures, intensity and scale of segregation; liquid-liquid miscible mixing, liquid-liquid immiscible mixing, solid-liquid mixing; analysis of the twin-screw extrusion process, other mechanical mixers, design of mixing elements, examples of industrial compounding cycles
5) Polymer degradation behaviour: thermal degradation, photodegradation, oxidative degradation, hydrolysis; analytical techniques to monitor polymer degradation and durability; accelerated tests; selection of thermal and photochemical stabilizers; re action to fire and polymer combustion; fire retardant additives; testing and regulations.
6) Additives for polymer compounding and reformulation: plasticizers and fillers, nanofillers and nanocomposites, tribology and self-lubricating compounds; pigments, colour mixing and colour matching technologies, Kubelka-Munk equations
7) Other physical recycling technologies, dissolution methods; emerging application to multilayer food packaging films
8) Chemical recycling of thermoplastics and thermosets, pyrolysis and solvolysis processes, reactors, microwave heating. Chemical and thermochemical recycling of composites and rubbers. Vitrimers and reversible chemistries for polymer repair and easy recycling
9) Basics of process economics; capex and opex evaluation, profitability analysis, support to decisions
10) Biodegradation and bioplastics; polymeric materials from renewable resources, enzymatic degradation; biodegradation testing and regulations; specific cases of biopolyesters and polysaccharides (starch-based blends)

Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i facoltativo (a scelta dello studente), individuale, senza revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
The examination will be an oral discussion about one or more of the course topics, chosen by the examiner. The student can also propose to elaborate on a specific topic of the course, and to show the results of this study in form of a PPT presentation. The student must be also able to clearly describe and critically discuss the proposed topics, highlighting the hypotheses, assumptions, critical points, the physical meaning and its consequences, including the mathematical approach where needed. The student should also be able to apply the theoretical knowledge to solving specific problems or troubleshooting some situations typically met in a real industrial environment.

Lecture's notes
L. Mascia, The role of additives in plastics, Editore: Arnold, Anno edizione: 1974, ISBN: 0713133287
C. Rauwendaal, Polymer Mixing, Editore: Hanser, Anno edizione: 1998, ISBN: 1-56990-223-2
S.A. Ashter, Introduction to Bioplastics Engineering, Editore: Elsevier, Anno edizione: 2016

The course aims at illustrating the application of continuum mechanics and rheology to model thermoplastic polymer processing and apply them to the processing technologies most commonly adopted for this class of materials. Some of the models will be extended to food processing.

After attending the course and after the final exams the students will:

• know and understand how to apply the mass, momentum and energy conservation principles along with the proper constitutive equation to model simple flow cases; (DdD1)
• know and understand the different possible constitutive behaviors of polymeric solution and melts; (DdD1)
• be able to select the costitutive equation appropriate to each considered case; (DdD2)
• know and understand the extrusion process; (DdD1)
• be able to predict the effects of screw geometry, process conditions, and fluid behavior on the working point of an extruder; (DdD2)
• know and understand the post extrusion processes and their effects to final product performance; (DdD1)
• know and understand the injection molding process; (DdD1)
• be able to estimate the effects of mold geometry, process conditions, and fluid behavior on injection molding process and outcomes; (DdD2)
• be able to autonomously apply the previous knowledge to model complex cases and answer open ended questions. (DdD2)

Basics - An outline of continuum mechanics: concept of a continuum, stress, deformation and deformation rate tensors in a continuum, mass, momentum and energy conservation in solids and fluids; boundary conditions. This topic will be offered thorugh a split classroom approach
Simple model flows - Pressure and drag flows of newtonian and nonnewtonian flows thorugh channels with different geometry will be modelled, in order to i) learn how to practically apply continuum mechanics to fluids, and ii) build a library of building blocks for more complex models. Students will tackle the topic in a project laboratory to be carried out in small groups.
Rheology - Phenomenology and description of the newtonian, non-newtonian and viscoelastic behaviour. Simple model flows of newtonian and non-newtonian melts and solutions. Rheometry laboratory. After having understood the main aspects of complex fluids rheology, students will have to design and perform a rheological characterization of complex fluids.
Extrusion - Plasticating extruder: conveying and melting of the solid pellet. Metering extruder: modelling of the flow of a Newtonian and non-newtonian fluid in isothermal and adiabatic condition; discussion of the imposed approximation; optimal design. Die forming: modelling and design. Die swell; melt instabilities and fracture. The topic will be presented in ex-cathedra classes. A project will be proposed to apply the presented concepts.
Post extrusion forming - Fiber spinning, Film Blowing and the importance of extensional rheological response. Ex cathedra classes.
Injection molding - Description and analysis of injection moulding; isothermal newtonian and non-newtonian flow into a cavity; viscous heating in a runner; effects of pressure dependent viscosity; runner and cavity combination; viscous heating in a cavity flow; effect of heat transfer to the cavity walls; cooling of a cavity without flow; shrinkage during cooling and packing; thermal stresses during cooling. After ex-cathedra classes, a short project on inection molding of a simple geometry will be proposed to students in small groups.
As the lab activity require access to resources with limited availability, the number of students admitted to the class will be limited to 30. Students from U2B-Polymer Engineering will be given priority to the course, other applications will be accepted on first come/first served basis.

Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, individuale, senza revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
Valutazione continua obbligatoria
The examination will consist in the evaluation of the group works assigned during the semester and discussed during the course classes, and an individual oral discussion on the written assignments assigned each student during the course.
Both the group projects and the assignments will present a series of problems, some of which with multiple solutions or open solutions. They are aimed at testing:
i) the student's understanding of the course topics;
ii) her/his ability to critically and autonomously apply the acquired knowledge to cases not discussed in class;
iii) her/his ability to present them in a clearly understandable form.
The final oral colloquium will be devoted to the discussion of each student's report and, starting from the report, on the topics of the course.

Middleman, S., Fundamentals of polymer processing, Editore: McGraw-Hill, Anno edizione: 1977, ISBN: 0-07-041851-9
Macosko, C.W., Rheology: Principles, Measurements and Applications, Editore: Wiley-VCH, Anno edizione: 1994, ISBN: 978-0471185758
Tadmor Z., Gogos C., Principles of Polymer Processing, Editore: Wiley-Interscience; 2 edition, Anno edizione: 2006, ISBN: 978-0471387701
Rauwendaal, C., Polymer Extrusion, 4th edition, Editore: Hanser Publications, Anno edizione: 2001, ISBN: 978-1569903216

Chemical process design consists in finding a sustainable process that can convert the raw materials to the desired products cost effectively.
The objective of this course is to introduce students to systematic methods for process design, to provide an overview of the main steps involved in the typical life cycle of a process design and to make students understand the complexity of the design activity, considering the different types of industries and sectors with own domain specific equipment and standards. In addition to systematic approach for process design, other process design considerations (economics, heat exchangers, etc.) will be stressed in order to equip students with a flexible skillset to be able to design innovative, cost-competitive and sustainable processes in a wide range of process industries.
The course is taught in innovative teaching mode with approach “Blended Learning & Flipped Classroom” for 3 CFU. According to this approach, when dealing with some topics, students are introduced to the learning material before the lesson, and the classroom time is used to deepen the understanding through discussion with peers and problem-solving activities in small groups supported by the teacher. After the lesson, students think about the feedback they have received and use this to further improve their learning.
Moreover, through the Digital Twin Laboratory activity, students will also have the possibility of better understanding the development of separation processes starting from the analysis of phase equilibria by attending a demonstration with the experimental unit for collection of phase equilibria. The collected data will be then used for the thermodynamic modelling and the simulation of a given separation process.

The course will allow students to:
know how to draw the common diagrams daily used by the process engineer, how to formulate the objective for design, identify, gather and analyze necessary data for product-process of interest, which are the main issues in a process plant, how to manage a plant and how to perform an economic analysis, which are the service facilities and the systems out of battery limits of a process plant ( conoscenza e comprensione – knowledge and understanding );
be able to apply the acquired knowledge to design a process flowsheet complete with energy and mass balances for a given design problem and to evaluate the optimal layout of a plant considering safety, energy and economic issues ( capacità di applicare conoscenza e comprensione – applying knowledge and understanding );
know how to use the simulation software ASPEN HYSYS ® to solve and optimize flowsheets ( conoscenza e comprensione – knowledge and understanding );
be able to autonomously learn new topics and apply theoretical ideas to find solutions to problems referring to fields different from the one presented during the course ( capacità di apprendimento legata alla modalità di didattica innovativa – learning skills related to innovative teaching approach );
be able to clearly explain the strategy used for solving problems, to impressively communicate the obtained results and to write a technical report ( capacità di applicare conoscenza e comprensione legata alla modalità di didattica innovativa – applying knowledge and understanding related to innovative teaching approach ).

The course is based on lectures and selected case studies for which the analysis of process schemes and their representation by using process simulators commonly employed by engineering companies will be carried out. Part of the course (focusing on diagrams and on the main issues in process plants) will be taught in innovative teaching mode with a “Blended Learning & Flipped Classroom”.
The following topics will be covered:
Diagrams: process scheme, BFD, PFD, P&Is, utility diagram;
Main aspects for process design: design basis, selection of the process flowsheet considering the different stages of separation and reaction, technology options and key process stages with related products, design trade-offs and alternatives, sensitivity analysis and optimization applied to a process scheme;
Other process design considerations: economics, energy saving, degrees of freedom and factors affecting productions, plant flexibility in response of variations of production demand, safety, environmental, ethical and societal issues;
Common utility systems and “off-site” units, with description of schemes and criteria for use and design: fuel supply, fuel oil and fuel gas plants; water treatment; steam generation and condensate recovery (high-P, medium-P and low-P steam); cooling water (open loop, closed loop, open recirculating systems); instrument air system; safety system, venting from pressure vessels, systems for conveying discharge, flares; storage (atmospheric storage, pressure storage, refrigerated storage, heated storage); waste disposal system (hints); wastewater treatment (hints);
Use of process simulator (ASPEN HYSYS ® ) to solve flowsheets.
The exercises will focus on the application of the theory to case studies, with the use of the software ASPEN HYSYS ® to simulate the process and of Microsoft Excel to analyze the results.
The student will also have the possibility to attend a demonstration of collection of phase equilibria data with the experimental units in the Process Thermodynamics laboratory (PT lab), part of the Process Design & Process Thermodynamics laboratory (PD&PT lab) of Politecnico di Milano. For a chosen system, the student will understand the type of data needed, analyze the collected points of phase equilibrium and design the optimal process for obtaining the product of interest.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Prova orale condizionata (a scelta del docente)
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
The final evaluation of learning will be obtained through a written test with questions about all the topics covered during the course and, for students with a mark in the written test equal to or higher than 26, an oral test to further assess the student’s level of knowledge. Each student will prepare a short technical report on all the exercises and problems considered during the course, which will be provided to the teacher before the exam for the evaluation.
More details about the exam rules are made available on the WeBeep platform.
After having passed the examination, the student must be able to talk about and critically discuss all the topics presented during the course, showing the capabilities described in “Risultati di apprendimento attesi”.

The slides of the lessons will be shared on WeBeep platform early before the lesson.

Batch processes remain a cornerstone of fine chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing, offering flexibility and control in the synthesis of complex molecules. This course provides students with a comprehensive understanding of batch processing from a chemical engineering perspective. It bridges theoretical knowledge with practical tools essential for the design, analysis, and optimization of batch systems. Through a combination of lectures and applied case studies, students will develop the ability to critically assess process challenges, select appropriate technologies, and implement strategies for safe, sustainable, and efficient batch production. Emphasis is placed on real-world applications, integrating scientific principles with industrial pragmatism.

Lectures and exercises will enable the students to:
Understand the fundamental principles of batch chemical processing;
Analyze and design batch reactors and separation steps;
Apply scheduling and sequence control strategies to multi-step batch operations;
Identify and manage safety and environmental aspects of batch manufacturing;
Evaluate the role of equipment design and process intensification in batch systems.

Introduction: industrial background, product definitions, motivation for the use of batch processing.
Batch process design: process chemistry, process design, development of reliable process recipes, recipe implementation, pilot scale features, process scale-up.
Reactors: modeling and optimization of batch and semi-batch reactors, reaction kinetics and integration with process control, temperature control and heat transfer in reacting systems.
Agitation and mixing: principles of mixing and agitation in batch systems, scale-up challenges and mixing time estimation, impact of mixing on reaction selectivity and separation efficiency.
Solvents in batch production: solvent properties, solvent effects on reaction, solvent recovery and solvent destruction.
Separations: design and operation of batch separation units, including batch distillation, crystallization, and filtration.
Scheduling of batch processes: single and multiple product batch plants, transfer policies, parallel/intermediate units, sizing of vessels, inventory, NLP design of single- and multi-product plants optimization.
Safety and environmental aspects: hazard identification, selection of safety measures, waste minimization, waste treatment and solvent management.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
The final assessment will be conducted through a written exam. Students will be required to answer questions covering all topics discussed during the lectures and solve exercises related to the industrial case studies.

slides of lectures and study cases (available via WeBeep) https://webeep.polimi.it/login/index.php
P.N. Sharrat, Ed., Handbook of Batch Process Design, Editore: Chapman & Hall, Anno edizione: 1997
E. Korovessi & A. A. Linninger, Eds., Batch Processes, Editore: CRC Press, Anno edizione: 2006

The course fits into the overall program curriculum and in particular it contributes to the development of the following capabilities:
Understand context, functions, processes in a business and industrial environment under the life cycle thinking perspective, and the impact of those factors on business performance towards the entire product life cycle
Identify trends, technologies and key methodologies in the domain of product life cycle management, within a pletora of different application contexts such as industrial design and engineering, mechanics and automation, fashion and food industry
Design solutions applying a scientific and engineering approach (Analysis, Learning, Reasoning, and Modeling capability deriving from a solid and rigorous multidisciplinary background) to face problems and opportunities in business and industrial environments
The aim of the course is to introduce students to the basic concepts of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) and Life Cycle Thinking. The acronym PLM enables a holistic life cycle-oriented way of thinking through a set of principles, methods and tools supporting a more effective and efficient management of the life cycle stages of industrial products and systems, from their design/engineering, to production, distribution, usage until disposal/end of life.
In its comprehensive meaning, PLM is a business approach based on collaboration and integration of people, processes and technologies, which aims to support the development of more innovative, reliable and sustainable solutions (products and services) in a shorter time.
From a managerial perspective PLM encompass (i) a strategic management point of view where the product is the enterprise value creator; (ii) the application of a collaborative model for the empowerment of the core competences distributed along the different actors involved in the lifecycle (e.g. designers, engineers, manufacturers, suppliers, etc.); (iii) the adoption of a number of IT solutions for establishing an access-safe product information management environment.
From a technical perspective, PLM is a matter of methods, standards and techniques for structuring the engineering processes, as well as a matter of computer-based tools for enabling virtual prototyping and collaborative workspaces.
In this context, Lean Product and Process Development is a paramount support for the effective understanding and accomplishment of the above mentioned points and will play an important role, not only as topic of discussion taught within the course, but also used to generate within the students critical attitude towards problem understanding, problem setting and problem solving.
The aim of the PLM course is to introduce students to the concepts and elements of PLM, life cycle thinking and lean product and process development, from both managerial and a technical perspective, giving also the basics to run the introduction of PLM (as approach, models, methods, and tools) in the industrial practice, approach problems and process improvement via lean thinking, with the ultimate purpose to grow a life cycle thinking attitude into the students.

Expected results from Product Life Cycle Management Class are:
Understand - provide students with the prevalent knowledge in the field of PLM and Life Cycle Thinking from a theoretical and practical side to show how these aspects reflects on real business. The students are expected to gain general knowledge on PLM, life cycle thinking and all related topics.
Identify - students, will gain general knowledge needed to understand PLM, and will be provided with specific knowledge on trends and approaches existing in effective and advanced PLM impelmentation solutions from industry, such as lean product and process development. Students will be expected to be able to identify how specific approaches enable and impact life cycle thinking within enterprises. In the specific lean product and process development as a overall and growing body of knwoledge will be taught to the class that is expected to acquire deep knowledge on that.
Design - most importantly, students will be provided with the ability to aquire and develop a critical thinking attitude in business process understanding and problem solving. This will be achieved through a continuous link between in class theoretical applications and real world applications, as well as challenges proposed to students to be addressed in class via exercises, serious games, projects and teamwork activities. The ultimate purpose is to make this class not as the arrival learning point for these concepts, but to be the starting platform to build and link what has already been learned and what needs to be learned in the future to address growing buiness needs-by applying either what has been introduced in this course or learnt soemwherelse- enable a relentless life cycle thinking mindest.

Course topics include:
-Life C ycle T hinking, P roduct L ife C ycle M anagement, P roduct L ife C ycle phases
-Innovation, New Product Development Process and Concurrent Engineering
-Lean Product and Process Development
-Set-Based Concurrent Engineering (SBCE)
-The Front-End Process
-Design Methods (Design for X: Design for Manufacturing and Design for Environment)
-Value and Function Analyses (QFD & VA/VE)
-Prototyping, Examples from Virtual Prototyping and CAD tools
-Process Mapping and mapping application case
-Collaborative Platforms (PDM & PLM)
-PLM system and PLM system implementation
-PLM Projects Evaluation. Application case s
-Introduction to S ustainable P roduct D evelopment and C ircular E conomy

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i facoltativo (a scelta dello studente), di gruppo, senza revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
Class attendance is not mandatory, though encouraged. All material will be provided digitally on line (Beep). Supporting books and references will also be suggested throughout the course. In-class exercises and teamwork will be used to facilitate advanced learning of PLM material and concepts.
The final exam will be a bout 1,5 hour written test, divided in two part: theory and problems/exercises. Questions are mainly multiple-choice questions + some short open questions. The maximum score achievable through the written exam is 30 Laude.
There are not intermediary evaluations.
Complementing the learning activities, a not-mandatory team project can be conducted to go through some of the topics investigated in class with the purpose of enhance the overall topics understanding, determining an indirect improvement of learning and exam performances. Additionally, the project enables students to gain extra score, at a maximum of 3. Time will be dedicated in class for project and practical activities. The project score does not expire through the months/years. It is not possible to run the project individually.

Ulrich and Eppinger, Product Design and Development
Note: 5th edition
Rossi, Morgan, Shook, The Routledge Companion to Lean Management - Lean Product and Porcess Development Chapter, Anno edizione: 2017
John Stark, Product Lifecycle Management, Editore: Springer, Anno edizione: 2012
Note: 2nd edition

Sustainable development is all about adopting economic and social models that allow us to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It's a balance between growth and responsibility, ensuring that today's actions don't lead to tomorrow's problems.
When it comes to chemical activity, innovations that promote sustainable development focus on reducing or eliminating the use of non-renewable resources, minimizing the environmental impact of production processes, and ensuring that the substances produced are eco-friendly.
The course is designed to explore the development of materials, applications, and processes derived from renewable resources, guided by the principles of circular economy and circular chemistry. The goal is to instill in students the importance of evaluating sustainability as a crucial factor when selecting materials and developing processes.
Explore Renewable Raw Materials: We'll present both plant-based and animal-based materials available on the market.
Learn about Bulk and Fine Chemicals: Understand how these renewable resources are used to produce various chemicals and materials.
Focus on Energy Efficiency: We'll cover production methods that aim to reduce solvent use and energy consumption.
Embrace Circular Practices: Familiarize yourself with practices that promote recycling and reuse to minimize waste.

Expected learing outcomes for the students:

• knowledge about the main sources of renewable materials and their nature
• knowledge about the structure and reactivity of renewable resources and how to obtain them
• knowledge about the developement of functional materials from renewable resources and their applications
• ability to use new chemical methodologies from renewable resources
• ability to developement of key products from renewable resources and the related industrial processes
• ability to comunicate the knowledge learned in the field of renewable resources

Short recall of the basic concepts of chemistry and organic chemistry
Bio-based and biodegradable materials (resources, production, processes and applications): Cellulose; Starch; Chitin/Chitosan; Lignin; Lactic acid and PLA; Alginates; PHA
Use and valorization of food waste for the production of biofuels or chemical intermediates: Bioethanol and Bioalcohols
"Bio-based" processes for the production of chemical intermediates
CO 2 as feedstock in chemical synthesis
Solvents from renewable resources and ionic liquids
Biosurfactants
“Bio-based” materials for food and food packaging
Green hydrogen from renewable resources

Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, individuale, senza revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
Valutazione continua facoltativa (a scelta dello studente)
Throughout the year, you'll participate in intermediate evaluations (optional) based on group projects that cover various course topics. This collaborative approach helps deepen your understanding and encourages teamwork. Towards the end of the course, you'll create a project (individually or in groups of two people) in the form of a PowerPoint presentation. This project will require you to choose a course-related topic and analyze it identifying potential challenges, and propose solutions. During the oral exam, you'll present your project and respond to questions about your chosen topic and other course material. This tests your comprehension and ability to articulate your insights.

WeBeep
Note: Slides, reviews and papers

Understand the nature and peculiarities of projects, programme and portfolios. Understand role of projects in society and workplace and the difference between project management success and project success. Understand the sustainability and unsustainability aspects of project management.
Identify, in the context of projects: stakeholders, cost elements, risk and opportunities, options to plan and deliver projects.
Design strategies to engage stakeholders, financial structures, risk management frameworks.
Develop the scope of the project, project plans, strategies to plan and deliver sustainable projects.

After successful completion of this module students:
Will gain a holistic understanding of project business and project ecology (Knowledge and understanding);
Will be able to understand key project management concepts, their evaluation and application (Knowledge and understanding);
Will be able to select and apply proper qualitative and quantitative project management tools, processes and methods at the different project and system life cycle stages (Applying knowledge and evaluating);
Will be able to critically assess projects and programmes considering scope, risk, stakeholders, sustainability (Applying knowledge and evaluating)
Will be able to propose delivery models considering the different dimensions of project success. (Evaluating and creating)

Projects are the key elements of our time; they are needed to plan and deliver infrastructure, address a global pandemic like COVID-19, or deal with climate change. Projects span across industries and economic sectors, including construction projects, the development of new major software, making movies, but also humanitarian projects. This course aims at transferring to students theoretical and practical knowledge about Project Management, Business, and Ecology. The course addresses the state-of-the-art approaches, methods and models for deciding, planning, and delivery projects and programmes. Including traditional “Project Management” topics, the course covers the essentials of project business (e.g. the governance of the organisations involved in projects) and the most recent elements of the project ecology. More specifically:
Introduction to Project Management, Project Business and Project Ecology: Introduction of key concepts such as project, programme, portfolio, project-based company. Managing for stakeholders, stakeholders relationship maps, project governance and project Ecology
Traditional Project Management models, tools and techniques: Scope management including WBS and other structures, Economic and Financial (with exercise on NPV, IRR, Project Balance), Planning and scheduling, Critical Path Method and its limitations (with numerical exercises), Cost Estimating, Project Controlling and its implications for re-planning; Risk Management (definition, identification, evaluation, mitigation, contingency, reporting),
Modern topics of Project management: Mega and complex project, human biases, Project management success vs project success, Sustainability (including SDG) & Dark side (modern slavery, corruption, sexism etc.),
This module's learning experience includes face-to-face lectures, numerical exercises, case discussions, real examples.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Written test: focused on assessing the learning outcomes. It will include a mix of theoretical questions and numerical exercises. Exemples of test and solutions are available in WeBeep

Jeffery Pinto, Project Management: Achieving Competitive Advantage - 5th edition, Anno edizione: 2019

The course provides an overview of the main processes used for the recovery and recycling of materials, metals, and selected non-metallic elements and chemical species from a wide range of secondary resources. These include residues from secondary metallurgy (e.g., electric arc furnace (EAF) dusts, brass production dusts, and metallurgical slags), end-of-life products (e.g., waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), lead-acid batteries, and lithium batteries), and by-products generated by industrial production and processing (e.g., urban sewage sludge, electroplating and electrowinning sludges, spent pickling solutions, metal processing wastes, and fly ashes from thermoelectric power plants).
Particular emphasis is placed on the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects governing the principal hydrometallurgical processes. The course examines the physicochemical principles underlying resource recovery and recycling technologies and discusses their economic and environmental sustainability through the application of thermodynamic methods. In addition, practical engineering aspects, including process design, equipment selection, and industrial plant operation, are introduced to provide students with an understanding of the implementation of recycling technologies at industrial scale.
The course includes two to three visits to industrial plants, allowing students to observe recycling and extractive metallurgy processes in an industrial environment.

To understand the physical and chemical principles underlying the treatment / recovery processes (DdD1).
To be able to read process diagrams (DdD2).
To know to formulate and understand the balances of matter and energy (DdD2).

Materials sources
Mineral reserves and resources
Critical raw materials and geopolitical aspects
Reclamation and recycling
Classification of processes
Physical and physico-chemical processes
Hydrometallurgical processes
Biotechnological processes
Pyrometallurgical processes
Leaching of ores, concentrates and secondary materials
Principles of leaching
Practice of leaching
Separation, purification and enrichment processes for treatment pf pregnant leach and waste solutions
Ion-exchange processes utilizing solid resins
Adsorption processes using activated charcoal
Liquid-liquid extraction processes
Liquid membrane processes
Precipitation processes for metal separation and recovery from solution
Chemical precipitation processes
Reductive precipitation processes
Reclamation of metals from waste and effluents by precipitation processes
Electrolytic processes for the recovery and purification of metals
Electrowinning of metals
Electrorefining of metals
Case studies. Urban sewage sludges. Sludges and pickling solutions from surface treatment industry. Electric arc furnace dusts, metallurgical slags (Waelz). Flying ashes from thermal power stations. Electric and electronic components. Electrical batteries (lead and lithium batteries). Catalytic converters. Photovoltaic solar pane

Altro
Group presentations. Two presentations per group. Topics to be agreed with the teacher.

The subsitution of fossil energy sources with renewable materials represents one of today's biggest engineering challenges for the improvement of the quality of our environment. For this reason, the knowledge of the technical and economical aspects related to the exploitment of such materials is of great importance for the chemical engineers of today, who will more and more have to face problems related to energy and environment in their working lives.
This course aims to give the students the basic knowledge to understand the technical and environmental aspects related to the exploitment and the conversion of renewable raw materials, thereby providing them with the elements and instruments for a quantitative analysis of the related problems.
This course explains the chemical and chemical engineering aspects of processes for the exploitation of biomasses and of other renewable raw materials.
The chemistry at the basis of the conversion processes will be introduced, then the processes and plants for the profuction of energy, fuels or chemical products from renewable raw materials will be discussed in depth. Due to the growing interest towards the substiution of primary biomasses with secondary biomasses, a part of the course will be dedicated to the waste-to-energy market, and to the emerging technologies that can be used to convert waste materials into valuable products. A focus on the economical and environmental sustainability issues related to the different sources will be discussed.
This introductive end explanatory part of the course will be prpaedeutic to the second part of the course, in which the students will have to work in groups by chosing a specific topic reated to the content of the course, study it in-depth and then present it in class in a flipped-classroom mode. The deepening of the chosen topic shall include the development of a quantitative exercise to prove the understanding of the engineering aspects of the problem and the capability to analyse the environmental and economical issues related to the exploitment of renewable raw materials.

The lectures and the group projects wil allow the students to:

• know and discuss about data regarding energy markets from fossil and renewable fuels
• know the principles of chemistry and chemical engineering related to the exploitement of renewable raw materials
• evaluate the environmental and economical issues related to the exploitment of renewable raw materials
• analyse problems related to the exploitment and conversion of renewable raw materials from a quantitative point of view
• prepare, present, and discuss a presentation on a topic related to renewable raw materials

The arguments of the course follow the typical scheme of a course of chemical industry, thus illustrating the product relevance, and then investigating the processes and plants for the exploitment of the different energy resources.
More in detail, the course will include the following topics:
1. Overview of the energy market and energy resources. Illustration of the global energy market and comparison between the exploitment of fossil and renewable energies. Introduction on the u se of green sources for the production of chemicals and fuels. Forecasts for the evolution of the renewable energy market for different possible scenarios. Regulatory framework in the energy sector and its consequences on the market.
2. Principles of organic chemistry related to biomass exploitation as energy source. Introduction about chemical properties and reactions that are at the basis of the exploitment of biomasses as energy sources. Oleochemistry related to the production of biodiesel from vegetal or animal oils (esterification and trans-esterification), chemistry of carbohydrates related to the production of bioethanol (fermentation), and other chemical reactions related to the production of biogas or bio-oil.
3. Biomass. This topic represents the central and principal part of the course. Definition of biomass and distinction beetween primary and secondary biomasses. Photosynthesis and chemistry of biomasses. Overview of biomass conversion processes. Thermochemical processes: combustion, gassification, pirolysis. Biochemical processes: transesterification, fermentation, digestion. Description of processes and plants. Economic and environemntal sustainability. Innovative technologies and future perspectives. Biorfeineries: description and classification. Practical examples.
4. Waste-to-energy. Use of organic wastes as biomasses. Description of traditional and new technologies for the waste treatment and its conversion into energy or biofuels. Waste treatment plant design in consideration of economic and environmental issues. Practical examples.
5. Biomass derivates, biopolymers and paper. Description of biomass derivate materials (e.g., cellulose) applied to different industrial sectors, such as pharma, food, etc. Bionass conversion into biopolymers. PLA, PHB as major product obtained by chemical and fermentative processes.

Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
The exam will be represented by the group project and its presentation in class. The topic of the project will have to be pre-authorized by the teacher.
During the classroom presentation, the students will have to prove to have gone in depth into the problem. The evaluation of the group project and of the presentation will be based on the capability of the student to demonstrate the acquisition of the topics explained during the course, to carry out a numerical evaluation related to the topic exposed, and to expose the presentation in a clear and effective manner.
The grade will be individual, and it will be based on the oral expsition as well as on the capability to answer specific questions related to the topic presented.

null Beep
Note: The bibliography of the course is dispensed at each lesson. It includes scientific papers, books chapters, and technical sheets.

The main Learning Goals (LGs) of the course are:
LG1: Understand context, functions, processes in a business and industrial environment and the impact of those factors on business performance. The focus will be in particular on understanding processes of strategic innovation in established organizations, their nature, underlying mechanisms, and impact on sustained competitive advantage.
LG2: Identify future trends, technologies, and key methodologies in a specific domain. The focus will be in particular on identifying the methodologies that allow established organizations to lead processes of strategic innovation
LG3: Design solutions applying a scientific and engineering approach (Analysis, Learning, Reasoning, and Modeling capability deriving from a solid and rigorous multidisciplinary background) to face problems and opportunities in a business and industrial environment. In particular, the focus will be on designing solutions to strategic innovation problems.

The main Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs) of the course are:
With reference to LG1:
ILO1: Classify different types of strategic innovations
ILO2: Interpret how strategic innovation impacts sustained competitive advantage
ILO3: Analyse the factors that affect the ability of an established organization to pursue processes of strategic innovation
With reference to LG2:
ILO4: Illustrate the process that establish organization should follow to successfully pursue strategic innovation
ILO5: Classify the tools and approaches that should be used in this process to ensure success in strategic innovation
With reference to LG3:
ILO7: Design a process of strategic innovation in established organizations
ILO8: Interpret the role of purpose in strategic innovation processes

Content
Strategic innovation can be defined as the creation of growth strategies, new product categories, services or business models that change the game and generate significant new value for the company and its stakeholders. Confronted with extraordinary and unpredictable shifts in the competitive landscape, fast-changing customer needs, and technological disruptions, companies need to develop a capability to re-think their existing sources of value creation and capture, challenge the status-quo, embark in deep transformations, and this much more frequently than what happened only a few years ago. Any manager and business professional needs today to understand the challenges that strategic innovation poses, the approaches that are needed to trigger and implement it, and the capabilities that leading strategic innovation requires. This course is aimed at providing an answer to these needs by equipping students with the concepts, tools and skills that will help them (i) understand the importance of strategic innovation for today’s sustained competitive advantage, (ii) create conditions in which strategic innovation can flourish (iii) trigger and realize a process of strategic innovation, across all the levels of change that it entails. In particular, the course will explain the importance of purpose as a key force to shape strategic innovation processes, to generate energy and commitment toward ambitious results, and to deliver positive impact on society while enabling the long-term survival of the company.
Approach
The course relies on an experience-based, peer-to-peer learning approach, whereby students will be asked to work in teams on a challenging assignment to critically reflect on the key concepts taught during the program, to design a real strategic innovation initiative, and to present the output of their work to the entire class and to the instructors, to share experiences and points of view. Most of the lectures will also feature an interactive session during which the instructors will stimulate discussion and knowledge sharing in the class, starting from a series of cases and articles that will be shared with the students in advance. Moreover, this course starts from the assumption that strategic innovation is such a complex and multifaceted discipline that it requires exposure to practical experiences to be understood and learnt. Therefore, it will rely on a considerable number of guest lectures and speeches from professionals, top managers, and practitioners, which will provide a deep-dive and hands-on view of the topics covered by the program.
Structure
To succeed in Strategic Innovation, any manager and business leader will have to face two distinct, although interrelated challenges. On the one hand, he/she must establish in the organization a set of conditions, practices, processes that allow it to be fertile ground where strategic innovation can flourish. On the other hand, once an idea of strategic innovation is identified, he/she has to be able to trigger and implement this process of strategic change and transformation. The structure of the course reflects these two challenges.
The Strategic Innovation course is an intermediate-level course in strategy, which means that the basic concepts of strategic management are considered as taken-for-granted as part of the preparation of the student. In order to carry out the mandatory team assignment in a meaningful way, which accounts for 40% of the final mark for this course, it is necessary to have a solid knowledge of the core concepts of strategic management, such as: strategic decision and strategic analysis (PESTEL, SWOT); business strategy, value chain analysis, competitive advantage, competitive forces, generic strategies; corporate portfolio strategy, diversification and portfolio matrices, mergers and acquisitions; resource-based view, blue ocean strategy, business model design and innovation, digital disruption. Students of the MSc in Management Engineering of Politecnico di Milano should have covered all these topics in the Strategy & Marketing course, which is compulsory for every 1 st -year MSc Management Engineering student. For a more structured explanation, please refer to R o bert M. Grant “Contemporary Strategy Analysis” handbook.

Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
There will be two alternative pathways for assessment, regarding which the student will have to decide which one to choose.
Pathway "Team Assignment". The student will have to carry out two team assignments, organized as two group essays on the same number of business case studies, with given questions. The deadlines for submitting the two team assignments will be within the lecture period (between October and December), and sequential (the team assignments won't be done in parallel). Marks for the team assignments will be shared to each team shortly after the submission deadline for each assignment. Deadlines will be communicated in due time. Therefore, the final evaluation will be:
Evaluation of the team assignments: 40%
Individual oral exam: 60%
Teams will be formed in the early weeks of the course. Failure to submit the team assignment within the deadline will result in a mark of 0/30 for each student that belongs to that specific team. The final mark for the team assignments has a 1-year validity. Both the team assignment and the oral exam are mandatory and both need to be equal or higher than 18/30 to pass the exam. A peer review feedback will be distributed at the end of the course, and it will grant a plus or a minus to the final mark.
Pathway "Individual Assignment". The student will have to carry out one, individual assignment based on a specific business case study, with given questions, to be submitted a deadline that will be communicated in due time. In any case, the deadline will be after the end of the semester and before the beginning of the exam session. The final evaluation will be:
Evaluation of the individual assignment: 40%
Individual oral exam: 60%
The final mark for the individual assignment has a 1-year validity. Failure to submit the individual assignment within the deadline will result in a mark of 0/30 for the student. Both the individual assignment and the oral exam are mandatory and both need to be equal or higher than 18/30 to pass the exam.

Manelli, Luca, Strategic Innovation: Digital Kit (2nd edition), Editore: Egea, Anno edizione: 2025, ISBN: 9791222980447 https://www.egeaonline.it/ita/prodotti/strategia/strategic-innovation-2e.aspx

GOALS
The goals of this course are to enable students to understand and interpret the current competitive and marketing environment and their evolution; and to evaluate their impact on business performance. This course will allow students to understand a Company’s value generation mechanisms and its strategic and marketing processes in the light of the ongoing digital transformation, and how to translate these processes into managerial activities.
The course will present the major concepts, theories, methodologies and tools to support the strategic and marketing decision making process. It will also introduce the strategic methodologies and tools to launch a new business, either within an existing company or through a startup company. The discussion of business cases and real-world examples, will encourage students to examine and get familiar with the abovementioned theories and models as well as their practitional implications.
The course focuses on strategic and marketing concepts and models that can be applied to both for-profit and non-for-profit organizations, as well as for initiatives with a positive impact on several dimensions and domains (e.g. social, environmental), starting from a holistic perspective that assesses the ability of companies to generate both tangible and intangible value to guarantee sustainable growth.

EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES
Dublin Descriptors
MsC Learning goals – Management Engineering
Expected learning outcomes
DdD 1: Knowledge and understanding
Understand context, functions, p rocesses and performance
Students will:
Understand and interpret the current competitive environment and its evolution
Understand a Company’s strategic and marketing processes and the related operational activities
Know the main steps and processes employed when launching a new business
DdD 2: Applying knowledge and understanding
Identify trends, technologies and key methodologies in a specific domain
Students will:
Identify and apply the appropriate tools to analyze the competitive environment (including the impacts of political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal trends) and the Company strategy
Discern and select the appropriate strategic approaches and marketing practices for different company typologies
Identify the appropriate strategic methodologies and tools to launch a new business

TOPICS
Strategy
Concepts, theories and models supporting the strategic decision making process. The main topics are: strategy, strategic decision and strategic analysis; business unit strategy, value chain, competitive advantage, competitive forces, SWOT analysis; corporate portfolio strategy, portfolio matrices; strategic innovation and creativity (e.g. resource-based view and blue ocean strategy), business model (design, innovation and validation through Lean Startup Approaches), digital disruption, strategic entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial strategy (introduction to business planning).
Marketing
Concepts, theories and models supporting the marketing decision making process. The main topics are: customer behaviour, segmentation and targeting, value proposition and positioning, branding, marketing mix & customer experience.
The lectures will be supplemented by the active class discussion of business cases and by real-world examples.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i facoltativo (a scelta dello studente), di gruppo, senza revisioni periodiche, senza presentazione/discussione finale
ASSESSMENT
The assessment will be based on the weighted average of a mandatory written exam (50% of final grade) and a mandatory oral exam (50% of final grade) at the end of the course.
Students will also have the possibility to carry out an optional, non-mandatory project work, which will be graded as a -2/+2 decrement/increment to the final grade (calculated, as described above, as the weighted average of the written exam and oral exam).
Written exam
The written exam will introduce a case-based approach. Students will be given a short case relevant to the course at the beginning of the exam session.
Questions: Following the case analysis, students will be required to answer open-ended questions related with:
Assess: Develop an external and/or internal analysis of the competitive scenario
Apply: Demonstrate the ability to use appropriate strategy and marketing tools to address a complex challenge
Envision: Show your skills at developing original and rigorous solutions to the given strategic problem.
Assessment: Written exam grades range from 0 to 30 points and the written exam accounts for 50% of the final grade. It aims to evaluate the individual analytical and theoretical knowledge of each student, as well as the ability to apply theory to practice.
Oral exam
The oral exam will cover all course content and will explore the ability of students to apply Strategy & Marketing concepts in different case-based contexts. Oral exam grades range from 0 to 30 points and accounts for 50% of the final grade. In order to be admitted to the oral exam, the written exam grade should be at least equal to 18.
Optional, non-mandatory project work
Students in groups up to 3 people (from the same Course Section) will be given the possibility to perform an optional, non-mandatory project work requiring an original and real-world implementation of Strategy & Marketing tools and concepts.
The project work will be submitted to the instructor at the end of the course. Project work grades range from -2 to +2 points as decrement or increment to the final grade (calculated, as described above, as the weighted average of the written exam and oral exam).
Please consider that a project work can be evaluated either positively (up to +2 points) or negatively (up to -2 points).
Overall Final Grade
The overall final grade presented to the students will result from sum of the weighted average of the Written Exam grade (50%), the Oral Exam grade (50%) and the -2/+2 decrement/increment from the optional, non-mandatory project work.
[(Written Exam Grade*0.5+Oral Exam Grade*0.5) + (Project Work grade, ranging between -2 and +2)]= Overall Final Grade
The grade “30 cum laude” can be assigned to outstanding performance at the oral exam, and/or thanks to the positive contribution of the optional, non-mandatory project work.
Type of assessment
Descriptor
Written test
· O pen-ended questions with answers on a short case relevant to the course assigned during the written test
Oral test
· Theoretical questions on course content
· Questions to investigate the student ability to make connections among the different topics discussed along the course
· Questions to investigate the student ability to apply the concepts discusses to real business cases and contexts
Optional, non-mandatory project
· Application of the course content to a real business case

R.Grant, Contemporary Strategy, Editore: John Wiley & Sons
P. Kotler,K. Keller, Marketing Management, Editore: Prentice Hall

Industries play the crucial role in enabling and accelerating the transition towards the sustainable development. While this transition is an imperative for abating the climate change and ensure the livable future, it also becomes an indispensable condition for companies to retain competitive advantage and to remain at the market. The course is designed to provide students with concepts and instruments necessary for understanding and analysing industrial practices in terms of their sustainability performance (with a particular focus on environmental performance). The course starts with the principles of industrial ecology, sustainable development, and circular economy concepts. Then, technologies and production practices at company and industrial system levels are introduced and the approaches for their deployment are discussed.
The course is organised in lectures, in-class exercises, and project work.

Identify and analyse opportunities for improving sustainability of industrial processes
Examine the impact of identified measures on sustainability performance of industrial processes
Present solutions and ideas in a professional and constructive way, fostering the value of the teamwork, and using a language adequate to both managers and fellow students

The role of sustainable development and circular economy in transforming production practices and industrial systems
Industrial Symbiosis

Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
The final exam will be based on the public presentation of the group work. Students will face periodic reviews of their project during the whole semester.

The course aims to make students understand how the automation and digital technologies (e.g. Industry 4.0) can contribute to the sustainable and circular transition of the manufacturing sector, both in the process industry and in the discrete manufacturing systems. The students will learn how to analyse the context to select the best technology, the best application scenario and the proper approach to involve in a balanced manner the entire workforce, giving equal opportunities to all, ensuring a sustainable transition of manufacturing companies. The impact evaluation will also be investigated to give students the know-how on how to understand the sustainable related-impacts of their decisions (e.g. energy efficiency and LCA). Among all, the topics tackled will the human-centric manufacturing, the energy efficiency, the life cycle assessment (LCA), the circular manufacturing paradigm, urban factory, waste management and end-of-life management practices. The course, hence, fits into the overall program curriculum pursuing some of the defined general learning goals. In particular, the course contributes to the development of the following capabilities:
Understand context, functions, processes in a business and industrial environment and the impact of those factors on sustainable business performance
Analyse trends, technologies and key methodologies empowering the transition of manufacturing companies towards circular and sustainable processes
Apply solutions based on a scientific and engineering approach (Analysis, Learning, Reasoning, and Modeling capability deriving from a solid and rigorous multidisciplinary background) to face problems and opportunities in a business and industrial environment to face the sustainable development required
Evaluate the solutions applied to make students be aware about the impact of specific decisions.

The main expected learning outcomes for each of the following capabilities are:
Understand: the students will learn how the automation and digital technologies (e.g. Industry 4.0) can contribute to the sustainable and circular transition of the manufacturing sector, both in the process industry as well as in the discrete manufacturing systems
Analyse: the students will learn how analyse the context to select the best technology, the best application scenario and the proper approach to involve the workforce in order to ensure a sustainable transition of a manufacturing company
Apply: the students will apply the knowledge gathered from the lectures and the industrial cases to manufacturing systems in order to design sustainable systems. Quantitative and qualitative techniques will be explained
Evaluation: the impact evaluation will also be assessed in order to give students the know-how on how to understand the sustainable related-impacts of their decisions.

Introduction to Sustainable Manufacturing
Global societal challenges;
Sustainability megatrends;
International frameworks (EU Green Deal, WMF, UN SDGs).
Advanced and Sustainable Manufacturing Strategies
Servitization,
PSS;
Mass customisation;
Hurban factory;
Reshoring;
Strategic role of sustainability.
Sustainability and AI for Sustainability
Digital twins,
Data analytics,
AI for optimisation and predictive maintenance,
sustainability KPIs;
Participatory workshop: digital and sustainability maturity assessment of a manufacturing system.
Human-Centric and Inclusive Manufacturing
Human-centric and social sustainability concepts;
inclusion-by-design;
AI and automation for safe,
Equitable workplaces;
Participatory activity: human-centric system/workstation design exercise.
Energy-Efficient Manufacturing
Energy efficiency frameworks (EU 20-20-20, ISO 50001);
Energy audits;
KPIs;
Lean energy management;
Holistic factory assessment.
Participatory hands-on: simplified Energy Management exercise.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
LCA methodology: functional unit, system boundaries, impact categories;
Participatory hands-on: simplified LCA exercise.
Circular Manufacturing and Circular Economy
Transition to circular systems;
Circularity indicators,
Drivers, barriers;
Waste management.
Visit to MADE Competence Center

Prova orale obbligatoria
The achievements of the students after the attendance to the sustainable manufacturing course will be assessed through an oral exam which will cover all the topics tackled during the lectures to understand their acquired knowledge.

Aim of the course is to provide the elements to address the technical aspects of the management and treatment of municipal solid waste, as well as of some specific waste streams:
Knowledge of the properties and characteristics of waste
Knowledge of EU and Italian legislation on waste
Knowledge of the different options for waste collection
Setting up of integrated waste management schemes and plans
Design of treatment, recovery and disposal plants, such as sorting facilities (MRF), Mechanical-biological treatment plant (MBT), composting and anaerobic digestion plants, energy recovery facilities and landfills
Assessment and control of the environmental impacts of waste treatment plants
Management of selected non-municipal waste streams

Lectures will allow students to:

• know the characteristics of waste and understand a laboratory report (Dublin descriptor: 1)
• understand and apply the proper legislation on waste (Dublin descriptor: 1)
• define an integrated waste management plan (Dublin descriptor: 2)
• understand and control the environmental impacts of waste management and treatment (Dublin descriptor: 1 and 2)
• critically assess different options of waste management (Dublin descriptor: 3)
  The exercises and the projects will allow students to:
• quantitatively define the properties of waste streams (Dublin descriptor: 2)
• preliminarily design a waste treatment plant (Dublin descriptor: 2 and 3)
  The practical activities will allow students to:
• deepen the knowledge of specific waste streams (Dublin descriptor: 1 and 2)
• engage in practical quantitative evaluations related to waste (Dublin descriptor: 4)
• improve their ability to work in group (Dublin descriptor: 4 and 5)

Overall framework: waste production and management in Italy, the EU and in the world
Waste characteristics: waste composition analysis, proximate and elemental analysis, calorific value, biogenic content. Solid Recovered Fuels - SRF
Legislation applicable to waste (in Italy and in the EU)
Waste prevention and re-use: general concepts, decoupling, examples of waste prevention activities
Integrated waste management: general concepts, waste management plans, waste collection strategies and schemes
Material recycling: overall framework, focus on the sorting and recycling of paper, plastic, glass, aluminium
Mechanical-Biological Treatments (MBT): process concepts, mass and energy balances, impacts on the environment
Biological processes (composting, anaerobic digestion): process concepts, mass and energy balances, impacts on the environment
Thermal treatments through combustion in dedicated plants: process concepts, mass and energy balances, impacts on the environment, assessment of biogenic vs. fossil CO2 emissions
Alternative thermal treatments: gasification and pyrolysis; co-combustion in cement kilns and power plants
Landfill disposal: design and operation, leachate and biogas characteristics and management, legislation, aftercare
Assessment and management of selected waste streams: Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), Construction and Demolition waste, End of Live Vehicles, Li-ion batteries, Used Tyres
Introduction to the role of waste management in the circular economy framework
The course includes a series of exercises on the main topics of the teaching program.
A field visit to one or more waste treatment plants is part of the program, together with one or more seminars held by external professionals.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
During the semester
M2C students will have to carry out individually (or in couple) one project related to the preliminary design of a waste treatment plant. The project will be evaluated for its corectness, proper design choices, adequate technical language.
The other students will have to carry out a practical activity in small groups. It will be evaluated based on its comprehensiveness, also during its plenary presentation, which will include a peer-review session.
Both the project and the practical activities cannot be repeated during the year (one-shot)
At the calls
The same rules apply to all students: a written test with exercises and a theoretical question, followed by an oral exam on the whole program. (Rules might change in case of very crowded calls). Both written test and oral exam need to be sufficient (6/10) to achieve the final grade.
The final mark is based on the outcome of the written test, of the oral exam and of the projects or practical activity.

Thomas H. Christensen (Editor), Solid Waste Technology & Management, Volume 1 & 2, Editore: John Wiley & Sons, Anno edizione: 2011, ISBN: 9781405175173
Slides, lecture notes on the key topics. All has to be to be complemented by the students notes. Beep

Technology is one of the most pervasive features of modern society and the impact of technology on society has been a topic of longstanding concern. This course cultivates a critical approach to technology that highlights how technological objects, both old and new, are shaped by the social and cultural contexts in which they are designed, manufactured, and used.
Students are introduced to a corpus of studies that looks at how social relations and society shape technology and get ‘inside technology’, which highlights how the very design of technology (including the artifacts themselves) embodies important social, cultural, ethical, and political assumptions that inform how we use, value, or reject technology. Readings will examine some of the recent work by sociologists, anthropologists, historians, philosophers as well as feminist and postcolonial scholars who have provided new insights into our understanding of the development and dissemination of technology. Throughout we will look at studies of various technologies, such as bridges, the bicycle, the microwave, birth control, financial markets, and the internet.
Students will apply the conceptual and methodological tools from the discussed literature in a case study of a contemporary or emerging technology. This will allow for a more in-depth exploration of the conceptual frameworks provided during this course through the examination of the particular issues and concerns related to a specific technology. Students will critically examine how their selected technology shapes and is shaped by the social context in which it is produced and consumed, and what the implications are of these processes. Throughout the course, students are expected to play an interactive, collaborative, and participatory role by engaging in class discussions, writing exercises, presentations, and peer review.

Dublin Descriptors
Expected learning outcomes
Knowledge and understanding
Students will:
Acquire a broad critical perspective on the ethical and social impacts and implications of technology;
Learn how to recognize and analyze ethical and social aspects and issues inherent to old and emerging technologies;
Be able to understand how technical problems are informed by the socio-cultural contexts in which they occur.
Applying knowledge and understanding
Students will:
Be able to use critical skills in identifying and analyzing technological case studies;
Be able to apply sociological theories to problems created, aggravated or transformed by technologies;
Be able to explore and assess possibilities for addressing social problems generated by technologies.
Making judgements
Students will be able:
To independently analyze the social impact of a technology and the social processes that inform technological development and use;
To evaluate and select the appropriate critical approaches to understanding and addressing social problems generated by technology.
Communication
Students will learn to:
Exercise and improve their scholarly writing skills;
Present the results of their independent research in an effective manner;
Justify their arguments clearly and coherently.
Lifelong learning skills
Students will:
Be better prepared for their future professional life as a critical thinker and communicator;
Be better able to engage critically with issues that affect the society they live in;
Be better able to analyze problems through a theoretical lens.

The course consists of a series of interactive lectures dealing with major topics in social studies of technology. Students are required to come to class prepared and expected to actively participate.
Lectures will discuss a number of approaches central to a critical examination of technology, such as the Social Construction of Technology (SCOT), Feminist and Postcolonial studies of Technology, and Disability Studies. Students will also be introduced to several key conceptual and methodological approaches to technology studies, such as the role of technoscientific controversies, accidents and disasters; studies of maintenance and repair; technological determinism; social constructivism; the agency of artifacts; scripts and affordances; sociomateriality, and cyborg embodiment. During the lectures, students will also be introduced to case studies of contemporary and emerging technologies.
For the final essay, students are expected to focus on the social, ethical, and political dimensions of a topic or case of their choosing, rather the technical aspects of a certain technology. Students are also expected to give a final (group) presentation on a topic of their collective choosing. This topic can be, but need not necessarily be, related to the invidual papers of each student in a group. If students cannot present, they need to submit an additional (shorter) essay.
Students who take the course for 3 CFU instead of 5 CFU can submit a shorter essay.

Altro
Type of assessment
Description
Dublin descriptor
Collective presentations
Develop an argument in which the presented claims are justified by use of relevant literature and sociological argumentation and evidence;
To present this argument in an oral presentation in class in front of the instructor and their fellow students.
1, 3
4, 5
Individual written essay
The individual final essay demonstrates that a student has the capacity to read and engage with the relevant literature, and the ability to apply relevant concept and methods to a case study;
The individual final essay demonstrates an ability to conduct a thorough sociological analysis of a technology, and to communicate the results of this analysis in a clear and comprehensible manner;
The individual final essay discusses the social dynamics that are associated with their chosen case study of a contemporary or emerging technology, and critically reflect on this technology’s social impact and implications.
1, 2
3, 4, 5

H.M. Collins & T. Pinch, The Golem at Large: What you should know about technology
Ron Kline, Technological Determinism
Note: in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2001 (pp. 15495-15498)
Leo Marx, Does Improved Technology Mean Progress?
Note: (1987) Technology Review, 71, 33-41.
Kline, R. & Pinch, T (1996)., Users as Agents of Technological Change: The Social Construction of the Automobile in the Rural United States.
Note: Technology and Culture, 37(4), 763-795.
David, P.A., Clio and the Economics of QWERTY
Note: (1985). The American Economic Review, 75(2), 332-337.
Judy Wajcman, Feminist Theories of Technology
Note: (2010). Cambridge Journal of Economics, 34, 143-152.
Nakamura, L., Indigenous Circuits: Navajo Women and the Racialization of Early Electronic Manufacture
Note: (2014). American Quarterly 66(4), 919-941
Audre Lorde, The Master's Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master's House.
Note: 1983
David Edgerton, The Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History Since 1900
Note: 2007
Couldry, N., Mejias, The Costs of Connection: How Data is Colonizing Human Life and Appropriating It for Capitalism
Note: (2019). Stanford University Press
Noortje Marres, The Costs of Public Involvement: Everyday devices of carbon accounting and the materialization of participation.
Note: (2011). Economy and Society, 40(4), 510-533.
Langdon Winner, Do Artifacts Have Politics?
Note: 1986
David F Noble, Social Choice in Machine Design: The Case of Automatically Controlled Machine Tools
Judy Wajcman, Technofeminism
Note: 2004

The course provides the fundamental principles of thermodynamics to be applied in the study of single and multicomponent systems resembling the main scenarios occurring in process industry and industrial equipment (e.g., separation of products, production of components via chemical reactions). In particular, the aim is to give an overview of the principles to be applied in the estimation of liquid-vapor equilibrium and phase separation, reaction equilibrium and rate.

Passing the exam, the student will:
know the fundamental principles of mass and energy balance equations, phase equilibrium and phase equilibrium in presence of chemical reaction
apply the theoretical aspects to specific problems, mimicking industrial processes
provide a critical analysis and comment the obtained outcomes, eventually proposing alternatives

Introduction to thermodynamics: meaning of thermodynamics. Definition of isolated, closed and open systems. Extensive and intensive state variables. First and second law of thermodynamics.
Perfect gas and correlated properties. Phase diagrams (P-v, P-T, T-v)
Equations of state: Van der Waals, introduction to cubic equations, corresponding state. Estimation of Gibbs energy and residual properties.
Direct and indirect methods to calculate the properties of liquid phase.
Phase equilibrium: characteristic thermodynamic variables, Clausius Clapeyron equation, Antoine equation, concept of fugacity
Mixtures: properties, definition of partial molar property, Gibbs theorem for perfect gases and evaluation of the ideal gas mixture properties
Liquid mixtures: definition of ideal mixture and calculation of the thermodynamic properties. Indirect methods, Lewis-Randall rule. Definition of excess properties. Activity coefficient.
Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE): Gibbs phase rule, qualitative evaluation of liquid-vapor equilibrium and phase diagram (T-P-composition). Azeotrope definition. Boiling point and dew point. Rault laws.
Supercritical compounds: definition and fundamental properties. Henry constant.
Multicomponent systems: mass balance, energy balance and reaction conditions

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Prova orale obbligatoria
The final evaluation consists of two parts: a written exam and an oral exam.
The written exam is aimed to test and verify the problem-solving ability of the student in specific thermodynamic contests. The correct use of equations, the correct results and critical comments of the outcomes will be evaluated.
The oral exam consists in two questions regarding the topics of the course. The student should demonstrate the knowledge of the discussed argument, using the technical vocabulary and showing the ability to support an oral independent discussion.
The oral exam can be performed only following an evaluation of at least 18/30 in the written part.
The final mark will be the average of the written and oral parts.

R. Rota, Fondamenti di termodinamica dell'ingegneria chimica, Editore: Pitagora edizioni Bologna
C. Borgnakke, R. E. Sonntag, Fundamentals of Thermodynamics, International Adaptation, Editore: John Wiley & Sons Inc, Anno edizione: 2022
R.E. Sonntag, C. Borgnakke, Fundalmentals of thermodynamics, Editore: John Wiley & Sons Inc, Anno edizione: 2003
Notes of the lecturer

Due to the growing sensitivity and awareness of environmental issues, and increasingly stringent regulations, water treatment technologies are a rapidly growing area of engineering. This course aims at filling educational gaps on advanced water-related technologies, with particular focus on the application of advanced oxidation and reduction methods to pollution sensing and abatement. Many of the technologies presented are not available on an industrial scale and aim to address environmental problems that conventional technologies are unable to effectively tackle. The program includes plasma processes, sonolysis, ionizing processes, photochemical and photocatalytyic processes and all electrochemical technologies industrially applied for the detection and removal of pollutants. The course will provide a comprehensive coverage of the theory and practice. The value of the course will be enhanced by lessons given by industry representatives, both in the field of technologies manufacturing and water managing.
XXX
La crescente sensibilità e consapevolezza nei confronti delle problematiche ambientali, unitamente a normative sempre più stringenti, rendono le tecnologie per il trattamento delle acque uno dei settori dell'ingegneria in più rapida evoluzione.
L'insegnamento si propone di colmare le lacune formative nell'ambito delle tecnologie avanzate per il trattamento delle acque, con particolare attenzione all'applicazione dei processi avanzati di ossidazione e riduzione per il monitoraggio e l'abbattimento degli inquinanti. Molte delle tecnologie presentate non sono ancora disponibili su scala industriale e sono finalizzate ad affrontare problematiche ambientali che le tecnologie convenzionali non sono in grado di risolvere in modo efficace.
Il programma comprende i processi al plasma, la sonolisi, i processi basati su radiazioni ionizzanti, i processi fotochimici e fotocatalitici, nonché le principali tecnologie elettrochimiche impiegate a livello industriale per il rilevamento e la rimozione degli inquinanti.
L'insegnamento offre una trattazione completa sia degli aspetti teorici sia delle applicazioni pratiche. Il percorso formativo è inoltre arricchito da interventi di esperti provenienti dal settore industriale, attivi sia nella progettazione e produzione di tecnologie per il trattamento delle acque sia nella gestione delle risorse idriche.

The students are expected to acquire familiarity with modern engineering technologies for water remediation and pollution detection.
In particular, upon completion of the semester the student will be able to:
understand and describe the role of physico-chemical advanced technology in water remediation;
classify the unconventional methods applied to water analysis and water treatment;
autonomou sly recognize, compare and evaluate the various technologies considered during the semester relative to the target;
****
Gli studenti dovranno acquisire familiarità con moderne tecnologie per la decontaminazione delle acque.
In particolare, al termine del semestre gli studenti dovranno essere in grado di:
1. comprendere e descrivere il ruolo delle tecnologie fisico-chimiche non convenzionali nel settore del trattamento delle acque
2. classificare i metodi non convenzionali applicati all'anaisi ed al trattamento delle acque
3. riconoscere, confrontare e valutare in modo autonomo l'efficacia delle diverse tecnologie considerate durante il semestre in relazione allo specifico obiettivo nell'ambito del trattamento delle acque.

Introduction
(Cold) Plasma processes
Ionizing processes
Gamma-rays
Electron-beam
Microwaves
Sonolysis
Photochemical processes
Photocatalytic processes
Electrochemical technologies
Electrochemical oxidation
Electrochemical reduction
Electroflotation
Electrocoagulation
Electrodyalisis
Electrochemical disinfection
Electrochemical sensing of pollutants
Potentiometric sensors
Amperometric-coulometric detection of pollutants
Voltammetric detection of pollutants
Polarographic detection of pollutants
Amperometric gas sensors
Stripping analysis
Conductivity detectors
Photoassisted detection of pollutants
Innovative teaching: several lectures will be given by industry representatives.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Written exam consisting in 3-5 open questions, including 2 general questions and 1-3 specific questions. The student is expected to be able to describe the various technologies presented in the course using a suitable technical language, and to discriminate among different techniques selecting the most suitable one(s) with reference to a specific practical study case.
****
Esame scritto, 3-5 domande a risposta aperta delle quali 2 di carattere generale e 1-3 specifiche. Lo studente vorà essere in grado di descrivere le varie tecnologie presentate nel corso utilizzando un linguaggio tecnico appropriato, e di discriminare tra le diverse tecnologie selezionando quella/quelle più adatta/e a risolvere specifici problemi di inquinamento.

The course aims at delivering elements of design, operation, and safety in water resources management, with special emphasis upon the assessment and sustainable management
under given hydrological forcing, and upon impact of transient climate variability.
Applicative focus will be cast upon case study areas within Lombardy, and in general northern Italy, to provide paradigmatic examples of activity in the field of water resources for Civil and Environmental Engineers.
A number of classworks will be carried out, pursuing numerical calculation using EXCELS(R), displaying paradigmatic examples of water resources design for real world catchments, so providing examples of application of the theoretical concepts as proposed.

The students will learn a number of state of the art concepts, techniques, and methods, usable in the practice of water resources assessment, design of hydraulic structures, and safety assessment, including under non-stationary conditions under global, and climate change, as necessary nowadays in the field of water resources management.

Course topics
1) Water resources assessment, and withdrawals. Basics of water budget. Alpine catchments.
Hydrologic modeling, space and time scale. Non-stationary climatic forcing, basic concepts of global warming, and climate change. Flow duration
curves, minimum in-stream flows.
2) Design and management of impoundment. Lakes, reservoirs. Design of reservoirs. Water allocation methods. Direct and inverse flow routing. Minimum flow release, effects of reservoirs. Storage long term simulation, stationary and non-stationary forcing.
3) Safe design of hydraulic structures. Design of hydraulics structures with uncertainty. Flood estimation using regional methods, VAPI flood evaluation method, basics. Design of reservoirs spillways, levees, hydraulic structures with uncertainty, simplified methods (e.g. FOSM).
4) Reservoirs maintenance. Soil filling impoundments. Assessment, effects on storage capacity, level volume curves. Flushing strategies, and ecological impacts.

Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, individuale, senza revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
Evaluation will be according to an oral examination, with duration 30-45 minutes.
During the oral examination, the students will discuss the contents of the course with the teacher.
Also, the students will deliver a few days before the oral, a written report, with a discussion of the practical classworks as developed during the course.
The content of the report will also be discussed during the oral examination.