urban planning and policy design - pianificazione urbana e politiche territoriali

By the end of the course, students will be able to:
Develop a critical understanding of the concepts of fragility, resilience, and antifragility, and assess their relevance for contemporary urban and spatial planning.
Interpret the processes through which urban systems become fragile in response to environmental, social, economic, and institutional transformations across different scales.
Acquire analytical and methodological tools to design adaptive, inclusive, and antifragile planning strategies, capable of embracing uncertainty as a driver of learning, innovation, and urban transformation.
Critically evaluate urban policies, planning practices, and international case studies through interdisciplinary perspectives, with particular attention to spatial justice, governance, and sustainable urban development

Expected Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
Explain and critically discuss the main theoretical approaches to fragility, resilience and antifragility, and their implications for planning theory and practice.
Analyse fragile and transitional urban contexts by identifying systemic vulnerabilities, adaptive capacities, and opportunities for transformative change.
Apply qualitative research methods—including literature reviews, policy analysis, interviews, and case study research—to investigate complex urban phenomena.
Develop and communicate critical analyses and planning proposals through collaborative research outputs, effectively using written, oral, and multimedia formats.
Assess and justify planning and policy strategies aimed at fostering antifragile urban development, considering their spatial, social, institutional, and political implications.

Contemporary cities are increasingly shaped by overlapping crises: climate change, growing social inequalities, infrastructural decay, and rapid urbanization. In this landscape of uncertainty, the concepts of fragility and antifragility offer powerful lenses through which urban planners can analyze, design, and respond to complex urban dynamics.
Fragility is not merely about weakness or failure—it reveals the hidden dependencies, systemic vulnerabilities, and spatial injustices embedded in the urban fabric. In contrast, antifragility, as defined by authors like Nassim Nicholas Taleb (2012), is not just about resilience; it describes the ability of a system to adapt, transform, and even improve when exposed to shocks, volatility, or stress. Unlike fragile systems that break under pressure or robust systems that endure without changing, antifragile systems thrive and improve when exposed to challenges. Antifragility refers thence to the ability of a system or entity to benefit from stressful events, volatility, disorder, and stressors. This concept builds upon and tries to further develop the concepts of resilience and robustness, suggesting that a resilient system resists shocks and remains the same, while an antifragile system improves and evolves as a result of such events, taking advantage of uncertainty.
The course will introduce students to these concepts, with specific attention to the urban realm, investigating how fragility and antifragility manifest in urban systems—physically, socially, and institutionally—and how planners can engage with these dynamics in the production and transformation of space. Through a multidisciplinary approach that combines urban theory, spatial justice, design thinking, and complexity science, the course, on the one hand, will explore processes of fragilization at local and global levels; on the other, it will explore approaches, tools, and strategies for planning more adaptive, inclusive, and responsive cities.
The course is structured around theoretical inputs, case study analysis, and discussion, focusing on vulnerable or transitional urban contexts. Students will develop a critical framework and explore methodolog ies for designing interventions that not only withstand disruptions but harness them as opportunities for equitable urban transformation.
Furthermore, the course will introduce several important implications for planning, policy design and urban design. Instead of trying to control or eliminate uncertainty, antifragile planning might harness it as a source of learning and improvement. This also means that plans, strategies,and design could be flexible and adaptable to changing circumstances, building the ability for society to react in the face of unexpected events. Moving from theory to practice will mean, for example, looking at planning, focusing not only on what to do, but also on what to avoid, so as not to make systems even more fragile. But also providing the necessary flexibility to allow social actors to preserve their autonomy and to allow social and institutional actors to generate and implement good ideas. As well as granting the possibility of having different options (possibilities, rights, capabilities) without obligations or constraints, to take advantage of unpredictable opportunities, and limiting the possible damage resulting from threats.
When applied to complex systems such as cities, territories, institutions, and organizations, antifragility can involve the redistribution of resources and power, as well as a radical change in the model of development. For this reason, strategies to achieve antifragility will also be considered as political processes, within a context of conflict in which the meanings and values of a territorial development model are redefined.
The course will be organised through a mix of lectures, research seminars, and class work, promoting an interactive learning cycle in which students will be developing research and learning activities based upon international cases and readings.
The learning activities will include: l ectures supported by multimedia presentations; g uided readings of essays, articles, and case studies; s eminar discussions and collective critical debates; g roup work on an applied project focused on fragile or transitional urban contexts; g uest lectures by architects, urban planners, sociologists, and policy makers.

Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
For attending students:
Students who actively participate in lectures, seminars, and group work will be assessed as follows:
Active participation in class discussions and seminar activities (20%)
Critical analysis of a case study, in small groups — in the form of a video-podcast on a fragile or transitional urban context, where elements of antifragility in planning can be found, with a final presentation (80%): the podcast is based on the production of interviews, policy papers review, and literature review, among others. The final exam is based on the presentation of the work done for the podcast preparation and the quality of the product (accuracy, clarity, in-depth critical analysis).
For non-attending students:
Students who are unable to attend the course regularly will be assessed through an individual format:
ORAL EXAM on a bibliography proposed by the professor based upon:
A theoretical analysis of the concepts of fragility and antifragility
A discussion of one or more relevant case studies
A critical reflection on spatial and social implications
Non-attending students are required to study the full reading list provided in the syllabus, with additional materials recommended by the instructor.

Francesco Curci, Daniele Chiffi ( editors), Fragility and Antifragility in Cities and Regions Space, Uncertainty and Inequality, Editore: Edward Elgar Publishing, Anno edizione: 2024, ISBN: 9781035312559 https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollbook-oa/book/9781035312559/9781035312559.xml
Note: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035312559
Edited ByJim Bohland, Simin Davoudi, Jennifer Lawrence, The Resilience Machine, Editore: Routledge, Anno edizione: 2018, ISBN: 9781351211185 https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781351211185/resilience-machine-simin-davoudi-jim-bohland-jennifer-lawrence
Note: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781351211185/resilience-machine-simin-davoudi-jim-bohland-jennifer-lawrence

By two joined modules of teaching – Urbanism: Issues and Tools and Town Planning History – the integrated course of Urbanism History and Practice aims at providing a survey and discussion of some main questions and issues concerning contemporary urban planning practices and tools, framing today’s urbanism practice in a historical perspective of understanding both the urban transformations of the last century and town planning evolution.

At the end of the course, as an outcome both of lectures and bibliographical readings, in the final oral interview students are expected to demonstrate:

• awareness of challenges, perspectives and approaches in urbanism of today;
• capacity to manage and discuss issues and key concepts of contemporary debate and practice in urbanism;
• awareness of the specific role of planning tools in shaping the form of an urban plan;
• ability to recognize and manage the different roles played by visual representation in the city planning process;
• awareness of the historical nature of urban phenomena and approaches to urban planning;
• capacity to situate contemporary planning issues and practices within a critical historical discourse.
  Through the practical tasks of the course students are expected to demonstrate:
• capability to collect, read, describe and review contemporary urban plans, including the ability to analyze visual languages they use;
• the ability to place contemporary actions and planning documents within a historical framework of critical understanding:
• the ability to analyze them with a critical awareness of the choices and technical approaches adopted;
• capability to communicate all that in effective products and formats (i.e., a paper, a poster, a presentation, etc.), with emphasis on developing a complete, mature and robust visual apparatus.

The module of Urbanism: Issues and Tools focusing on the contemporary city’s phenomenon and its features will discuss ways and opportunities of a “compositional” approach in urban planning – looking for meaningful spatial re-organizational criteria in the heterogeneous and stratified urban scenarios of today in order to gain better habitability conditions. Then, also through examples and case studies of planning practice, some key words and key concepts of today’s Urbanism will be investigated to focus on both planning issues and challenges as well as the possible tools and forms of project to address them.
The module of Town Planning History will begin by tracing the development of the Western city in the 20th century, highlighting pivotal moments and referencing different historiographical positions. Thereafter, a series of specific cases and issues will provide the opportunity to reconsider certain elements and phases of this history.

Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
The final mark will combine together the evaluation of an assigned task (50%) and the assessment of a final oral examination (50%).
At least a sufficient mark (18/30) must be obtained in both the practical task and the oral interview to pass the exam.
Practical tasks
Attending students, organized in small groups, will develop throughout the course a critical review and discussion – consisting of a presentation and a poster – about a case study of a contemporary city-wide urban plan. This critical review will be deepened, updated and revised throughout the semester, and presented in a final seminar.
Non-attending students – who will work individually – are required to write a paper about a case study of a contemporary urban plan and to submit it by the end of the course (to take the final exam in January/February 2027), or by the end of May 2027 (to take the final exam in June/July or September 2027).
Detailed instructions for both attending and non-attending students will be provided on the WeBeep online platform.
Oral examination
The final oral exam will deal with the contents of the course (lectures) and the bibliographical references included in the official list that will be provided at the beginning of the course and uploaded on the WeBeep online platform. Sources on specific cases and topics will be suggested during lectures as well.
The oral exam is mandatory for both attending and non-attending students.

Robert Freestone (ed.), Urban Planning in a Changing World, Editore: E & FN SPon, Anno edizione: 2000, ISBN: 0-419-24650-9
Patrizia Gabellini, Avvicinarsi all'urbanistica / Approaching Urbanism, Editore: Planum Publisher, Roma-Milano, Anno edizione: 2024, ISBN: 9788899237394 https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSej37H_AwU1cAVz95xGK9MqLqpIaIwPO0WKo6UGNd7ma78DOg/viewform?pli=1
Carlo Gasparrini, In the city on the cities, Editore: LIST Lab, Trento, Anno edizione: 2015, ISBN: 978-8898774357
Eric Mumford, Designing the Modern City: Urbanism Since 1850, Editore: Yale University Press, Anno edizione: 2018, ISBN: 978-0-300-20772-9

The Master Plans Studio encompasses the subjects of Urban Design and Urban Design Process Management and explores the updating of master planning practices in the challenges of urban regeneration.

The teaching and learning experience is multilevel, for this reason the course is articulated in three phases.
During the first phase students will be gain the capacity to make a meaningful description/interpretation of the selected area for the project;
During the second phase they will be able to define a spatial and temporal strategy to regenerate the selected area, considering both the territorial and urban levels (relationships, connections), and the local level (how to give form and organization to the specific built and open spaces). Through the choice and discussion of some case studies students will explore the complexity of transferring solutions from one situation to another;
During the third phase students will define the transformation actions to give form and organization to spaces in accordance with the strategy, and the specific issues and needs of regeneration emerged in the previous phases (also with the definition of abacus and guidelines for the project). Through a synthetic relation they must communicate the logic and the main concepts of their work.
At the end students will be able to use some relevant tools, but also to understand the typical contemporary regeneration problem s: because areas are totally or partially abandoned, because their transformation has been interrupted, because need to be refurbished or redefined for a lack of safety or functions, to contain energy dispersions, to host various activities and populations, etc.

The Project of Proximity. Questioning the Infrastructure of everyday life
The Master Plans Studio (MPS) aims to explore the theme of proximity in the contemporary city through the tools of Urban design. Proximity represents a key concept for the contemporary urban realm, questioning the theme of accessibility and public services and facilities: how can proximity be reinterpreted through the existing stock of everyday infrastructures? This stock of spaces and services can play a crucial role for the cities, toward more equal and just conditions and their ecological transition. Is there space for urban design in shaping and orientating these processes?
The Studio will focus on proximity as a project and will experiment it through a series of cases centred on everyday infrastructures, where a plurality of heterogeneous urban materials coexist as a legacy of different periods of expansion, transformation, and consolidation of the city. This multiplicity of built and open spaces (schools, public libraries, sports facilities, youth centers, swimming pools…) gives the possibility to address a catalogue of criticalities on the one side and, on the other, with potential solutions to improve the quality of everyday life and its environmental/ecological conditions. Proximity represents a key concept for this social infrastructure and urban design could play a crucial role in shaping and orientating its leading role in the ecological and inclusive transition of the city.
The MPS will be articulated through interpretive and design explorations, oriented toward working on the existing city, interweaving ecological sustainability needs, welfare demands, and new forms of living. This will allow not only to engage with different types of spaces, but also to reflect on the current processes of urban regeneration and the need to elaborate overall development designs and strategies through the redefinition of the relationships between indoor and outdoor spaces of facilities, the continuity of open spaces, and the design of public space and collective landscape.
In particular, throughout the Studio students will explore the spaces of everyday infrastructures and collective facilities (schools, sports and cultural centres, public libraries, youth and civic centres, social and health services, playgrounds, sports facilities, swimming pools and public baths, etc.) understood as multifunctional poles of urbanity operating at different scales. While specific in their spatial and service-related functions, these infrastructures will be approached through the broader relational spaces they generate, looking beyond their sectoral boundaries. Through their analysis and design, students will investigate their intersections with other key urban questions, including housing complexes and the legacy of twentieth-century neighborhood planning; the redesign of street networks as public spaces, moving beyond the exclusive hegemony of the car towards more sustainable forms of mobility and collective life; and urban design strategies for climate adaptation and ecological transition, particularly in peripheral and urban edge conditions.
The MPS aims to provide an opportunity to integrate the critical reading of urban space and the design exploration of its transformation. Within this framework, students are invited to grapple with an approach to urban design that interweaves an analytical-descriptive dimension with exploratory-design research, which is able to hold together multiple scales, historical, quantitative and cartographic interpretations, with a closer look at the material conditions and practices that shape the infrastructures under investigation. It is intended to develop design reflections that are also able to define the technical, managerial, and processual characters of a possible transformation for some parts of the city.
The research and design activities will be carried out in groups and organized in phases, with specific deliverables subject to intermediate evaluation. A collaborative research approach will be adopted. On-site visits and discussions with stakeholders, experts, and local communities are planned. A series of lectures will be complemented by presentations and reviews, seminar discussions in class, and short workshops. Specific bibliographies and design references will be provided during the lectures and reviews

Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
The two MPS modules ( Urban design and Urban design process management ) will give a single joint evaluation. The evaluation will consider all the presentations and works produced by each group of students during the Studio (first, intermediate and final submission), with particular attention to the Final seminar and delivery. The Course’s presence is mandatory: each student has to be present at least 70% of the Course’s lectures and daily activity.

Avermaete Tom, Gosseye Janina (eds.), Urban Design in the 20th Century. A History, Editore: gta Verlag, Anno edizione: 2021, ISBN: 978-3856764180
The Foundational Economy Collective, Foundational Economy. The infrastructure of everyday life, Editore: Manchester University Press, Anno edizione: 2018, ISBN: 978-1-5261-6468-1 https://foundationaleconomy.com/
Gandhy Matthew, Natura Urbana. Ecological Constellations in Urban Space, Editore: MIT Press, Anno edizione: 2022, ISBN: 9780262046282
Klinenberg Eric, Palaces for the People, Editore: Crown, Anno edizione: 2018, ISBN: 978-1524761165
Pileri Paolo, Renzoni Cristina, Savoldi Paola, School Squares. Reinventing the dialogue between school and city, Editore: Corraini, Anno edizione: 2022, ISBN: 9791254930144
Curci Francesco, Chiffi Daniele (eds.), Fragility and antifragility in cities and regions: space, uncertainty and inequality, Editore: Edward Elgar Publishing, Anno edizione: 2024, ISBN: 978-1-0353-1254-2

Questo insegnamento contribuisce al raggiungimento dei seguenti Obiettivi di Sviluppo Sostenibile dell'Agenda ONU 2030:
SDG11 - SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES
SDG13 - CLIMATE ACTION

The Planning Theory course will offer an articulated introduction to the evolution of planning theories with a specific focus on topics and challenges emerging in the last decades. The main objective of the course is to critically explore the most relevant international trends in planning culture, moving from the early experiences in the Twentieth century to the most recent elaborations in response to contemporary challenges, such as climate change, increasing inequalities, the digital turn.
The first reference framework is the town planning tradition of the first modernity. Large part of the subsequent planning culture has been conceived as a critique of this (technocratic) tradition, based on issues such as the limits of spatial (physical) planning, that neglects some crucial dimensions of urban problems (social, economic, environmental, political ones); the limits of traditional forms of interaction between institutions and other actors involved. The first part of the course will therefore be devoted to a critical appraisal and discussion of the early spatial planning tradition, through readings of European and American authors.
Starting from significant critiques in the Sixties to traditional technocratic planning culture, the research of alternative approaches has moved along different paths, which will be introduced and discussed in depth in the remaining modules. The second part of the course will thus be focused on an in-depth exploration of the main contemporary planning theories and practices, with the aim of identifying critical nodes, elements of continuity and discontinuity, theoretical and political shortcomings, ability to address the most critical global and local challenges. Collaborative, environmentally oriented, urban-design focused approaches will be discussed using literature and examples, in some cases with the involvement of invited speakers. Cases of plans, policies and projects will be central to the critical discussion.
A wide bibliographic repertoire in English will be made available to students for the necessary in-depth examination and discussion.

Prova scritta condizionata (a scelta del docente), senza prove in itinere
Prova orale facoltativa (a scelta dello studente)
Attending students can choose to take either a written exam or an oral exam (in both cases based on open questions focused on topics covered by the programme and intended to reveal the student's ability to connect the various topics).
Non attending students will take the oral exam and study an additional bibliography.

Yvonne Rydin, Theory in Planning Research, Editore:, Anno edizione:, Editore: Palgrave Mc Millan, Anno edizione: 2021

This course aims to equip students with critical and practical tools to consider the social implications of current spatial and economic transformations in the city.

Students are expected to improve their skills in the following ways:
1. To reach a specialised, updated knowledge of the issue at stake based on the study of the proposed literature and collective discussion in class; to develop a critical, individual approach to this literature
2. To develop a good capacity to understand different theoretical approaches: to be able to write a short written report on such literature
3. To develop the capacity to study a specific urban issue and make subjective judgements on the relevance/implications of the results; to be able to present the study results through oral presentation in class
4. To be able to recognise what they have learned and how these new skills can be used in their future academic career.

The course is based on the contribution of urban and economic sociology to understand the characteristics, problems and dynamics of contemporary cities. It does not require any previous knowledge in sociology. The course mobilises multi-disciplinary contributions in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the issues at stake, which is preliminary to policy and planning intervention. Students are asked to enrich their theoretical knowledge through specific readings and are optionally invited to carry out a specific deskwork.
Current social and economic changes redefine the configuration of contemporary cities and raise new concerns about socio-spatial inequality. Urban policy plays a crucial role in the creation of spaces and opportunities for social integration. The aim of the course is to give the student some critical instruments to consider the social impact of recent and current transformations of the city.
The course will be focused on the analysis of the social and economic transformations taking place in many cities in the last century and space related impacts. A specific focus will be on dynamics of segregation and gentrification processes.
The course will be organized in three parts. First, we will review the basic concepts elaborated by sociology to understand urban changes. The second part will be focused on urban segregation, and the third one on gentrification.
The active participation of students throughout the course will be encouraged and evaluated. Students will be asked on a voluntary basis to prepare a short individual presentation (10 minutes) to be given in class by addressing one of the themed issues presented in the syllabus. Up to three presentations will be allowed to be given for each class, under reservation. The presentation will be evaluated with additional 0-2 points (according to its quality).

Prova scritta obbligatoria, con prove in itinere
For attending students the evaluation will consist in:
a written exam based on the indicated bibliography, the professor’s lectures and students’ oral presentations
the individual presentation eventually given in class (0-2 additional points)
Students have two options for the exam:

• they can opt for three intermediary short written exams, to be done mid-October, mid-November and mid- December. The program covered in each exam will include all the topics, readings and presentations already considered in class, which means that the exam contents won't be split in three parts. Students choosing this option won't have to take any additional exam in January. Anyway they can discuss the final mark with the teacher.
• they can opt for one final comprehensive long written exam to be done in the exams' dates.
  The bibliography will consist in a collection of readings of the course. Students are invited to s ee the syllabus – that will be uploaded on Beep – for the list of book chapters and journal articles to be prepared.
  For non attending students the evaluation will consist in:
  a written exam on the indicated bibliography.
  The bibliography will consist in a collection of readings of the course and a textbook of Urban Sociology (see bibliography)

Various authors, Readings of the course
Note: These reading are compulsory for all students, both attending and non attending. See the syllabus for the detailed list
Abrahamson, M., Urban Sociology: A Global Introduction, Editore: Cambridge University Press
Note: only for non attending students

Spatial Planning and Infrastructure Design Studio aims at providing the students with updated analytical and design tools to tackle with the main contemporary issues of urban planning, related to the transformations of contemporary cities.

In the final oral examination, students are expected to demonstrate, as an outcome both of lectures, bibliographical readings and design activity:
capacity to understand and interpret the complexity of contemporary city at different scales and to identify the relationships between the different territorial systems within urban, peri-urban and agricultural landscapes;
capacity to investigate and discuss issues and key concepts of contemporary debate and practices in urban planning;
awareness of the multiple tools and methodologies in contemporary urban planning;
awareness of the specific relationship between urban planning strategies, and urban design solutions and outcomes at the local scale;
capability to collect, manage and process data and maps to deal with socio-economical trends and urban practices;
awareness of the ecological and environmental issues as key components in contemporary urban planning and design.
Specifically, through the practical tasks of the Studio, students are expected to demonstrate:
capability to represent in technical drawings, critical readings of urban weaknesses and opportunities, concerning different territorial and urban systems (infrastructural, environmental, morphological and functional);
capability to represent, in effective products and formats (thematic panels, papers and classroom presentations), urban strategies and design solutions through urban planning and design tools;
capability to communicate and explain critical readings, planning proposals and design results concerning the selected territory.

Spatial Planning and Infrastructure Design Studio (SP&ID_Studio) aims to offer advanced knowledge about the theoretical framework of the urban planning and infrastructure design disciplines and transfer the knowledge for addressing adaptive and resilient interventions while employing tools and techniques at different scales (neighborhood, city and metropolitan area).
The SP&ID_Studio activity takes advantage of the contribution of two integrated disciplines: Spatial Planning design and Infrastructure Design. Spatial Planning will help to rethink the infrastructure as a tool to create a real climate-neutral city, focusing on reducing the urban footprint and re-designing the existing city while adopting adaptive and ecosystemically compatible planning principles. Infrastructure Design focuses on the multiple dimensions of contemporary transport and mobility projects, dealing with established transport planning tools and techniques, while critically revisiting them in light of the growing interest in the implications of transport planning decisions for addressing a fair and inclusive mobility transition.
The main goals of the Design Studio focus on rethinking and redesigning stations as highly accessible places that can be thought as the hotspot of the entire metropolitan system’s reorganization, experimenting Transit Oriented Development (TOD) approaches. Attention will be paid to design solutions for enhancing the existing stations, as the epicentre for territorial regeneration and car-dependency reduction, fostering adaptation and forwarding climate neutrality by combining citizen mobility behavioral changes, emission reduction, ecosystem provisioning.
The activity of SP&ID_Studio moves from the definition of the theoretical framework of urban planning, urban design, and mobility studies, to support and enrich the design working session through lectures, site tours, and debates among practitioners, researchers, and students.
The lectures aim to illustrate the evolution and framing of the spatial urban planning discipline, the urban design tools and principles; the new mobility paradigm, and the related transport and infrastructure projects to introduce the cultural background and techniques to address the workshop activity, step by step.
SP&ID_Studio will be organized around two Phases.
Phase 1_Interpreting the context, through a cross-scale approach and producing an analytical framework while considering
The existing spatial conditions concerning the infrastructural, environmental, and settlement features;
The strategies and urban transformations of the planning documents in force at the local, and metropolitan scale;
The quantification of building development rights and their evaluation in terms of environmental sustainability and integration with the existing and planned transport infrastructures and supplies.
Phase 2_Masterplan and ecosystemically-compatible performance design solutions for the railway stations and their surroundings
Developing a strategic scheme for the study area while focusing on the role of the railway stations in addressing densification processes and sustainable mobility transition;
Defining aims, objectives, and actions to be implemented toward the design of a Masterplan;
Demonstrating the empirical net benefits of the solution in terms of climate neutrality estimation.
Based on the activities carried out, SP&ID_Studio aims to strengthen:

• NOTIONS AND CRITICAL KNOWLEDGE: Students are committed to learning the basic planning frameworks; notably, they should understand the peculiarities of the Italian planning system. They will deepen the interdisciplinary approach to contemporary urban planning: mobility, environment and other socio-economic factors.
• ANALYTICAL AND INTERPRETATIVE SKILLS: Students will develop the capacity to use, manage and analyze different quantities and qualities of digital, cartographical, statistical, and traditional data while employing these data to support spatial planning and infrastructure design.
• PLANNING AND DESIGN SKILLS: Students will learn to manage the design dimension from different perspectives: the construction of visions/schemes and their implementation by operative design. To do so, students will work at the intersection between the regulative/management and the operative/design dimensions.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, con prove in itinere
Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
The final grade will be based on the following components:
Mid-term presentations related to the preliminary outcomes of the design activity
Evaluation of the theoretical and technical concepts covered during the lectures
Final outcomes of the Design Studio, presented and discussed in the final session
Mid-term Presentations for each domain/phase are scheduled as follows:
Phase 1 – Strategic Maps: Interpreting the Context
Students will present the outcomes of Phase 1 through a PowerPoint presentation and a booklet summarizing the key results.
(Group evaluation)
Phase 2 – Masterplan and Design Solutions
Students will present the outcomes of the design activity from Phase 2 using a PowerPoint presentation and a booklet highlighting the most relevant elements.
(Group evaluation)
Written Test
A Technical Design + Theoretical test will be
(Individual evaluation)
Final Exam
The final exam will focus on the most significant outcomes from Phases 1 and 2. It will include a PowerPoint presentation and 3 printed panels (3 A1 boards).
(Group evaluation)
Scoring Criteria are as follows:
Outcomes presented during the Mid-Term group presentations –20%
Evaluation of theoretical and technical concepts from the Written Test –30%
Final Design Studio outcomes presented in the final session –50%

AA. VV. (edts.), Topos. The narrative of landscape, Anno edizione: 2014, Fascicolo: vol 88, 2014 https://www.toposmagazine.com/now-topos-88-narrative-landscape/
Banister D., The sustainable mobility paradigm. Transport Policy, Anno edizione: 2008, Fascicolo: 15 doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2007.10.005
Carmona M., Tiesdell S., Heath T., Oc T., Public Places Urban Spaces, Editore: Architectural Press, Elsevier., Anno edizione: 2010
Cervero R., Dai D., BRT TOD: Leveraging transit oriented development with bus rapid transit investments, Transport Policy, Anno edizione: 2014, Fascicolo: 36 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2014.08.001
Curtis C, Renne JL, Bertolini L (eds), Transit oriented development: making it happen, Editore: Ashgate, Aldershot, Anno edizione: 2009
Pucci P., Stations: nodes and places of everyday life, Editore: SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences, Anno edizione: 2019, ISBN: 978-3-030-19580-9
Note: in: Pucci P., Vecchio G., Enabling mobilities. Planning tools for people and their mobilities, Editore: SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences, Anno edizione: 2019
Salata S., Ecologically-compatible Urban Planning, Editore: Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, Anno edizione: 2019 https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78973-783-720191001
Shannon K., Smets M., The Landscape of Contemporary Infrastructure, Editore: Nai Publisher, Anno edizione: 2010, ISBN: 9056627201
Shane D. G., Urban Design Since 1945: A Global Perspective, Editore: John Wiley & Sons, Anno edizione: 2011
Zemp, S., Stauffacher, M., Lang, D.J. Scholz, R.W, Classyfying railway stations for strategic transport and land use planning. Context matters Journal of Transport Geography, Anno edizione: 2011, Fascicolo: 19 doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2010.08.008

By investigating issues related to the close relationship between urban planning and urban sociology, this course considers contemporary cities as laboratories to study everyday multiculturalism and coexistence among strangers, by critically examining co-presence in some specific spaces and, in a multi-scalar perspective, critically examining actors, positive forms of coexistence, conflicts, policies, and narratives at play in a variety of contexts.
The objectives are the following:
Discuss and evaluate current challenges of the multicultural city, considering socio-spatial issues, as well as structural issues
Acquire competences in terms of socio-spatial analysis, ethnographical approaches and policy analysis
Critically evaluate case studies by identifying and studying places where coexistence among strangers occurs, to propose policy recommendations for these places

Students are expected to improve their skills in the following ways
To reach a specialised updated knowledge in planning and urban policy as well as in social analysis based on the study of the proposed readings and collective discussion in class; to develop a critical, individual approach to the considered literature;
To develop the capacity to apply theoretical contributions to specific, practical problems and issues related to the multicultural city and planning and urban policy in the multicultural city (definitions, spatialities, policies)
To develop the capacity to study a specific area/problem and make subjective judgments on the relevance/ implications of the empirical results, selecting and critically evaluating different perspectives represented in a specific case study/ approach
To develop the capacity to present the research results through presentations in class and written reports to demonstrate the capacity to publicly discuss their own work
To develop the capacity to recognise what has been learnt and how these skills can be used in a forthcoming scientific or professional career.

An expert in Planning and Urban policy in multi-ethnic and multicultural contexts, and an expert in urban sociology, will hold this integrated course. All activities will be based on a transdisciplinary perspective by working on the territorial challenges related to the co-presence of populations with very different backgrounds in the urban space.
In particular, we will be dealing with the most recent theories and practices of research on the multicultural city, as well as on challenges that planning and urban policy have to face in contemporary urban environments.
In this course, multiculturalism is approached from an intersectional perspective. Issues related to ethnicity/race or religion will be considered without isolating these from other types of ‘diversities and belongings’ such as age, gender, level of education, socio-economic condition, sexual orientation, and so on. At the same time, the course will not focus on ‘migrants’ or ‘ethnic neighbourhoods’, but rather on public spaces where different populations — some more established or socially accepted, others more recent or less accepted — coexist. While acknowledging the challenges of coexistence, one of the course’s key goals is to question dominant views of migration as inherently problematic for cities. Instead, it will promote the exploration of everyday forms and places of multiculturalism, to develop ‘usable knowledge’ for planning and urban policy.
Specifically, living together in a multicultural city will be explored by giving attention to socio-spatial practices of everyday life and identifying the main challenges that planners have to face in the context of co-presence in the space of diverse populations. According to recent theories on multicultural coexistence, many studies have highlighted that the more established concept of ‘community’ might be misleading in describing life in contemporary cities. Scholars argue for the need to explore ‘coexistence among strangers’, where the strangers are people who share the urban space without necessarily sharing common values, viewpoints, or a sense of belonging to a locally rooted community. In this situation, living together is also a bodily exercise in the space. Getting used to difference is thus also a matter of familiarity with different smells, tastes, skin-colours, ways of conceiving proximity and distance. Coexistence, therefore, is also a matter of mutual adaptation—an embodied negotiation that unfolds through the interaction of bodies and spatial environments.
In this perspective, students will be asked to identify ‘Multicultural Gyms’ in the Milan Metropolitan Area. This concept will be broadly explained: multicultural gyms will be intended as public places where individuals constantly experience mutual adaptation processes, and this becomes a defining feature of the place itself.
The international dimension of the class will be considered as a key asset to explore different viewpoints on the city, as well as to discuss how differences may shape prejudice in the urban space, as well as how prejudice could be overcome.
The course will be organised in a sequence of different activities aimed at developing usable knowledge for planning:
LECTURES: Theoretical contributions on the main concepts and keywords of the course such as Planning, Urban Policy, Everyday Multiculturalism, Social Mix, Diversity, Identity; Focus on methodological issues to explore the city: qualitative approaches and more specifically ethnographic research methods; policy analysis; secondary data analysis; readings and discussion of papers and articles, as well as class exercises, and the presentation and discussion of case studies.
SHORT EXPLORATIONS in selected urban spaces to interpret and decode a given urban context/ project.
SEMINARS: given by invited scholars and professionals on the course approaches and topics. Materials, documents, texts, and references presented in class will be made available online to the participants.
A FIELD EXERCISE – Searching for Multicultural Gyms in Milan’s Metropolitan Area
Based on an exploration (through analysis of existing plans and policies for the chosen area, informal interviews, direct observation, photography, maps, secondary data analysis, and grey literature), students will develop an urban and social analysis of a place of their choice.
Topics related to urban areas understood as multicultural gyms will be introduced, discussed, and fine-tuned in class. Each group will develop fieldwork in a selected area of their choice and will receive guidance in developing original projects. A final seminar with external guests will be organised for the presentation and collective discussion of the project outcome.

Progetto/i - Elaborato/i facoltativo (a scelta dello studente), di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
Given the character of the course, active participation of the students in class is highly recommended. The course will be based on an open interaction between teaching staff and students. Active participation and interaction of students will be welcomed, encouraged, and evaluated.
Three formal steps will contribute to the final evaluation
Individual evaluation: Two individual ongoing tests will monitor the students’ understanding of the main issues underpinning the course and progress during the semester (the first one will account for 10% of the final evaluation; the second one for 20% of the final evaluation).
Evaluation of the project-work in groups: small groups composed of 3 students, possibly of different nationalities, will develop a project work consisting of a review of previous policies and plans for the chosen area, an urban and social analysis where a core role will be given to direct participant observation, informal interviews, spatial analysis also through photography, drawings and maps, but also secondary data analysis. Data and materials collected will be compiled into a final dossier including (1) a comprehensive urban and social analysis, strictly focused on usable knowledge for plans and urban policy to be developed; (2) policy recommendations for places that constitute Multicultural Gyms in the city.
Details on formats and page limits will be communicated during the course.
The students will be requested to deliver the project outcome one week before the official exam date and to prepare a 10-minute PPT presentation for the day of the exam, which will be organised in the form of an open seminar with guests/ discussants.
Familiarity with materials (papers, book chapters) introduced during lectures will be assessed through individual tests and work in groups.

Amin A., Land of Strangers, Editore: The Polity Press, Anno edizione: 2012
Bovo M., Migration Landing Spaces: Processes and Infrastructures in Italy, Editore: Routledge, Anno edizione: 2024
Bovo M, Briata P., Bricocoli M., A bus as a compressed public space: Everyday multiculturalism in Milan. Urban Studies: pp. 2979-2993, Anno edizione: 2023, Fascicolo: 60 (15)
Briata P., Spatial Policies and Everyday Multiculturalism. A proposal to Work with Difference 'In the Field'. In: Anzani A., Scullica F. (eds), The City of Care. Strategies to Design Healthier Places. pp. 171-186, Editore: Springer, Anno edizione: 2022
Briata P., Briata P., 2022b, Being together as a body exercise. Ethnographic perspectives. In: Anzani A. (ed), Conscious Dwelling. For Transdisciplinary Cityscapes: pp. 205-2018., Editore: Springer, Anno edizione: 2022
PInk S., Morgan J., Short term ethnography: Intense routes to knowing. Symbolic interaction,pp. 351-361., Anno edizione: 2013, Fascicolo: 36 (3)
Wessendorf S., Commonplace Diversity: Social Relations in a Super-Diverse Context, Editore: Plagrave Macmillan, Anno edizione: 2014
Wise A., Velayutham S., Everyday Multiculturalism - Introduction, Editore: Palgrave MacMillan, Anno edizione: 2009

The Studio encompasses the subjects of Urban Design and Urban Planning, and is based on a design experience crossing the two practices and disciplines with a critical research attitude, in an advanced design practice that integrates planning objectives and tools.

Knowledge: students will acquire critical and practical knowledge of the main problems that characterise urban planning and design practice and the selected project field, with reference to practical, direct investigations and the literature review.
Practical skills: students will acquire theoretical and practical skills in the design of the territory, in the logical organisation of the project, and in the critical representation of the research work.
Relational skills: the course places strong emphasis on the ability to interact and listen within groups and is managed as a collective research-by-design experience.
Individual responsibility and autonomy: although work is organised by groups, each student is asked to take an active, responsible and recognisable role within the group. This is also the reason why the final exam consists of both the presentation and discussion of the work and an individual interview to identify each student's specific contribution, as well as mastery and awareness of the work done and the lessons and seminars that have supported it.

Urban Planning & Design Studio (integrating the teaching modules of Urban Design and Urban Planning by Antonio Longo and Ettore Donadoni) addresses the theme of contemporary territorial planning through the design of strategies and spatial projects for an intermediate, low-density, and polycentric territory in the urbanised countryside of Lombardy.
For the 2026/27 edition, the Studio focuses on the Isola Bergamasca, a territory of twenty-four municipalities located between the Adda and Brembo rivers. The area provides a particularly suitable field for experimentation because of its clear geographical identity, fragmented administrative structure, long tradition of intermunicipal cooperation, and the presence of many challenges that characterise contemporary urbanised territories: land consumption, sustainable mobility, ecological transition, public space, and coordination across multiple municipalities. Rather than being treated as a unique case, the Isola Bergamasca will be considered a representative laboratory for broader planning questions that recur throughout Northern Italy and many European metropolitan regions.
The Studio operates across multiple scales, from the city-region to specific local situations, and is organised around two closely connected components:
Mapping emerging territorial issues
Developing a structural and strategic territorial design project
The Studio's project outcome is not intended to produce a formal statutory planning document (such as a municipal land-use plan or a master plan). Instead, students will develop a project-driven planning strategy, inspired by the experience of the Internationale Bauausstellung (IBA), and critically evaluate which planning instruments, governance arrangements, and implementation mechanisms are most appropriate for achieving their objectives.
The educational approach combines quantitative, spatial, environmental, and landscape perspectives throughout the design process. Students will progressively move from territorial interpretation to project definition, integrating analytical knowledge with design reasoning.
The Studio is based on a fundamental assumption: planning should not simply adapt to existing institutional frameworks but should anticipate future transformations by developing coherent spatial visions that inform planning decisions and administrative action. Planning tools are therefore understood as flexible instruments that support projects rather than predetermined frameworks that constrain them. Within the Italian planning system, characterised by multiple statutory and strategic instruments operating at different administrative levels, the project must be able to connect ideas, spatial strategies, and appropriate implementation mechanisms.
Students will work in groups of three or four throughout the semester. The design process is structured into three sequential phases:
Atlas of Territorial Issues
Construction of an analytical atlas identifying the main spatial, environmental, social, and infrastructural dynamics of the study area. The objective is to recognise emerging territorial questions through mapping, data analysis, field observation, and interpretation.
Project Framework
Definition of the project's conceptual framework by translating territorial issues into design objectives, strategic priorities, and site-specific opportunities. Each group will develop a shared synthesis linking problems, potentials, and project hypotheses.
Territorial Vision and Strategic Projects
Development of an integrated territorial vision supported by a coherent set of spatial projects operating at different scales. Students will explicitly identify the planning, governance, and implementation tools most suitable for achieving the proposed objectives and demonstrate how strategic visions can be translated into feasible planning actions.
Throughout the Studio, particular emphasis will be placed on the coherence between analysis, interpretation, strategy, spatial design, and implementation. The final outcome is expected to demonstrate not only design quality but also the capacity to formulate robust planning strategies grounded in territorial evidence and supported by appropriate institutional and planning instruments.

Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
Each part of the studio will be subject to evaluation and will be averaged with the final review.
The exam consists of the final work presentation (as opn seminar with guest) and an individual colloquium.
The student's progress and awareness will be part of the evaluation.
Studio attendance is mandatory (70%)
The exam will be public.

Friedman J., Toward a non-euclidian mode of Planning, Editore: APA Journal, Anno edizione: 1993, Fascicolo: 482
Note: resource on beep as PDF
Secchi B., "Projects, visions, scenarios", Diary of a planner no. 10 / Planum. The Journal of Urbanism, Anno edizione: 2003, ISSN: 1723-0993, Fascicolo: 7 (vol. 2/2003)
Corboz A., The Land as Palimsest, Editore: Unesco Pubblications, Anno edizione: 1984
Secchi B., A new urban question, Editore: Territorio - Franco Angeli, Anno edizione: 2010
Balducci A, Fedeli V., Pasqui G, Strategic Planning for Contemporary Urban Regions, Editore: Routledge, Anno edizione: 2011
Curci F., Chiffi D, Fragility and Antifragility in Cities and Regions Space, Uncertainty and Inequality, Editore: Elgar, Anno edizione: 2024

Urban Policies Design Studio addresses complex planning problems dealing simultaneously with policy design and urban design aspects of territorial transformations.

The the students will learn tools and skills to face the complexity of urban transformations, focusing upon the integration between policy design and urban design. In doing so they will be able to deal at the same time with technical, economic and political feasibility of an urban project.

In the M.A. program, the Urban Policies Design Studio is conceived as an opportunity for students to address complex spatial planning problems dealing simultaneously with policy design and urban design aspects of territorial transformations. Students are encouraged to address real problems and difficulties connected to the policy demands emerging from critical metropolitan spaces, focusing on issues like policy effectiveness, implementation, equity and their linkages with urban design choices. Students are expected to work in teams on a common design topic.
The Studio is composed of two modules: Urban Policies and Urban Design.
The activity is focused on one Milanese urban sectors, in the north Milan area between Milan municipality and the external municipalities of Bresso and Cinisello Balsamo, presenting a wide range of different potential and / or problematic situations relevant to the public agenda. The issues the Studio usually copes with need to be treated both at a territorial scale, paying attention to the strategic dimension, and at the local scale, dealing with the spatial dimension.
This year the Studio will focus on the so-called " public city". By “public city,” in this Studio we mean primarily the ensemble of spaces and buildings that are publicly owned or intended for public use, which define the structure of the city and provide the material foundation for communal life and the delivery of services to the community. The working hypothesis is that these spaces and assets – and their design, regeneration, reuse, and maintenance - represent a fundamental challenge for urban planning and urban policy.
After decades during which the shift of resources and consensus from the public to the private sector, and from the state to the market, has weakened public action, the crisis of the “public city” has become one of the most pressing issues for the governance of cities and territories.
In the work of the Studio, we will specifically consider four categories of urban public places and assets:
The system of open public spaces (streets and sidewalks, squares and gardens, connective areas);
The stock of in-use or underused of public buildings (such as hospitals, military barracks and so one);
Public housing (residential buildings and their common areas);
Infrastructures for material welfare (schools and education/training centers, sports facilities, social and healthcare services, cultural services).
As part of the Studio activities, students will be required to map these different types of spaces and assets at the scale of the entire urban sector, understanding the role they play in shaping the quality of urban and collective life.
After a preliminary phase of analysis and interpretation at the urban sector scale, students will select a smaller area where one of the four public assets will be taken as the main research focus. This asset will be analized in order to reconstruct the framework of problems and opportunities. Based on this analysis, strategies and actions will be developed using appropriate tools. Drawing from these project experiences, the class will collectively reflect on the urban design and urban policy dimensions of a local strategy.
In particular, we will develop this topic by focusing on a sector of the Milanese periphery and periurban territories as areas characterised by a variety of urban elements such as neglected activities and functions, public housing, big infrastructures, open spaces, abandoned buildings, but where we can also encounter phenomena like social and economic fragilities, low accessibility to services, low quality of the building stock.
The output of the Studio will be the design of a "local action strategy" defining strategies and actions by coping with the variety of problems, fragilities, and potentials identified in specific areas across the sector. The strategy, integrating policy and urban design dimensions, will have to move from a complex approach encompassing urban, social, environmental, and economic dimensions.
The methodological reference for the analytical operations and the design activities will be the “policy analysis” and "urban design" tools: projects will be based on the exploration of aims, resources, and interests of local actors as well as on the interpretation of characteristics of the physical environment.
The Studio will be organized around three phases:
The first phase will include a critical analysis of key dimensions of the public city of Milan's metropolitan sector. This will include work with databases and fieldwork (site visits, guided tours, and surveys aimed to familiarise students with the work-areas);
The second phase will focus on design activity, starting from the problem definition: teachers and tutors will assist students in developing their work project through weekly reviews, which will provide "tools" useful for the project and clarify particular issues related to the project. The goal will be to define the main concept for each project;
The third phase will be dedicated to the development of a local action strategy document. This final deliverable—addressing both policy design (strategies, goals, actors) and urban design (spatial transformation proposals and feasibility)—will serve as the basis for the final exam, with the production of a short video, that will be the teaser of the final Report.
Throughout the different phases of the studio, there will be a variety of methodological contributions (on how to analyse and understand territorial dynamics, how to define problems in policy-making, how to identify alternatives and scenarios, how to design the implementation processes, how to deal with preferences pluralism and conflict).
The Studio will provide the students with tools and skills to face the complexity of urban transformations, focusing on the integration between policy design and urban design. Critical policy analysis tools integrated with urban design methods will be deployed across the different phases of the studio: projects will be based on the exploration of local actors' aims, resources, and interests and the interpretation of characteristics of the physical environment.
A more extensive bibliography will be communicated later in the semester.

Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
Students will deliver in groups one intermediate report and a final one at the of the semester. Each delivery will be assessed.
Intermediate deliveries will be evaluated (A/B/C/D)
The final delivery will coincide with the final exam - that will happen in the form a final critique seminar the same date for all - at the end of the semester.
The final individual assessment will take into account:
•Individual, active participation to group work and to the studio at large including lectures, seminars and workshops
•the results of the group’s intermediate deliveries
•the group’s strategy proposal and final report
•the individual participation to the final report presentation including the ability to answer questions on group work and the overall content of the studio

Scholl, B. Peric, A. Signer R. (eds), Spatial Planning Matters Inspiring Stories and Fundamental Topics, Editore: ETH Zurich, Anno edizione: 2018, ISBN: 978-37281-3907-8
A. Balducci and R. Mantysalo (eds), Urban Planning as a Trading Zone, Editore: Springer, Anno edizione: 2013
A. Balducci, V. Fedeli, F. Curci, Post-Metropolitan Territories Looking for a New Urbanity, Editore: Routledge, Anno edizione: 2017
Bruzzese in A. in Fisker, J. et al (eds) Enabling Urban Alternatives. Crisis contestation and Cooperation, The spatial features and temporality of urban alternatives, Editore: Palgrave Mc Millian, Anno edizione: 2019
Gallant, N. and Robinson, J., Neighbourhood planning, Editore: The Policy Press, Bristol, Anno edizione: 2012
S. Law, Why Public Spaces matter?, Editore: Oxford University Press, Anno edizione: 2023, ISBN: 978-0197543733
G. Pasqui, Coping with the Pandemic, Editore: Springer, Anno edizione: 2022, ISBN: 978-3030939786
A. Bruzzese, "Changing Uses in Public Spaces: Dehors' Supporting Measures in Italy During COVID Times" in Armondi, S., Balducci, A., Bovo, M., and Galimberti, B. (Eds.), Cities Learning from the Pandemic: Toward Preparedness., Editore: Routledge, Anno edizione: 2022, ISBN: 978-103-2113-42-1

The course aims to provide students with an interdisciplinary understanding of the complex relationship between people and the environment, integrating insights from architecture, biomedical sciences (“neuroarchitecture”), and environmental psychology.
In particular, students will:
Analyze and interpret the intangible dimensions of urban experience, translating them into strategic design inputs.
Develop inclusive, evidence-based, and sustainable design strategies that enhance physical and psychological well-being.
Acquire innovative tools and integrated skills directly applicable to urban planning, architectural design, and related fields.

At the end of the course, students are expected to demonstrate both conceptual knowledge and applied skills.
Specifically, they will be able to:
Demonstrate a systemic vision of the dynamics connecting people and the environment within a people-centered, evidence-based framework.
Apply interdisciplinary methods, including physiological and psychological assessment tools, AR/VR simulations, and spatialized data collection.
Translate experiential data into strategic design solutions for specific urban contexts.
Communicate effectively their analyses and proposals through interdisciplinary project work.

The course is structured around a set of core topics that bridge theory, methods, and applied research.
Students will be introduced to:
Interdisciplinary methods for analyzing the person–environment relationship, including the measurement of physiological variables and psychological assessment tools, within a neuroarchitecture perspective.
Spatialized data collection to capture intangible aspects of the urban environment and map diverse geographies of lived experience across socio-demographic groups.
Experiential simulations with Augmented and Virtual Reality to anticipate user reactions to designed environments.
Use of innovative tools such as the experiential-Environmental Impact Assessment© (exp-EIA©) method and the Luminous Planning Table (LPT).
Design strategies and assessment of design solutions by integrating evidence on physical and psychological well-being with intangible dimensions of urban design.
Applied research projects on the Leonardo Campus of Città Studi, including the collection and analysis of environmental, physiological, and psychological data.
A dedicated bibliography will be provided and tailored to individual and group projects developed throughout the course.

Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
The assessment combines both individual and group work, aiming to verify students’ understanding and their ability to apply the course methods to real contexts. It consists of an oral exam and the evaluation of project works, which will include the elaboration of a strategy for a selected area that considers the intangible dimensions of urban experience.
Evaluation will focus on three main dimensions:
Systemic Vision: ability to develop a systemic understanding of the dynamics connecting people and the environment, within a people-centered and evidence-based framework for urban design.
Interdisciplinary Skills: proficiency in applying an interdisciplinary approach, integrating architecture, biomedical sciences, and environmental psychology, as well as dedicated data collection and analysis tools.
Knowledge Transfer and Design Translation: capacity to transfer acquired concepts and methods to contexts beyond the case study analyzed, and to translate information on the lived experience of spaces into strategic inputs for design projects.

Peter Bosselmann, Representation of Places: Reality and Realism in City Design, Editore: University of California Press, Anno edizione: 1998, ISBN: 978-0-520-20658-8
Peter Bosselmann, Urban Transformation: Understanding City Form and Design, Editore: Island Press, Anno edizione: 2008, ISBN: 978-1-59726-481-5
Carmona, M., Tiesdell, S., Heath, T., & Oc, T., Public Places, Urban Spaces: The Dimensions of Urban Design, Editore: Routledge, ISBN: 978-1-85617-827-3 2010
Mallgrave, Harry Francis, The Architect's Brain: Neuroscience, Creativity, and Architecture, Editore: John Wiley & Sons, Anno edizione: 2010, ISBN: 978-1-4443-1728-2
Piga, B. E. A., Siret, D., & Thibaud, J.-P. (A c. Di), Experiential Walks For Urban Design. Revealing, Representing, and Activating the Sensory Environment, Editore: Springer International Publishing, Anno edizione: 2021, ISBN: 978-3-030-76693-1
Pallasmaa, Juhani, The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses, Editore: John Wiley & Sons, Anno edizione: 2005, ISBN: 978-1-119-94128-6
Bruno et Al., The One Health approach in urban ecosystem rehabilitation: An evidence-based framework for designing sustainable cities / iScience, Editore: Elsevier, Anno edizione: 2024, Fascicolo: 27/10 https://www.cell.com/iscience/abstract/S2589-0042(24)02184-9
Jacobs, Jane, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Anno edizione: 1961, ISBN: 978-0-679-74195-4

According to the Dublin Descriptors (DdD), passing the exam certifies the acquisition of the following results:
DdD 1 (knowledge and understanding), 3 (autonomy of judgment), 4 (communication skills) and 5 (learning ability)

• ability to acquire, process independently and communicate knowledge not strictly related to the subjects characterizing the Master Program (DdD 1, 3, 4 and 5)

The aim of the course is to understand the role of water on human development. To this end, water is analyzed both as a risk for humanity (heavy rainfall, floods and inundation) and as a resource (water for food production and water for energy production). Particular attention is given to climate change and its consequences along many directions by claiming sustainable solutions, from agriculture to water risk protection. Given the high complexity of the problems proposed, no univocal solutions are provided. Rather, the active research carried out by students during group work, based on the most up-to-date literature and under the guidance of instructors, will allow them to deepen both knowledge and understanding of some specific topics.

CLIMATE
This module provides information on climatology, which are the factors that create an area's climate, and the sources and uses of climate information.
The climate system is a complex, interactive system consisting of the atmosphere, land surface, snow and ice, oceans and other bodies of water, and living things. The atmospheric component of the climate system most obviously characterises climate; climate is often defined as ‘average weather’. Climate is usually described in terms of the mean and variability of temperature, precipitation and wind over a period of time, ranging from months to millions of years.
1. Factors that determine earth’s climate
Relationship between climate change and weather
2. The greenhouse effect
Increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases during the industrial era caused by human activities
Which are the main greenhouse gases?
3. Changes in Human and Natural Drivers of Climate
Contribution of human activities to climate change and how do they compare with natural influences
4. Observations of Changes in Climate Atmosphere and Surface
How are temperatures on earth changing?
How is precipitation changing?
Change in extreme events: heat waves, droughts, floods and hurricanes
Warming of the 20th century: can it be explained by natural variability?
5. Oceans and Sea Level
6. Snow, Ice and Frozen Ground
Is the amount of snow and ice on the earth decreasing?
Causes of the ice ages and other important climate changes before the industrial era
7. Projections of Future Changes in Climate
Models used to make projections of future climate change
8. Effects on environment
How hydrological and energetic systems will be influenced?
Which are possible solutions?
HYDROLOGY
Hydrology is the scientific study of the waters of the earth. This module examines the properties of water as well as its planetary occurrence, distribution, and movement.
1. Introduction to the Hydrologic Cycle
What is Hydrology?
What is the Hydrologic Cycle?
Accounting Budget Approach for Hydrology
2. Distribution
Oceans
Snow and Ice: snowpack characteristics and snowmelt
Surface Water
Groundwater
Our fluctuating water supply
Long-term changes
Variations in stream flow
3. Atmospheric Water
Condensation and Precipitation
Evaporation
Transpiration
Sublimation
4. Surface Water
Infiltration
Soil Composition
Soil Moisture
Soil Types
Runoff
5. Groundwater
Aquifer Characteristics
Water Yield and Flow
Recharge
Withdrawal
6. City water
Water purification and distribution
How sewage and wastes are treated
7. Stream flow and the river channel
Drainage basins and watersheds
Floods
8. How water facts affect you and me
Waterpower
Misinformation
Water conservation
What constitutes water conservation?
Water facts and the law
Water facts and their use
9. Water for food and energy
Water, food, climate and energy for sustainability, security and development
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The bibliography will delivered at the beginning of the course.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, con prove in itinere
Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
Valutazione continua facoltativa (a scelta dello studente)
The final evaluation will be determined by the candidates' presentation capacity and by quality to answer to the exam questions referring to the arguments and the bibliography discussed in the course.
Non attending students will discuss and agree with the professor modality and content of their exam.

The course aims at proposing conceptual and policy tools in order to interpret and to tackle the theme of local conflict and urban disputes.

At the end of the course students are expected to:

• demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the field of urban contention, that provides a basis for originality in developing and applying ideas;
• apply their knowledge and understanding in new or unfamiliar environments;
• have the ability to integrate different perspectives and handle complex issues in dealing with different urban actors and stakeholders.

T he course introduces categories from literature and practice at the international level, it analyses several questions arising from the European context, and it proposes to design alternative strategies to cope with urban and territorial conflicts and contention linked, e.g., to large urban regeneration projects with local impacts, and more in general, dynamics of urban and territorial transformation at different scales.
Local conflicts can be seen as the emergence of different forms of local opposition to transformation projects, in which the physical context plays a significant role, as well as the local systems of power and interests in an evolutionary perspective. In each of these cases the conflict situations, usually seen as problems or obstacles in the construction of decision-making processes can, on the contrary, be seen as an occasion and a powerful resource, if it is appropriately understood and tended, for more sustainable and shared transformation paths. The connection between conflict in the spatial domain and planning choices and strategies will be investigated and discussed in depth.
In order to interpret such phenomena, the course will critically introduce some interpretative categories, considering different conflict typologies, different perspectives on urban politics, the way local mobilisations emerge and get structured, and finally possible conflict transformation strategies. During the course, therefore, the most relevant interpretative categories from international literature will be introduced and discussed, starting from conflict theory, basic notions of game theory, introduction to collective action, social movements and grassroots mobilisation, and the debate on participatory and deliberative models of democracy.
Together with this theoretical perspective, the course will propose an analysis of the sense and effects of local conflicts concerning environmental resources, using and discussing case studies looking at the territorial and planning dimensions of water resources. Students will be extensively involved students during lectures, both in class discussions and in simulations and role-playing exercises. Attending students will have the opportunity to work on an in-depth case study research and develop a podcast on the topic.

Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i facoltativo (a scelta dello studente), di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
The exam is an oral discussion based on books selected from the proposed bibliography and on the content of the course lectures.
For students attending the course, it will be possible to integrate the exam with the production of a short podcast, made in groups of 4-5 people,resulting from a case study analysis on environmental and water management conflicts.

Gualini E. (ed.), Planning and Conflict. Critical Perspectives on Contentious Urban Developments, Editore: Abingdon: Routledge, Anno edizione: 2015

“Contemporary Landscape Theory and Practice” is an elective course within the Master of Science in Landscape Architecture – Land Landscape Heritage program, which is taught annually by a Visiting Professor. The course incorporates two modules: Contemporary Issues in Landscape Architecture (4 ECTS) and Urbanism (4 ECTS).
Course Introduction
With our environments being challenged more than ever by the consequences of the climate crisis, there is an increasing need to critically interrogate our relationship with nature and with each other. Mounting scientific evidence confirms human impact as the main cause, and narratives have moved from ‘arresting climate change’ to ‘mitigating the climate crisis’. The social and economic consequences will be felt in every corner of the globe, and thus, we urgently need to facilitate change and address our moral imperatives. These times have been referred to as a permacrisis, an extended period of instability and insecurity. Shifting trends mean that traditional values are being tested, opening the need for additional discourses and reviewing the subjects to be valued. This affects the way landscape architects understand environments, which should be embraced from an interdisciplinary perspective and adopt whole systems approaches that are nature-based, environmentally sensitive and socially aware.
With a clear majority of the world’s population now living in urban agglomerations, the emphasis of much of the work in landscape architecture is on cities. With today’s pressures caused by global change and international ratifications, there will be increasing demands for sustainable, ‘green’ or ‘eco’ cities. This will manifest itself in the creation of new cities that adhere to natural processes, but also in the regeneration and adaptation of existing ones. Indeed, what should the ideal models for development of sustainable cities be; should they be compact, or should they incorporate areas of forests and urban agriculture, for example? Could living, working, and recreation be integrated more effectively? How do we prevent the increasing dominance of the car, and how can we create cities that are more friendly to pedestrians and cyclists? And more importantly for this module, what can we learn from past and current urban forms, the many typologies, theories and practices which have evolved over centuries? The main objective for this module is to provide inspiration and motivation for both intellectual and creative aspects of your design practice. The insight into past landscape cultures and practices will provide the basis on which to develop thought patterns and solutions to contemporary landscape issues.
Course Aims
This course aims to:
Introduce and explore selected landscape concepts, theories, principles and practices related to urban and rural environments.
Encourage critical understanding of the development of the historic built environment with an emphasis on the role of spaces between buildings that structure environments.
Introduce specific examples of open space networks in urban and rural contexts through chronological and comparative studies.

The learning and teaching of this module aims to deliver on the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
By the end of the module, students will be able to:
Distinguish between various approaches to landscape issues related to the built environment.
Demonstrate an understanding of the role of open spaces in the historic environment.
Demonstrate critical understanding through comparative analysis of specific case studies.
The module will include material and transferable skills directly relevant to landscape practice, specifically: Communication; Critical Thinking; Continuous Development of Skills; Core Knowledge.

Teaching and Learning Strategy
A series of lectures, presentations and seminars will introduce students to key landscape concepts and practices in urban environments. Tutorial sessions will provide guidance to support the students’ independent research, study, and essay writing.
The lectures, presentations and seminars will focus on planning projects and interventions at the landscape scale. They will explore strategic thinking in urban landscape planning practice. Key landscape planning ideas and projects will be introduced and analysed to provide inspiration and references. This will be further explored through independent study as preparation for the final assignment. Exploration through drawings is encouraged to analyse spaces between buildings. These should illustrate your critical essay.
Lectures and Topics
Lectures continue beyond the project work, but continue to be relevant to this module in that they link a range of broader issues that widen the scope of landscape architecture to include topics that are vital to the transition of urban environments. More specific topics may be selected in relation to student interest.
The lectures will be linked to bibliographies that enable students to further explore these topics where desired:
1. Environmental crises and landscape architecture
2. Water and land
3. Trees and politics
4. Trees in the built environment
5. The landscape of the modernist city
6. Landscape planning: scope and perspective
7. Park systems
8. The rise of town planning and environmentalism
9. Landscape for housing
10. Self-sufficiency and Germany: Leberecht Migge
Core References
Students will be expected to demonstrate critical engagement with aspects of the content of at least two of the following references in their illustrated essays.
Alexander, Christopher, et al, A Pattern Language, (Oxford: Oxford University Press,1975)
Ahern, Jack, ‘Urban landscape sustainability and resilience: the promise and challenges of integrating ecology with urban planning and design’, Landscape Ecology, 28 (2013), pp.1203-1212.
Blundell Jones, Peter, Architecture and Ritual (London: Bloomsbury, 2016)
Rachel Carson, Silent Spring (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1963)
Choay, Françoise, The Rule and the Model (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,1997)
Dilip da Cuhna, The Invention of Rivers (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 2019)
Gehl, Jan, Life between Buildings; Using Public Space (Washington DC: Island Press, 2011)
Hough, Michael, Cities and Natural Process: A basis for sustainability (2004)
Jacobs, A., Great Streets (Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993).
Jacobs, Jane, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (London: Jonathan Cape, 1962)
Jacques, David, Landscape Appreciation: Theories since the Cultural Turn (Chichester: Packard, 2019)
Kostof, Spiro, The City Assembled: The elements of urban form through history (London: Thames and Hudson, 2004)
Kostof, Spiro, The City Shaped: Urban patterns and meanings through history (London: Thames and Hudson, 1991)
Larice, Michael and Macdonald, Elizabeth (eds.), The Urban Design Reader (London: Routledge, 2013)
Le Corbusier (1929) ‘The pack-donkey’s way and the man’s way’, The City of Tomorrow and its Planning, in: Larice, M. and Macdonald, E. (eds.), The Urban Design Reader (London: Routledge, 2013) pp. 90-93.
Lynch, Kevin, A Theory of Good City Form (Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1891)
Macdonald, E. (eds.), The Urban Design Reader (London: Routledge, 2013), pp. 36-44
Maslin, Mark, How to Save Our Planet (London: Penguin Life, 2021)
Morris, A.E.J., History of Urban Form (Harlow: Longman, 1987)
Moudon, A.V., ‘A catholic approach to organizing what urban designers should know.’ Journal of Planning Literature, 6 / 4 (1992), pp.331-349 in: Larice, M. and Macdonald, E. (eds.), The Urban Design Reader (London: Routledge, 2013), pp. 235-257.
Newman, Oscar, Defensible Space (New York: Macmillan, 1972)
Robert, Marion and Suzy Nelson, Research Handbook on Urban Design (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2024)
Roberts, Brian, The Making of the English Village (Harlow: Longman, 1987)
Satterthwaite, David, The Earthscan Reader in Sustainable Cities (London: Earthscan, 1999)
Taylor, Nicholas, The Village in the City (London: Temple Smith, 1973)
Thayer, Robert, Gray World, Green Heart: Technology, nature and the sustainable landscape (New York: Wiley, 1994)
Turner, Tom, Landscape Planning and Environmental Impact Design (London: UCL, 2 nd ed. 1998)
Woudstra, Jan and David Jacques, Teaching Landscape History (New York and London: Routledge, 2024), chapters 2 & 3

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Prova orale obbligatoria
Assessment method and requirements
Students will be assessed through an oral presentation (50%) and a 2000-word illustrated critical essay (50%) on a specific self-selected urban or rural area that captures aspects of the components, concepts and theories drawn from lecture content and associated literature. Tutorials will provide support for the preparation and development of the content and structure of the final essay. Anne Vernez Moudon’s paper: ‘A catholic approach to organizing what urban designers should know’ can be used as a reference to identify a specific approach to structure the research and develop arguments. The approaches defined as ‘concentrations of inquiry’ (Moudon, 1992, p.335) include:
Urban history studies
Picturesque studies
Image studies
Environmental-behaviour studies
Place studies
Material cultural studies
Typology-morphology studies
Space-morphology studies
Nature and ecology studies
Choosing one type of inquiry does not exclude the others, but it might help students to focus their research and essay structure.
Assessment criteria
Demonstrate an understanding of urban landscape planning issues
Demonstrate a more profound understanding of the role of open space in the built environment
The quality and coherence of the analysis of the urban or rural development of the case study selected
The quality of written and visual communication demonstrating an understanding of academic conventions (structure, layout, referencing).

Aim of the course is to provide students of architecture, design, or engineering with the economic tools to understand, and in the future influence, the processes linked to innovation, creativity and culture, with particular attention to their urban and territorial aspects, and to their interactions, as these three processes are closely related and tend to concentrate in the same places.

At the end of the course, students will be able to understand and re-elaborate in a personal and critical way the economic mechanisms linked to innovation, culture and creativity, with particular attention to the aspects that link them to the territory and the cities, as well as their connection with the activities of architecture, design and engineering.

The three - strongly interrelated - concepts of culture, creativity and innovation play a fundamental role in contemporary territorial processes, which are especially virtuous where and when they present themselves in a more intense and positive way. Innovation is considered the basis of territorial development and cannot be separated from creative action. Innovation and creativity, however, are not homogeneously diffused processes in the territory: nor are all people equally creative and innovative, nor can creativity and individual innovation ignore a fertile context for their action, being phenomena that are no longer individual but systemic, which benefit from the interaction between different subjects. The culture, of people but even more of the territories, plays an important role in allowing these processes to take place, and at the same time the innovative and creative territories are those capable of generating new cultural initiatives.
Economics allows us to understand many of the fundamental mechanisms behind creative innovation processes and the role of culture in these processes. These are theories and concepts of recent formulation, which were not part of the traditional economic mainstream but which are at the centre of cutting-edge and interdisciplinary analysis.
The analysis of these concepts is fundamental to understand the phenomena of territorial and urban development of our era and it is especially important for the architect, whose work is at the same time a recipient and a catalyst of these processes. In fact, there is a close relationship between architecture and creative and innovative phenomena: on the one hand, where such phenomena occur, there is a demand for projects of high physical and symbolic quality, on the other hand the architectural quality, historical and current, favours, together with cultural heritage, the realization of these processes.
Architecture, for example, can play a leading role in attracting creative talents and putting them in the best conditions to express their potential.
The aim of the course is therefore to provide the economic tools to understand the processes related to creativity, culture and innovation, so that the future architect can be able to influence and guide them.
The course is divided into 4 parts that are closely connected:
essential economic issues related to creativity, culture and innovation.
In the first part of the course there will be a selection of some fundamental economic concepts needed to understand the three fundamental themes of the course, in particular:
Markets and efficiency
Externalities and market failures, public goods and merit goods
Information economy and behavioural economics
Economic growth and its link with innovation
territory and innovation
The second part of the course will present the fundamental concepts of innovation economics and the close relationship between innovation and territorial development, in particular:
The different types of innovation
Innovation in economic thought: neoclassical and evolutionary thinking
The territorial concentration of economic activities
The creation and mobility of knowledge and their role in territorial development
Evolutionary economic geography and smart specialization
economics of culture
In the third part, the most important elements of the economics of culture and the relationship with development will be presented.
The foundations of cultural economics
Markets and cultural industries
Cultural policies
Local development policies based on cultural heritage
creativity and urban development
In the last part of the course we will highlight the theories of economic development based on creativity and how they allow us to interpret growth at the territorial level and, in particular, contemporary urban growth.
Theories of the creative class and cultural capital
Creative cities and urban development
Urban regeneration and economic growth
Architecture and cultural identity
The lectures are expected to be integrated by at least one external intervention, aimed at showing the students the practical relevance of the concepts for territorial development and their future profession.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Valutazione continua facoltativa (a scelta dello studente)
The course aims to be interactive and to help students develop critical knowledge. The evaluation will therefore mostly take place with a written test with open questions, in which students can demonstrate understanding of the topics and ability to rework them. This will be integrated by a small closed-questions test, which attendind students can anticipate during the course. Optionally, it will be possible to carry out an additional oral exam (+/- 2). Finally, only for attending students, it will be possible to take an intermediate test on the first part of the course.

Mankiw, N., Principles of Economics, Ninth Edition, Editore: Cengate, Anno edizione: 2021, ISBN: 9780357038314
Note: The chapters part of the exam will be announced during the course. Other editions of the same book will also be fine
Towse, R., Advanced Introduction to Cultural Economics, Editore: Edward Elgar, Anno edizione: 2014, ISBN: 9781781954904
Note: The chapters part of the exam will be announced during the course
Fratesi, U., Regional Policy: Theory and Practice, Editore: Routledge, Anno edizione: 2024, ISBN: 9780815364085
Note: The chapters part of the exam will be announced during the course
Foray, D., The Economics of Knowledge, Editore: MIT Press, Anno edizione: 2004, ISBN: 9780262272926
Note: The chapters part of the exam will be announced during the course
UNCTAD, Creative Economy Outlook, Anno edizione: 2024, ISBN: 9789210031899
Note: The chapters part of the exam will be announced during the course

Questo insegnamento contribuisce al raggiungimento dei seguenti Obiettivi di Sviluppo Sostenibile dell'Agenda ONU 2030:
SDG3 - GOOD HEALTH AND WELLBEING
SDG11 - SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES
SDG13 - CLIMATE ACTION
The 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) promoted by the United Nations in 2015 ( http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html ) represent the holistic framework for action. In particular, the course aims at localising SDG 11, Sustainable Cities and Communities, in urban regeneration strategies. We will address how the SDGs and specific targets can be effectively applied at the urban scale throughout the entire design pathway.
Relevant goals, which are going to be addressed during the design exploration, are:

• SDG13: climate action will be the main scope of regeneration intervention for climate change mitigation and adaptation in urban environments;
• SDG3: the focus on health and well-being in relation to the urban space, especially in a university campus and district, is relevant to promote an approach to One Health through design;
• SDG 15: the focus on urban biodiversity and how more-than-human species can be preserved and enhanced in cities is the starting point for the design studio when it comes to rethink GOCCIA;
• and, not to be underestimated: SDG7 (energy sufficiency and savings, energy efficiency, clean production) and SDG12 (circularity in urban eco-systems; industrial symbiosis).

The twofold objective of the studio - providing basic knowledge on sustainability and resilience and exploring possible future scenarios of urban transition - is pursued through both theoretical and practical application in a design project that intentionally takes into account the implications of different dynamics, namely urban morphology, materials, socio-demographics, and mobility. The objective of the project is to put in practice and experiment on a specific environment, climate, and energy-oriented urban strategies and actions. Such objectives will guide the course structure and the lecture calendar. Specific attention to comfort and well-being in cities will be fostered in the development of the design solutions. The sustainability lens for investigating today's conditions and designing future scenarios will tackle both the environment and people's perspectives to assess the overall urban quality. This is intended as a complex system, where people's experience is one of the indicators of well-being and urban health, along with environmental ones. The approach is indeed grounded on a human-centred and one health design perspective. To complement this approach, a nature-centred perspective, where nature is a stakeholder, will also be introduced, in line with the recent trends of the European 2030 Biodiversity strategy.
Investigations
The studio poses the question of how we should act as urban planners to achieve more sustainable, energy-efficient, and climate-change-adaptive urban environments in response to the challenges of ecological transition. We will explore two main ways to approach this question: one concerns the policies that cities can adopt to promote more environmentally friendly practices; the second concerns the design and physical implications of the built environment for achieving sustainability and resilience.
The main research question will be:
How can we spatially envision original and innovative ways to integrate climate mitigation and adaptation strategies into urban environments, leveraging current and emerging technologies while ensuring environmental justice and inclusive co-creation with citizens and stakeholders?
This question invites reflection on how spatial planning can operationalise the climate transition through participatory and equitable processes, ensuring that technological solutions are embedded within socially just frameworks.
How can urban mitigation and adaptation measures—particularly soft, grey, green, and blue solutions—become integral design features within the urban planning and design toolbox?
Nature-based Solutions (NBS) offer a promising testing ground for inclusive and experimental design approaches that promote urban resilience while supporting environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable development.
How can urban planning, design, and management address the rights of more-than-human entities? The growing attention to biodiversity compels planners to rethink the relationships between human and more-than-human entities in shaping urban environments. Cities are not only inhabited by humans—they are spaces of multispecies cohabitation. This shift challenges planning practices to move beyond anthropocentric frameworks. Are current planning tools and decision-making processes equipped to engage with this expanded ethical and ecological responsibility?
Design studio topic
PLANNING FOR URBAN TRANSITIONS - Delivering Climate Transition Strategies for cities and communities
This year's studio will focus on climate transition strategies for urban areas and communities. Taking the GOCCIA area—a heavily polluted site on the north-western outskirts of Milan—as a starting point, students will engage with a real-world case of urban transition. The area is currently undergoing a reclamation process and is surrounded by multiple regeneration initiatives, including the development of the new POLIMI Campus.
Students will explore key questions around climate transition and the role of more-than-human entities in shaping urban environments. In GOCCIA, a spontaneous—yet polluted—urban forest has emerged, fostering a strong sense of belonging among local communities who are now advocating for its preservation. How can cities integrate biodiversity and forms of (controlled?) wilderness within their fabric? And how can this process contribute to the transition toward climate-neutral (mitigation) and climate-resilient (adaptation) cities?
The area presents a wide range of opportunities and challenges tied to strategic themes such as climate action, sustainable mobility, environmental and air quality, circular economy and waste management, integration of nature and biodiversity, social equity, and collaborative governance for a just transition.
Students will be asked to navigate the complexities and interdependencies among these sustainability dimensions, learning how to align objectives, strategies, and actions into a coherent and consistent urban transition pathway—using an evidence-based and place-based approach.
-------------------------------------------------------------
Context: space for action
Core principles and inspiration for the design brief assigned this year will be the crossing of urban sustainability and resilience principles, based on:
1. The recent global and European policy framework
The 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) promoted by the United Nations in 2015, ( http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html ) represent the holistic framework for action. In particular, the course aims at localizing SDG 11, Sustainable Cities and Communities, in urban regeneration strategies; related goals, which are relevant for our exploration, are also SDG13, SDG3, SDG7, SDG12, and SDG15. We will address how the SDGs and specific targets can effectively be applied at the urban scale throughout the whole design pathway.
How cities can address Climate Action (Mitigation and Adaptation measures to combat Climate Change) is the second major concern for our design activity. Can cities play a major role in promoting sound energy transition solutions, reducing risk and vulnerability, and increasing human well-being and environmental quality? The European strategies for mitigation and adaptation, promoted by the EU Green Deal and the recently launched EU Mission on 100 Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities (Milan is one of those), will represent a starting point for incorporating resilience into design concepts and provide tangible solutions. Recent experiences of European cities with Sustainable Energy Action Plans and Climate Action Plans will be investigated, having in mind the local context of the Metropolitan City of Milan (its background, experience,e and challenges).
2. The planning framework in Milan
Both the City of Milan and the Metropolitan City have recently launched a series of relevant urban strategies that strongly relate to our studio, in particular: the urban resilience and forestation strategies, the ‘Piano Aria Clima’ (PAC), the launch of the new update of the city plan and the vision for Milano 2030, the Metropolitan Territorial Plan (PTM), including adaptation actions at the territorial level.
3. Synergies to up-running projects: the specific design context of Milan
Work teams will refer to plans and projects active in the Milanese context, in particular the Urban Resilience Strategy and Piano Aria Clima, the CLEVER Cities project, the Climate Change and Territory and Towards Climate Proof Landscapes projects funded by Fondazione Cariplo and the recent Milan Urban Forestation program ForestaMI.
Specifically, a number of related research projects the instructors are involved in are a strong reference for this studio:
The GOCCIA project, funded under the European Urban Initiative, seeks to regenerate Milan’s former industrial site “La Goccia” through a nature-led remediation and regeneration model—using spontaneous phytoremediation and interspecies design thinking to reclaim contaminated soils, enhance biodiversity, and establish inclusive, ecosystem‑integrated urban space.
The first POLIMI Climate Change Adaptation Plan (2026) offers an opportunity to position the Bovisa Campus as a key component of the GOCCIA’s broader climate transition strategy—leveraging adaptation and resilience measures that extend beyond the campus’s physical boundaries.
The investigation and implementation of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) at the urban scale through greening and cooling strategies will be addressed as well, through a link to the CLEVER Cities project, funded by the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 Programme.
AP+A Pro-adaptation in Production Areas, diffusing sustainability culture in industrial and retail areas in the Metropolitan City of Milan, also implemented specific measures for urban planning rules and co-creation methods to be transferred to other types of urban districts ( https://www.areeproadattive.polimi.it ).
To analyze the experiential perspective the exp-EIA © (experiential Environmental Impact Assessment), developed within the European Projects AR4CUP: Augmented Reality for Collaborative Urban Planning, 2019 and 2020; the method will be applied in specific moments of the studio.
The Urban Regeneration (Cities of the Future) Ecosystem (funded by the PNRR Spoke 1), working on the University Campuses of the City of Milan will be connected to the studio.
NATI00NS (https://nati00ns.eu/) is an EU project under the Soil Mission that provides numerous references on soil issues.
Structure of the studio activity
The course is organised around the main component, which is the design studio, i.e. the implementation of a design project. The goal of the design activity is to develop a design project that envisions possible sustainable future scenarios for a number of different cityscapes within the proposed urban context. Students are asked to work in groups of four to five; each team should be composed of students with different backgrounds to better integrate heterogeneous skills. This design application should incorporate all the theoretical content presented in the lectures by the main instructors and guests.
The studio is integrated with complementary activities, finalised to give students a better insight and deeper understanding of the knowledge presented through lectures. These can be readings, assigned to complete the content presented at the lectures, or a short written assignment (the glossary of terms, catalogue of adaptation measures, short reporting on best practice case-study applications), with the aim of building common resources to be shared among the class and finalized to feed the design project. On-site practical surveys will be undertaken with environmental instruments. Moreover, a series of targeted tools and models will be presented to increase the practical toolkit of students.
The design project will be developed according to the following main phases:
The review of current policies and strategies related to urban resilience and energy transition;
the mapping of the current landscape conditions (mainly Socio-demographic, Energy, Climate, Environment and Mobility) including citizens’ experience;
Mapping Climate Change-related hazards and vulnerability assessment;
Mapping urban greening and adaptation actions’ potential;
Climate planning - adaptation strategy;
The development of the concept plan based on a design methodological approach that identifies: Urban Challenges, Design Principles, Strategies, Actions and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in relation to the SDGs;
The design assessment through the calculation of KPIs before and after intervention, in order to assess the progress obtained through the suggested design scheme;
and finally the masterplan and the design of focus design schemes; meta-design projects where mitigation, adaptation and greening actions are applied to the physical space, with specific attention to workspaces (industry and retail) and connected services.
The instructors will continually assist with the design process in class, offering design reviews and recommending the most suitable tools for implementing the design schemes.
Beside the reference to the SDGs, the following six themes will direct our observations on site: energy (energy efficiency and renewable energies), climate (mitigation and adaptation measures), environment (environmental quality and comfort), mobility and accessibility (sustainable mobility, smart linkage of places, way-finding), social wellbeing and welfare (intended as the individual and collective well-being and health), circular economy and waste. The proposed themes are deliberately broad to encourage an interdisciplinary approach, are interrelated, may overlap and be understood as an opportunity to focus on specific actions that will inform the following design phases.
The concept plan: The six themes will also help students in structuring possible strategies and finalized actions to define design solutions. The concept plan is a preliminary design phase that includes observations at a higher level to understand the role of the selected urban district within a larger context (hierarchies among districts, specific characteristics).
The masterplan: The final step will be the masterplan, which, in this case, provides a vision of a possible future for the case-study areas. In this last insight, the actions related to the six themes will be made visible, and some clues that an answer to more sustainable urban futures is possible will emerge. The vision will be supported by the theories and readings, and by the previous phases of the design.
Lectures
The lectures are organised in order to cover the main topics addressed by energy- and climate-conscious urban planning. These topics are mainly the following: Introduction to Sustainable Development Goals, Energy considerations and sources at the urban scale, climate change and local action to reduce greenhouse gasses (GHG) emissions, adaptation and mitigation towards carbon-neutral cities, policies (mitigation and adaptation) and analyses issues related to energy sources and the market to figure out possible scenarios, urban form/morphology, materials, and energy mapping. In particular, we will tackle how urban designers and planners can work on the physical and material layout of the urban form in order to improve the overall sustainability of cities and reduce the environmental footprint of ecological cycles, by improving the efficiency of mobility and energy management (savings and production based on a short energy chain).
The ultimate goal is to introduce the students to the topic of sustainable development applied to the urban planning discipline (localising SDGs). In parallel, lectures on the experiential and multisensory approach to urban planning and design will provide foundational knowledge to promote a holistic design perspective.
Bibliography
Specific references (articles, scientific papers, and book contributions) on the topic energy, climate, and the city will be assigned during the class.
For more information
Please, refer to the Laboratorio di Simulazione Urbana Fausto Curti website, where the main research projects conducted by the main instructor are listed: http://www.labsimurb.polimi.it
Direct reference to previous teaching activity and last year’s outcomes are also available, with the possibility to visit the digital exhibition of last years works: http://www.labsimurb.polimi.it/ecup2021/

Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
Valutazione continua obbligatoria
The primary focus of the evaluation will be the planning and design proposals developed as the culmination of the semester's studio activities. These proposals should reflect the content and guidance provided by instructors throughout the course. Students will collaborate in design teams of 4 to 5 members, depending on the total class size. However, individual evaluations will be conducted based on specific tasks assigned during the semester and the oral exam, where students present their work, ensuring that each student's contributions and understanding are assessed independently.

Il corso ha l’obiettivo di sviluppare la conoscenza delle nozioni e degli strumenti essenziali della disciplina, con un’attenzione particolare all’esercizio delle capacità di analisi e di critica.

Secondo i Descrittori di Dublino (DdD), il superamento dell’esame attesta l'acquisizione dei seguenti risultati:

• DdD 1 (conoscenza e comprensione);
• DdD 3 (autonomia di giudizio);
• DdD 4 (abilità comunicative);
• DdD 5 (capacità di apprendimento).

Attraverso strumenti filosofici, soprattutto teoretici, il corso è concentrato sullo studio delle idee che fondano un’estetica dell’architettura possibile: le idee di ordine, natura, forma, utilità, ornamento, spazio, tempo, autonomia, eteronomia e civiltà. È analizzato anche il significato etimologico e filosofico del concetto di architettura e la sua relazione con il concetto di arte.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Prova scritta (domande di carattere teorico a risposta aperta sugli argomenti del corso). Gli studenti frequentanti dovranno preparare gli appunti delle lezioni e la risorsa bibliografica obbligatoria. Gli studenti non frequentanti dovranno preparare entrambe le risorse bibliografiche: obbligatoria e facoltativa. È possibile sostenere l’esame in inglese. La valutazione farà riferimento alla qualità dell’elaborato, e in particolare alla capacità dello studente di rispondere alle domande attraverso la comprensione profonda degli argomenti del corso.

S. Chiodo, Estetica dell'architettura, Editore: Carocci, Anno edizione: 2011
W. Tatarkiewicz, Storia di sei idee, capitoli 1-2 (Arte), 8 (Creatività) e 9-10 (Imitazione), Editore: Aesthetica, Anno edizione: 2006

Questo insegnamento contribuisce al raggiungimento dei seguenti Obiettivi di Sviluppo Sostenibile dell'Agenda ONU 2030:
SDG1 - NO POVERTY
SDG10 - REDUCED INEQUALITIES
SDG11 - SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES

THE BACKGROUND: THEMES, TOPICS, AND CHALLENGES
The shift to post-industrial societies has implied major changes in the labour market, especially in terms of high mobility and flexibility of the workforce, and compression of salaries and wages. These factors have been producing dramatic changes in the life settings and perspectives of growing numbers of individuals and in the social fabric of housing and neighbourhoods across the globe. Ageing of the population, diversification of family structures and de-synchronization of life courses are reflected in changes in both housing needs (for instance with an increase in singles, in multi-local living, in house sharing) and in the ways of living in one’s neighbourhood. In the New Millennium, multiple crises have been experienced. Working and income conditions of many worsened, austerity policies at the European and national level have reduced public spending for social and urban policies for several years. In 2020, the burst of the Covid-19 pandemic brought about a major health, economic and social shock, while favouring a boost in the use of technologies and in the remote modalities of working, studying and more in general accessing resources. This has complex impacts in terms for example of reduced mobility needs and increased accessibility for some, but also digital divides and risks of isolation for many.
In this frame, cities represent an interesting context of policy, planning and architectural design, where peculiar conditions filter the cited social, demographic, economic and political transformations.
THE THEME FOR THE 2026/2027 WORKSHOP: HOUSING VOIDS
In many growing and vibrant cities across Europe, the costs of housing have risen at an extreme rate due to the property boom and intense financialization of real estate in the first decade of the new Millenium. In a phase in which savings were increasingly invested in property, the proportion of homeowners generally grew, while the number of rented flats shrank, especially in contexts, like Italy, of substantial deregulation.
Today, in attractive urban centres, the costs of living are disproportioned to the overall economic conditions of individuals and households. This raises concerns about access to affordable housing in particular for younger generations and migrants, as well as for those who have a temporary and uncertain job position.
While we see the demand for affordable housing increasing in some urban contexts, entire territories and urban centres in more marginal regions and areas are facing a severe process of shrinkage and depopulation. These processes are due to demographic change and decreasing birth rates but also to local economic decline and out-migrations as many would leave in the search of a more rewarding labour market. Shrinkage and depopulation can lead to high vacancy rates, oversupply and, in some cases, derelict housing stock.
Despite the diverging development and housing market trajectories in attractive urban areas and shrinking areas, in both cases we can identify a consistent phenomenon of voids. For various and different reasons, entire housing blocks are vacant, entire buildings lost their original function and lay empty, old and new dwellings are left empty or underused.
The combination of mobility required by the labour markets, remote work modalities based on technologies, low salaries and discontinuous job contracts calls for reconsidering the strategic value of a more affordable and flexible housing offer. New approaches, concepts, and models are needed to reform physical structures as well as social protection and social investment programmes, with the aim of bridging contradictions, contrasting inequalities, and pursuing access to housing, development for all and sustainability.
All this calls for new energies, ideas and visions in urban planning, social planning and architectural design.
Against this backdrop, the workshop aims to prove new inputs to the debate on the above issues through the research, analysis and development of experimental projects and innovative policy actions that could contribute to housing affordability through a proactive use of voids (widely defined).
We will work on some very basic questions that concern the access to housing for many:
how do individuals and families with small and uncertain salaries secure a roof over their head?
What are the reasons for the presence of voids in different contexts? How can we provide policies, schemes and projects to develop their potential?
which options and solutions can we find to organise living in a city with disproportionately high costs or in contexts that are facing shrinkage and depopulation?
Lessons by the teaching team, the presentation and collective discussion of short individual assignments, field visits and guest lectures will form the basis for the development of the group exercise. Interaction with actors involved in housing and social policies will provide a vivid exchange about the concrete issues, problems and potentials. A strong focus on an international set of case studies, frontline research and innovative housing projects will be offered as a frame for an understanding of major contemporary challenges in the elaboration of housing projects and neighbourhood development. Books, Articles and references relevant to support the project work will be indicated specifically according to the specific topics and issues that will be developed by each working group.

Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
We expect the workshop to be a collective learning process in which knowledge is developed and shared: active participation in class and in collective discussions as well as the contribution to the development of the workshop will be encouraged and evaluated.
The final evaluation will be based on the mid-term presentations, the contribution to the final collective report, the final discussion and presentation of the group-work, as well as on the overall active individual participation to the group and to the class.

The main aim of the course is to provide Politecnico di Milano (i.e. non-economics) students with a solid understanding

• of how the tools of economic analysis can help inform real-world dilemmas and debates about a range of public policies;
• of the economics of income distribution and the welfare state.

Students are expected to acquire a good grasp of how economics can enhance their understanding of complex policy questions concerning urban and social issues, and contribute to the search for better policy solutions.

Components
There are two parts to this course:
099733 - POVERTY, INEQUALITY AND THE WELFARE STATE
099734 – ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC POLICIES
099733 - POVERTY, INEQUALITY AND THE WELFARE STATE
The lectures will introduce the general theme of the economics of the welfare state, followed by a number of lectures on specific policy areas:
Introduction
The welfare state: history and politics
The welfare state: state intervention
The welfare state: insurance
Poverty and inequality
Guaranteed minimum income
Anti-poverty policy in Italy
Universal basic income
Retirement pensions
Heath care
Child care
Migration and the welfare state
Innovation and the welfare state
099734 – ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC POLICIES
The lectures will introduce the general theme of the economics of public policies, followed by a number of lectures on specific policy areas:
Introduction
Geography: agglomeration economies, spatial inequalities
Housing I: affordability, rent control
Housing II: social housing, mortgage interest tax relief, housing allowances
Environment I: pollution, private solutions
Environment: public solutions, collective solutions, climate change
Transport: congestion, public transport, road tolls, surge pricing
Prohibition: perverse effects of prohibiting voluntary exchange
Migration: history, politics, economics, and public policy
Minimum wage: history, politics, disemployment effects, recent evidence
Industrial policy: the East Asian miracles, the new economics of industrial policy
Technology: automation, platforms, artificial intelligence, and the future of work

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Students will be assessed on the basis of: (i) their active participation in class, and (iiI) their performance in a written exam at the end of the term.

The course consists of two joint and integrated modules (Ethnographical approaches in urbanism and Urban survey), targeting students enrolled in the Master of Science in Urban Planning-Policy Design as well as in the Master of Science in Architecture.
The course aims at developing an ethnographical approach meant as a way to develop competences in understanding the city through observing, describing, interpreting and representing the urban space in its material and social configurations and changes. A main objective of the course is to develop competences in researching, interpreting and describing through texts and photo reportages how urban spaces work.

At the end of the course, students are expected to have developed:

• the awareness that cities and urban spaces are material evidences and witness the kind of relations, of social and spatial assets that architecture, urban planning and social practices produce;
• awareness of the ways in which an etnographic approach can contribute to the work of urban planners and architects dealing with places and people;
• competences in developing an effective and sound analysis and understanding of the material, symbolical and social dimension of how space is designed, implemented and used;
• capacity to understand the intertwining of social and spatial issues at stake in the functioning of public space;
• capacity to develop original and effective ways to report field work observations and to represent and communicate outcomes in an effective and diversified way (i.e. photos, texts, presentations...)

Different means and “tactics” to develop ethnographical approaches as well as to represent their outcomes will be explored, with particular attention to photography. Along with references to the tradition of ethnographical studies, students will learn the logic of direct participant observation, the analysis of social practices and other approaches to social and spatial analysis which can support the understanding and interpretation of the way urban space is organized and results as the combined product of human and non-human actors.
The course is organized in a sequence of different activities aimed at developing a n ethnographical approach:
1. LECTURES: Theoretical contributions and focuses on methodological issues, readings and discussion of papers and articles as well as class exercises (role-playing, etc.) as well as the presentation and discussion of case studies.
2. SHORT EXCURSIONS in selected urban spaces to interpret and decode a given urban context/ project.
3. SEMINARS: Seminars will be proposed during the whole course: a set of open seminars given by invited scholars and professionals on the course approaches and topics will be jointly organized with some other cooperating and partner courses (such as the Workshop on Infrastructure Planning and Design). Materials, documents, texts and references presented in class will be made available online to the participants.
4. A FIELD EXERCISE: RITUALS/Collective and individual performances in the urban realm
Based on an exploration (through direct observation and photography), students will develop an individual essay on how rituals are extraordinary and/or everyday collective and individual performances and routines that shape city life. Rituals will be explored both regarding the way in which they are developed in space and considering the intertwining with cultural and social practices. Special attention is given to how rituals reflect power structures, cultural identities and social change and to the role of rituals as a framework for understanding the cultural fabric of contemporary cities. The topic will be introduced, discussed and fine-tuned in class, while each student will define her/his more specific focus, and will be supported in developing original individual work. Students will be supported in chosing the specific site for field work.
A set of initiatives on the topic are being foreseen, while a final seminar will be organized for the presentation and discussion of the field exercises. At the end of the course, all the individual works will be collected in a collective report.

Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, individuale, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
Given the character of the course, active participation of the students is highly recommended.
The course will be based on an open interaction between teaching staff and students. Active participation and interaction of students will be welcomed, encouraged and evaluated.
ATTENDING STUDENTS: the evaluation will be based on the results of a work consisting in a written text and a photographic essay. The students will be requested to deliver the project work one week before the exam e to prepare a 10 minutes ppt presentation for the day of the exam which will be organised in the form of a seminar. The evaluation of attending students will be mainly based on an oral presentation of the product elaborated in the field exercise and on the discussion of the contents of: Jacobs J. (1961), The death and Life of Great American Cities and Lieto L. (2017), How material objects become urban things, City 21 (5): 568-579.
Further readings may be selected from the given list upon students’ own interest and in agreement with the Professors.
NON ATTENDING STUDENTS: While we highly recommend attendance, NON ATTENDING STUDENTS shall study and prepare for the exam the following 4 texts:
1. the Book by Madden
2. the book by Jacobs
3. one book out of the reading list
4. one article out of the reading list
For non attending students the exam will consist in a short written exam with questions concerning the preparation on the reading list.

Cranz G., Ethnography for Designers, Editore: Routledge, Anno edizione: 2016
Anderson E., The Cosmopolitan Canopy. Race and Civility in Everyday Life, Editore: W.W. Norton & Company, Anno edizione: 2011
Note: BOOK
Madden R., Being Ethnographic. A guide to the theory and practice of ethnography, Editore: Sage, Anno edizione: 2010, ISBN: 9781412946964
Note: BOOK
Cefai D., Que est la etnografie? in Persona y sociedad, 27 (1), available in French and in Spanish, Anno edizione: 2013, Fascicolo: 27 (1)
Note: Available by the teaching staff
Bovo Martina, Briata Paola, Bricocoli Massimo, A bus as a public space. Everyday multiculturalism in Milan/ Urban Studies, Anno edizione: 2022
Note: Available from the teaching staff
Paola Briata, Being together as a body exercise. Ethnographic perspectives. In Anzani A (ed) Conscious Dweelling, Anno edizione: 2022
Note: available from the teaching staff
De Certau Michel, The practice of everyday life, Editore: University of California Press, Anno edizione: 1984
Stender M., Bech Danielson C., Landsverk Hagen A., Architectural Anthropology. Exploring Lived Space, Editore: Routledge, London, Anno edizione: 2021
Jacobs jane, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Editore: Random House, New York, Anno edizione: 1961, ISBN: 0-679-74195-X
Note: Easily available also in italian and other languages
Lieto Laura, How material objects become urban things, Editore: City, Anno edizione: 2017, Fascicolo: 21(5)

The course provides an advanced introduction to institutional design and rule-making under conditions of uncertainty, with a particular focus on planning and urban governance. It explores how different forms of regulation and institutional arrangements can support effective planning while addressing complexity, uncertainty, and innovation.
The objectives are the following:
Develop an understanding of the role of rules and institutions under conditions of uncertainty.
Explore different regulatory approaches and their implications for planning, urban design, and governance.
Apply theoretical and analytical concepts to the design and evaluation of planning rules and regulatory instruments.

Students are expected to improve their skills in the following ways:
Develop an advanced understanding of institutional design and regulatory approaches in planning.
Apply analytical tools to evaluate and design planning rules, regulatory instruments, and institutional arrangements.
Critically assess alternative regulatory strategies for addressing uncertainty and contemporary planning challenges.
Communicate and discuss planning solutions effectively through oral presentations and written assignments.

INTRODUCTION: BACKGROUND OF THE COURSE
Uncertainty – and radical uncertainty especially – is a key issue for planning. It derives from a number of sources including natural hazards, technological innovations and financial shocks, as well as the unpredictable everyday choices of present and future urban actors. Radical uncertainty in planning is usually connected with so-called “wicked” problems; that is, those problems that are difficult to be consistently and concisely stated in advance. The course investigates the “methodological”, “strategic”, and “procedural” aspects of regulatory decision-making under conditions of uncertainty; that is, the role of an appropriately multidimensional and multifaceted “institutional design”. In the context of urban planning, one observation regarding the nature of public rules (directives, regulations, standards, guidelines, etc.) is particularly relevant. Public rules, such as land-use rules and building standards, are helpful, not because they can directly solve problems, but because, if they are appropriately set, they create viable and reliable expectations among a plurality of actors with irreducibly different life-plans; thus, they can contain uncertainty in the social and economic world without necessarily hampering innovation and creativity. We could say that they reduce unnecessary and undesirable uncertainty while keeping a wide range of options open. Cities are extremely complex entities; hence the key is not to forecast their future accurately but to be prepared to embrace their fundamental uncertainty without abandoning (adequate) planning.
In this perspective, the course is divided into three parts.
FIRST PART OF THE COURSE: THREE MAIN QUESTIONS ON RULES
Regarding rules in planning, three types of questions are dealt with in the first part of the course. First, there are “analytical” (i.e conceptual) questions: for instance, what kinds of rules are there? What are the distinctive features of the various kinds of rules? Second, there are “strategic” questions: what objectives can be achieved through rules? How can rules be employed to achieve particular objectives? How can complex rules be avoided and instead have simpler ones? Third, there are “ethical” questions: what rules are just (legitimate, desirable)?
Considering the first set of “analytical” questions, two important and useful distinctions among different kinds of rules are taken into account.
The first distinction is between “formal rules” and “informal rules”. Formal rules are those officially set by a public authority, such as a local government (e.g. land-use plans). Instead, informal rules are those that have spontaneously evolved as part of traditions and customs (e.g. traditional ways to align buildings).
A second distinction is between “statutory rules” and “contractual rules”. Statutory rules are those imposed by the state at its various levels (e.g. local building standards). Instead, contractual rules are those rules voluntarily accepted by individuals in accordance with an agreement (e.g. covenants). The rules accepted by contractual communities – homeowner associations, co-housing complexes, residential cooperatives, etc. – are of this latter type.
SECOND PART OF THE COURSE: TWO INNOVATIVE DIRECTIONS
The second part of the course is focused on two interesting innovative research directions in the field of regulation (with important implications for planning practices and urban design).
First behaviour can be regulated not only through written rules – on which much of the attention has generally focused – but also through “drawn rules” (e.g. traffic signs, road marks, zoning maps) and “regulatory artifacts” (e.g. roundabouts, fences, channelling barriers). Drawn rules have always played a crucial – but little explored – role in urban planning. Regulatory artifacts also have an important – and similarly underexplored – role in cities.
Secondly, behaviour can be influenced not only through rules but also through other forms of intervention (especially by shaping the “choice architecture”, i.e. the context in which urban agents make decisions). This research field was opened by studies on the well-known phenomenon of “nudging”, and it has been recently developed in terms of so-called “rule-free regulation”: that is, an attempt to “regulate” behaviour without using rules at all.
THIRD PART OF THE COURSE: PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
The tools and instruments introduced during the course will be applied to crucial practical issues, for instance the following ten: (i) simplification of land-use rules and building standards; (ii) design of property rights arrangements to encourage varied and dispersed ownership patterns; (iii) TDR (transferable-development-rights) design and organization; (iv) design of private contracts (e.g. covenant restrictions in real estate); (v) community design (e.g. in the case of “energy communities”); (vi) inclusive regulation and management of urban public spaces; (vii) anti-corruption measures in land-use decisions; (viii) the response to vacancy and abandonment of buildings; (ix) the fostering of project creativity and technological innovation in the construction sector; (x) the promotion of adaptability (and self-organization potential) of urban neighbourhoods.

Prova scritta facoltativa (a scelta dello studente), senza prove in itinere
Prova orale obbligatoria
Altro
An optional written examination is available for students attending the course, while a compulsory oral examination is required for students who do not attend the course

B. Needham, Planning, Law and Economics The Rules We Make for Using Land, Editore: Routledge, Anno edizione: 2006, ISBN: 9780415343749
E. Ben-Joseph, The Code of the City: Standards and the Hidden Language of Place Making, Editore: MIT Press, Anno edizione: 2005, ISBN: 0262524457
E. Talen, City Rules: How Regulations Affect Urban Form, Editore: Island Press, Anno edizione: 2012, ISBN: 1610911768

Goals
By examining the reciprocal relationship between urban planning and representations of the urban environment, the course approaches visual thinking as a constitutive mode of spatial reasoning. Images of cities and territories are understood as selective constructions that organise, abstract, and frame spatial knowledge; as products of historically situated ways of seeing; and as performative artefacts that classify, regulate, persuade, and help shape the realities to which they refer.
The course has five principal objectives:

• Situate the principles of visual thinking within the history of modern and contemporary planning, recognising perception as an active mode of reasoning and images as selective, constructed records rather than neutral transcriptions of reality.
• Examine the operative languages, techniques, and methodological conventions of representation in planning, with particular attention to the possibilities and limitations of visual language at urban and territorial scales.
• Critically assess what planning images do: whose interests they serve, which forms of knowledge they authorise, what and whom they render visible or invisible, and what performative, institutional, and administrative effects they produce.
• Assess emerging trajectories in the use of images for planning, from data-driven representation and remote sensing to automated analysis, visualisation, and synthetic image production.
• Expand students’ visual vocabulary and their capacity to select, combine, and justify representational strategies appropriate to different planning questions, audiences, and scales.

By the end of the course, students will be able to:

• Explain and critically discuss the principal theories, historical developments, and representational languages relevant to visual thinking in urban and territorial planning.
• Analyse and deconstruct maps, diagrams, notational systems, data visualisations, and other planning images by identifying their formal components, conventions, scales, evidentiary claims, and rhetorical operations.
• Produce coherent visual representations by selecting and combining appropriate techniques, forms of abstraction, notations, and graphic languages.
• Formulate independent judgements about the evidentiary status, assumptions, omissions, interests, and institutional implications embedded in spatial representations.
• Critically assess the opportunities, limitations, and epistemological implications of emerging visual technologies, including remote sensing, data-driven visualisation, automated image analysis, and synthetic image production.
• Present, discuss, and defend analytical and design work through integrated visual, oral, and written communication, explicitly justifying the representational choices made.

The course treats visual thinking as a constitutive mode of spatial reasoning rather than as a craft of drawing or as the cosmetic finishing of a project. Its founding premise is that perception and cognition are inseparable: to see is already to think, and the planner who claims only to describe a territory is already arguing about it. The orientation is critical and problematizing. The aim is not to teach students to produce persuasive pictures but to ask what images do, whose interests they serve, which knowledge they authorize, and what they silence. Three propositions organize the work: the image is a construction and not a record; vision is historically situated, since the synoptic view from above is a specific scopic regime tied to survey and government rather than a natural way of seeing; and planning images are performative, helping to bring about the realities they appear only to depict. Students should be able to ground the principles of visual thinking and locate them in recent planning history; command the operative languages of representation and the methodological choices each imposes; identify the specificities and limits of visual language at the urban scale, where no single image holds the object whole; assess emerging trajectories in the use of images for planning; and expand their visual vocabulary and critical capacity. The course adds reflexivity about authorship, an understanding of the administrative and legal force of planning images, attention to who is represented and who represents, and a shared lexicon portable to studio, policy, and practice. The contents are organized into distinct but integrated modules. The first grounds visual thinking in cognition (Arnheim, Gestalt, the pictorial turn) and dismantles the assumption of transparency through Berger, Barthes, and Rose, examining the verbo-visual devices (legend, caption, annotation) that instruct a reading. The second reconstructs a critical genealogy: the survey tradition and Geddes; the modern diagram and the functional city; the perceptual and embodied turn of Lynch and Cullen and its limits; the radical critiques of the Situationists and the Italian neo-avant-garde; and the disciplinary tradition this programme inherits, from morphological reading and Rossi to Secchi and Viganò, with McHarg's overlay as the ancestor of the GIS layer. The third studies operative languages as grammars whose every choice is also a choice about what can be said: Bertin's visual variables, thematic cartography and its distortions, projection systems as epistemologies, the diagram in its analytical and generative roles, layering, montage, notation, and data visualization and its rhetoric. The fourth isolates the problems specific to the urban scale: the impossibility of the total view, the tension between the synoptic and the embodied, the substitution of an aggregate body for lived and unequal bodies, the representation of time and the future, the images of regulation and negotiation and their force, and the contested image of counter-mapping and participation. The fifth turns to emerging horizons (the render economy, GIS and the urban dashboard, remote sensing and the planetary view, digital twins, immersive media, and AI-based synthetic imagery), treating them as matters for judgement rather than as a future to be awaited. The course alternates lectures with studio exercises and is built around the cycle of deconstruction and reassembly: students dismantle an existing artefact into its elements and its claims, expose its silences, and rebuild an alternative that argues differently or addresses a different public.

Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
Work proceeds in two registers, individual and collective, and is submitted to constant revision in class: no artifact is treated as a finished deliverable but as a position held provisionally, exposed to critique, and remade. What is assessed across these cycles is the movement of the work, the readiness to dismantle one's own choices and to argue for what replaces them, rather than the polish of a final image. The collective register adds a further object of scrutiny, since deciding together what is represented and who represents is itself part of the problem the course poses.
The examination is oral and bears at once on the work produced and revised, on the contents of the course, and on the bibliography. The student is asked to account for the representational decisions taken, to name what those decisions authorize and what they silence, and to situate them within the genealogy and the operative languages studied. Recall of the sources is necessary but not sufficient: the reading is assessed by the use the student can make of it, that is, by the capacity to bring a text to bear on a concrete problem of representation and to hold a position under questioning.

Rudolf Arnheim, Visual Thinking, Editore: University of California Press
Bruno Latour, Visualisation and Cognition: Thinking with Eyes and Hands
Gillian Rose, Visual Methodologies
Edward Tufte, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information

The course aims to provide students with theoretical knowledge, methodological tools, and design skills for analyzing and transforming landscapes in relation to urban space.

Upon completion of the course, students should be able to critically analyze urban space in relation to landscape at different scales and interpret the relationships between natural, historical, and social systems (Knowledge and Understanding). They should also be able to apply landscape design methodologies to develop coherent and innovative proposals for public spaces, integrating ecological processes, spatial quality, and urban transformation strategies (Application of Knowledge and Understanding). Students should demonstrate autonomy in developing design concepts, making informed decisions, and evaluating alternative solutions (Judgment). They will then have to effectively communicate design processes and results through drawings, maps, diagrams, models and oral presentations (Communication skills), while strengthening collaborative working methods and the ability to independently explore theoretical and design issues relevant to landscape architecture (Learning skills).

Landscape and Public Space Design
Scuola AUIC Politecnico di Milano a.a. 2025-2026
"La Natura dello spazio condiviso nel post-digitale”
“The Nature of the collective spaces in the post-digital era”
Prof. Architect Andreas Kipar
COURSE MAIN TOPICS
The course begins with the disciplinary discussion of the binary "Nature and City" and "Nature in the
City," which are considered as potential paths to sustainability. It then looks at detailed intervention
tactics at various scales, from the urban to the neighborhood.
The course will be a collaborative laboratory of experiences and cutting-edge concepts for urban
landscape and public space architecture, The Nature of Collective places will be the evocative title
of the course and research. More in deep, the goals of the course are:

• Create urban landscapes that allow people to re-occupy the shared areas of the historic center
  by designing them from the standpoint of an integrated ecosystem, which includes places for
  people and non-human animals to enjoy nature.
• Encouraging upcoming landscape architects and planners to consider the environmental,
  social, and cultural aspects of urban public space design as means of facilitating the creation
  of new open areas.
  These are the tasks for the revitalization of the areas in our cities' historic cores that are currently
  experiencing fast gentrification processes because of global market logics that frequently exclude
  the benefit of Nature in the dynamics of urban regeneration plans and functional programs.
  More specifically, one of the goals of the training is to: - - - -
  Describe the dynamism of the spaces The logic of lines and liminal spaces can be used to summarize
  the structure of the major cities, which are composed of nodes, institutional and relational networks,
  and interweavings. The environment displayed using lines is hyper-dynamic because lines have the
  innate tendency to progress and move continuously. (Ingold, 2020)
  Design of urban spaces as a unique dynamic system in the urban landscape that needs to be designed
  consistently with Nature's time of transformation
  Compose integrated liminal-edge spaces among infrastructures, streets, squares and transitional
  spaces in the historic city center.
  Integrate the design of public spaces with NBS, in the urban historic landscape
  To reveal the tangible and operative meaning of “Design with Nature” (McHarg, 1969) in the creation of new
  communal spaces in the post-digital age, the course will investigate the theme of Spaces for Relations.
  Additionally, the course will examine how piazzas, streets, parks, and green spaces function as essential
  elements of the new urban ecological system and how they should be combined with the city's historical
  sites and landmarks.
  A broad, systematic free space continuity that may serve as an ecological, social, and cultural resource for
  the public's health is necessary for Milan to become a green metropolis.
  The workshop will serve as the beginning of an intricate procedure that must delve deeply into the pilot
  project's landscape character.
  WORKSHOP METHODOLOGY
  The course presents Landscape architecture theoretical criteria and explores the concept of site and place.
  The teaching approach is structured on perceptive and traditional analysis instruments as the basis of
  landscape understanding.
  At the same time, the fundamental elements of the landscape such as soil, water, air, and ecosystems are
  deeply described.
  During the semester students will work as a group in a laboratory/ workshop on landscape design. The
  course will focus on creative and personal projects. Experience in workshops and surveys is part of the
  course philosophy.
  Student works will be discussed and developed by each group to encourage efficient communication of their
  ideas.
  The course will be divided into three main modules:
  1M_understanding of case studies by research and drawing.
  2M_methodology and guidelines: theory of project definition
  3M_application of the theory and design process
  The project will be developed in three main phases:
  I_perceptive and site analysis at the neighborhood scale
  II_concept and project at the scale of pilot site
  III_presentation and communication of the student's own projects
  WORKSHOP ACTIVITIES
  The course activity encourages public criticism of the projects, and critical analysis of such spaces and
  improves the creative imagination process in connection with a new vision of living in the urban and peri
  urban space.
  Theoretical Lessons on contemporary Landscape Architecture and Urban Transformation with presentation
  of many case studies;
  Open Lectures with Visiting professors and professionals discussing significant topics for the workshop;
  Milestone Seminars with public discussion on the project stages.
  Weekly review on sketches, draws, collages, pictures, diagrams, maps etc;

Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
Valutazione continua condizionata (a scelta del docente)
EXAM EVALUATION CONTENTS
Milestone Seminars/public discussion with the class: Digital presentation;
Booklet, collecting working process and mile-stone seminar contents;
Project Boards and Model (Analysis / General masterplan explaining the strategy and the functional program for the whole area / Project Focus 1: 200-1:100 / Details 1: 50-20).
METHODOLOGICAL GUIDELINES / IN-CLASS PRESENTATIONS
1. Learning by:
Perceptual analysis of project site to develop first impressions and interpretation;
Landscape abacus in which the elements composing the place are decomposed and re-associated to deepen the first perceptual analysis and give the first methodological guidelines;
2. Methodological guidelines:
from the perceptual analysis, the students develop a critical sense of observation;
from the definition of a landscape abacus, the students are meant to explore the relationship between landscape elements and develop guidelines of 'good design';
PROJECT / MILESTONE SEMINARS
1. Concept and Topics:
Reference images (projects, photos, paintings... etc) as a suggestion for the strategy and as an interpretation of the general theme chosen by the students;
Reference books. Choosing for each book a significant extract;
2. Analysis and Diagrams:
Open spaces/spaces of relation: gardens, squares, gathering places, mobility spaces, ethnic and marginalized groups rural spaces;
3. Vision and Strategy: interpretation of the Concept applied to the project area (diagrams, plans, sections, collages, maquette….)
4. Milestone Seminar: digital presentation: minimum 5, maximum 10 slides
SUGGESTED BIBLIOGRAPHY TO SUPPORT PRESENTATIONS AND SURVEYS

• Clement G., Manifesto del Terzo paesaggio (Manifeste du Tiers-Paysage), Quodlibet, Macerata 2005.
• Corner J. (a cura di), Recovering Landscape. Essays in Contemporary Landscape Architecture,
  Princeton Architectural Press, New York, 1999.
• Hillman J., Anima del luoghi (The Soul of Places), conversazione con Carlo Truppi, 2004, ed. Rizzoli
• Ingold, T. Cavallini, D. Siamo linee. Per un'ecologia delle relazioni sociali. Treccani 2020.
• Kipar A., L'Emscher-Park nel bacino della Ruhr: un progetto di ristrutturazione ambientale per
  l'esposizione internazionale di costruzioni (IBA), Il pomerio, 1993
• Kipar A., Architetture del paesaggio: ideen und wettbewerbe: l'architettura del paesaggio attraverso
  un racconto di concorsi, idee e progetti, Milano, Il verde, 2003
• Kipar A,. Nature-positive landscape: territorio, città ed ecosistemi in connessione. Rigeneriamo il
  Territorio, 2024
  Kipar, A. O., Galiulo, V., Signorini, G., & Galimberti, D. (2026). Nature-Positive: Transforming Cities and Landscapes with Scalable Strategies and Projects. Insights from LAND’s Case Studies. In A. De Toni, A. Arcidiacono & S. Ronchi (Eds.), Nature-Positive Cities: Adaptive Spatial Planning in Italy for an Ecological Urban Transition (pp. 103–113). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06617-6_9 Kipar, A. O. (2024). Smart Urban Resilience: From Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) to Nature-Positive Cities and Landscapes. In REAL CORP 2024 Proceedings, pp. 769–774
  Kipar, A. O. (2024). Smart Urban Resilience: From Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) to Nature-Positive Cities and Landscapes. In REAL CORP 2024 Proceedings, pp. 769–774
• McHarg, I.L., Design with nature. Garden City, N.Y., Published for the American Museum of Natural
  History [by] the Natural History Press, 1969
• Moreno. La città dei 15 minuti. Per una cultura urbana democratica, 2024. Add editore
• Zardini M. (a cura di), Paesaggi ibridi. Un viaggio nella città contemporanea, Skira 1996
• A.A.V.V edited by Mohsen Mostafavi and Gareth Doherty, 2010, "Ecological Urbanism", Baden,
  Larsmuller publishers.
• Sala Giovanni, Lassini Paolo, Bertin Luigi, Spazi verdi. Manuale di progettazione e gestione agro
  ambientale, Edagricole-New Business Media, 2014
• Beate Niemann, Fabian Rentzsch, Laura Montedoro, Sebastian Weber, Myriam Mäckelmann, Theresa
  Werner, Hochschule Wismar, Converting Milan, 2015, Beate Niemann editor
• Cappiello V., Attraversare il paesaggio, LISt Lab, 2017
• Sitte C., L'arte di costruire la città, 1889, Ristampato da JacaBook Reprint 2016
• Un-Habitat, My Neighbourhood. United Nations, 2023, Nairobi

The course provides an advanced introduction to planning theory, focusing on the emerging challenges that are increasingly relevant to planning, architecture, and urban design. It examines the theoretical foundations of planning and explores their implications for spatial design, governance, and contemporary urban development.
The objectives are the following:
Develop an understanding of key concepts and debates in contemporary planning theory.
Explore the relationships between planning, urban design, governance, and societal change.
Critically discuss emerging issues such as justice, complexity, adaptiveness, commons, digital technologies, and new forms of knowledge in planning.

Students are expected to improve their skills in the following ways:
Develop an advanced understanding of the main theoretical approaches and contemporary debates in planning theory.
Apply theoretical concepts to analyse planning and urban design challenges from a critical perspective.
Critically evaluate different planning approaches and formulate informed judgments on contemporary planning issues.
Communicate and discuss theoretical arguments effectively through oral presentations and written assignments.

The course is a critical, advanced introduction to planning theory, with a focus on emerging challenges that are increasingly relevant to planning, architecture, and urban design. It explores how planning ideas and practices shape urban and regional development, and how they interact with spatial design, governance, and societal change. Topics include: (i) ethics and values in planning and design (e.g. how to define the public interest in contemporary pluralistic urban societies); (ii) questions of justice in urban contexts (e.g. social vs. distributive justice; institutional vs. spatial justice; the right to the city); (iii) urban complexity, emergence, and self-organization, and their implications for planning and design; (iv) planning (i.e. producing appropriate plans that envisage sets of necessary concrete actions) vs. meta-planning (i.e. planning the way in which public authorities could and should plan); (v) vertical and horizontal subsidiarity in regional and urban contexts; (vi) the adaptiveness and anti-adaptiveness of urban neighbourhoods and built environments; (vii) commons and commonality in resource management; (viii) energy communities and distributed energy production; (ix) different forms of information and knowledge (analytical vs. experiential) and their role in planning and spatial decision-making; and (x) new digital technologies in the planning field, including applications relevant to architecture and urban design (e.g. digital twins).
This course will be particularly valuable for students interested in understanding the theoretical foundations of planning and their connections with contemporary urban, architectural, and design challenges.

Prova scritta facoltativa (a scelta dello studente), senza prove in itinere
Prova orale obbligatoria
Altro
An optional written examination is available for students attending the course, while a compulsory oral examination is required for students who do not attend the course

Michael Batty, The Computable City: Histories, Technologies, Stories, Predictions, Editore: MIT Press, Anno edizione: 2024, ISBN: 9780262547574
D. Chiffi, S. Moroni, Uncertainty, Innovation and the City. Philosophical Explorations, Editore: Edward Elgar, Anno edizione: 2025, ISBN: 9781035342662

L'insegnamento consente allo studente di condurre un’indagine conoscitiva sulle diverse e plurali forme distributive presenti nel contesto di studio e di progetto, comprendere ed elaborare le diverse tipologie di regolazione pubblica, le tecniche e gli strumenti del progetto urbanistico riferito ai servizi e alle strutture commerciali alle diverse scale dimensionali e insediative.

Secondo i Descrittori di Dublino (DdD), il superamento dell’esame attesta l'acquisizione dei seguenti risultati:
DdD 1 (conoscenza e comprensione), 3 (autonomia di giudizio), 4 (abilità comunicative) e 5 (capacità di apprendimento)

• capacità di acquisire, elaborare autonomamente e comunicare conoscenze non strettamente inerenti i temi caratterizzanti del Corso di laurea (DdD 1, 3, 4 e 5).

L’attuale contesto di contrazione e di forte criticità dell'offerta è caratterizzato da una pluralità di condizioni con impatti differenti sulle tendenze evolutive delle attività economiche urbane e delle economie di prossimità: dai cambiamenti della domanda e della mobilità sul territorio, alla ridefinizione delle dinamiche di consumo, dei flussi e degli equilibri competitivi tra canali distributivi, da una estesa riduzione delle barriere all’utilizzo del digitale con un incremento degli acquisti di prodotto sui canali e-commerce, a un problematico del patrimonio di unità sfitte e dismesse nei piani terra di molti ambiti insediativi urbani (centrali e periferici).
Le principali opportunità progettuali e strategie di risposta adottate dai diversi soggetti pubblici e privati prefigurano azioni di ridefinizione e di estensione dell’uso degli spazi pubblici orientate sia a creare maggiore capacità di tenuta e presidio dei servizi commerciali, ricreativi, culturali, sportivi, sia a promuovere interventi integrati connessi al rilancio della prossimità, alle politiche attive delle distrettualità urbane e alla rivisitazione dei progetti di rigenerazione urbana e territoriale, anche in attuazione del Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza (PNRR).
In questo quadro complesso, il corso si propone di individuare temi e questioni emergenti di carattere problematico - a scala nazionale e internazionale - nella progettazione urbanistica delle strutture commerciali e di fornire strumenti tecnici, metodologici e strategici per la definizione di progetti e politiche orientati a:

• il ridisegno qualitativo e riuso di medi e grandi contenitori urbani e di polarità extraurbane oggetto di avanzata obsolescenza localizzativa e di parziale o totale dismissione funzionale ( progetto di Demalling );
• la rigenerazione urbana dei sistemi locali di offerta centrali e periferici, investiti dagli effetti dell'attuale crisi, attraverso la prefigurazione spaziale di un programma di intervento e di linee guida progettuali per l'attivazione o consolidamento di un Distretto urbano o di un hub di prossimità, inteso come un ambito di regolazione urbanistica e di indirizzo strategico per il rilancio dell’attrattività delle attività economiche urbane rispetto alle tradizionali evasioni di spesa verso le polarità territoriali, al nuovo processo di trasformazione digitale in atto nel mercato retail e al consistente aumento del tasso di superfici commerciali sfitte ai piani terra urbani ( vacancy retail ).
  Lo studente:
• conosce e comprende le diverse tipologie di regolazione pubblica, le tecniche e gli strumenti del progetto urbanistico riferito ai servizi e alle strutture commerciali alle diverse scale dimensionali e insediative;
• è in grado di condurre un’ indagine conoscitiva del contesto di studio e di progetto attraverso un rilievo diretto delle diverse e plurali forme distributive strettamente correlato a un'analisi interpretativa degli strumenti di governo del territorio, dei differenti profili di accessibilità, delle vocazioni funzionali prevalenti, delle dinamiche del mercato immobiliare e della concorrenza spaziale tra sistemi urbani e territoriali di offerta;
• è in grado di elaborare soluzioni progettuali in ambiti urbani ed extraurbani, utilizzando una "cassetta degli attrezzi" di progettazione urbanistica di strutture commerciali caratterizzata dalla presenza sinergica di politiche qualitative sullo spazio pubblico, processi di localizzazione di nuove attività economiche urbane (comprese le produzioni creative e culturali) e progetti di valorizzazione della mobilità ciclo-pedonale.
  I contenuti del programma sono articolati secondo tre assi tematici principali:
  1) I servizi e i formati urbanistici dell'economia di prossimità. Le specificità fisico-spaziali delle molteplici tipologie insediative di offerta contemporanee in ambito urbano ed extraurbano: dai progetti di Adolf Loos a Victor Gruen, dai negozi Olivetti alla guide to shopping di Rem Koolhass, dai processi di saturazione dei bacini gravitazionali delle nuove polarità commerciali al rilancio attrattivo delle reti di prossimità urbana e del sistema dei mercati comunali coperti. Dalla configurazione di nuove centralità declinate sull'integrazione spaziale e sulla complementarietà con il contesto locale, alla qualità urbanistica e architettonica dei nuovi progetti di trasformazione urbana orientati da strategie e politiche di rigenerazione, riuso e sostituzione insediativa.
  2) Dismissione commerciale e politiche di rigenerazione urbana. Restituzione di pratiche progettuali, di politiche di governo e di regolazione urbanistica del fenomeno emergente della dismissione commerciale in realtà territoriali e urbane - europee e italiane - caratterizzate da importanti processi di abbandono e riconversione sia di micro spazi sfitti urbani, sia di medi e grandi contenitori localizzati nei tessuti extraurbani e in quelli urbani compatti e di antica formazione.
  3) Un percorso di indagine conoscitiva e di proposta progettuale in alcuni ambiti urbani e territoriali caratterizzati da rilevanti processi di dismissione commerciale di piccolo, medio e grande formato e/o dalla presenza di politiche attive orientate allo sviluppo locale e integrato di nuove distrettualità dell'offerta di prossimità.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, con prove in itinere
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
Disclaimer: Proficiency in the Italian language is required for international/Erasmus students. As of academic year 2021/2022, an Italian language proficiency test is compulsory for all foreign students admitted to all English-language Master's Degree courses or to the Laurea (equivalent to three-year Bachelor of Science) in Architectural Design - EN (Italian OFA) / E' richiesta la conoscenza della lingua italiana per gli studenti stranieri/Erasmus: si ricorda che il corso è erogato prevalentemente in lingua italiana e che "a partire dall’a.a. 2021/2022 è obbligatoria la verifica della competenza della lingua italiana per gli studenti stranieri ammessi a tutti i corsi di Laurea magistrale e triennale erogati in lingua inglese.
La didattica si svolgerà attraverso lezioni ex cathedra integrate con attività seminariali.
La valutazione sarà articolata attraverso esercitazioni applicativo-progettuali svolte in aula, una verifica scritta in itinere sui riferimenti bibliografici (un testo a scelta tra quelli obbligatori + un numero monografico di rivista oppure un estratto/capitolo di un libro a scelta tra quelli facoltativi) e la discussione finale di un sintetico report progettuale (in formato A3) sull'ambito urbano/extraurbano oggetto dell'indagine conoscitiva e interpretativa.
Per gli studenti non frequentanti, la valutazione verrà svolta attraverso una verifica scritta oppure un colloquio orale (a scelta dello studente) su due testi scelti dalla bibliografia e la presentazione di un sintetico report progettuale su un contesto di indagine concordato ex ante con il docente.
All’inizio del semestre verrà attivato un sito web del corso ( http://www.urbecom.polimi.it/attivita/didattica ), fornita agli studenti un'articolata bibliografia (in lingua italiana e inglese) e un calendario dettagliato delle lezioni e delle esercitazioni in aula.

Tamini L, Zanderighi L., Dismissioni commerciali e resilienza. Nuove politiche di rigenerazione urbana, Editore: EGEA, Anno edizione: 2017, ISBN: 9788823815384 http://opac.biblio.polimi.it/SebinaOpac/resource/dismissioni-commerciali-e-resilienza-nuove-politiche-di-rigenerazione-urbana/PMI1245786
Tamini L., Re-activation of Vacant Retail Spaces. Strategies, Policies and Guidelines, Editore: Springer, Anno edizione: 2018, ISBN: 9783319708713 https://opac.biblio.polimi.it/SebinaOpac/resource/reactivation-of-vacant-retail-spaces-strategies-policies-and-guidelines/PMI01240892
Balducci A. (a cura di), La città invisibile. Quello che non vediamo sta cambiando le metropoli, Editore: Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, Anno edizione: 2023, ISBN: 9788807990939 https://opac.biblio.polimi.it/SebinaOpac/resource/la-citta-invisibile-quello-che-non-vediamo-sta-cambiando-le-metropoli/PMI01293393
Carreras C., Tradition and modernity. Competition among retail locations in contemporary Barcelona, Editore: BELGEO, Anno edizione: 2006, Fascicolo: 1-2 https://belgeo.revues.org/10875
Note: University of Barcelona
Cavoto G., Demalling. Una risposta alla dismissione commerciale. A Response to the demise of retail buildings, Editore: Maggioli, Anno edizione: 2014, ISBN: 9788891604101 http://opac.biblio.polimi.it/SebinaOpac/resource/demalling-una-risposta-alla-dismissione-commerciale-a-response-to-the-demise-of-retail-buildings/PMI1201260
Ciudades - Generadores de nueva urbanidad: los espacios comerciales (esp/ita/eng), Anno edizione: 2007, ISSN: 1133-6579, Fascicolo: 10 http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/ejemplar?codigo=196684
Note: Revista del Instituto Universitario de Urbanistica de la Universidad de Valladolid, Numero dedicado
Cocco F., Scaglione M., Barcelona Superilla, Editore: LISTLAB, Ajuntament de Barcelona, Anno edizione: 2024, ISBN: 9788832080858 https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/barcelonallibres/es/books/barcelona-superilla-9
Dunham-Jones E. and Williamson J., Retrofitting Suburbia: Urban Design Solutions for Redesigning Suburbs, Editore: Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, Anno edizione: 2009, ISBN: 9780470041239 http://opac.biblio.polimi.it/SebinaOpac/Opac?action=search&thNomeDocumento=PMI0499648T
Falsetti M., Tamini L. (a cura di), Logistica e paesaggi del commercio online, Trasporti&Cultura, Anno edizione: 2022, Fascicolo: 62/63 https://issuu.com/trasportiecultura/docs/t_c.62-63_file_per_web_c
Note: Numero monografico di rivista scientifica
Franco E., Fregolent L., Tamini L., PNRR e servizi di prossimità, Editore: Maggioli, Anno edizione: 2022, ISBN: 9788891656117 https://www.maggiolieditore.it/pnrr-e-servizi-di-prossimita.html
Franco E., Tamini L., Zanderighi L. (a cura di), Commercio e Distretti: un patto per lo sviluppo, Editore: Maggioli, Rimini, Anno edizione: 2020, ISBN: 9788891643179 https://opac.biblio.polimi.it/SebinaOpac/resource/commercio-e-distretti-un-patto-per-lo-sviluppo/PMI1269894
Kärrholm M., Retailising space. Architecture, retail and the territorialisation of public space, Editore: Ashgate, Anno edizione: 2012, ISBN: 9781409430988 http://opac.biblio.polimi.it/SebinaOpac/Opac?action=search&thNomeDocumento=PMI1009290T
Note: Malmö University, Sweden and Lund University, Sweden
Koolhaas R., Leong S.T., Inaba J., Chung C.J., Harvard design school guide to shopping, Editore: Taschen Koln, Anno edizione: 2001, ISBN: 9783822860472 http://opac.biblio.polimi.it/SebinaOpac/.do?idDoc=0094354&tabDoc=tabloca#2
Note: Harvard Design School Project on the City 2
Lyster C, Learning from Logistics. How Networks Change Our Cities, Editore: Birkhäuser, Basel, Anno edizione: 2016, ISBN: 9783038214700 https://cluaa.com/Learning-From-Logistics
Maffei S., Villari B., Tamini L., Parini B., Social Food Club. Service e Food Design come abilitatori di nuovi modelli di sviluppo, innovazione e coesione sociale, Editore: Macro Editore, Anno edizione: 2016, ISBN: 9788894132106 https://re.public.polimi.it/retrieve/e0c31c0a-34ea-4599-e053-1705fe0aef77/SFC_04.09.16.pdf
Morgante, F.C., Dell'Ovo, M., Tamini, L., Oppio, A., "Assessing the Potential of a Disused Shopping Village by Comparing Adaptive Reuse Scenarios" in Gervasi, O., Murgante, B., Misra, S., Rocha, A.M.A.C., Garau, C. (eds) Computational Science and Its Applications - ICCSA 2022 Workshops. ICCSA 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Editore: Springer, Anno edizione: 2022, ISBN: 978-3-031-10541-8 https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-10542-5_14
Petrillo A., Tamini L. (a cura di), Centri commerciali. Le nuove piazze, Trasporti&Cultura, Anno edizione: 2018, ISSN: 2280-3998, Fascicolo: 51 https://issuu.com/trasportiecultura/docs/t_c.51_file_web_-_compresso1
Note: Numero monografico di rivista scientifica
Scodeller D., Negozi. L'architetto nello spazio della merce, Editore: Electa, Anno edizione: 2007, ISBN: 9788837053727 https://opac.biblio.polimi.it/SebinaOpac/resource/negozi-larchitetto-nello-spazio-della-merce/PMI0048081
Tamini L., Municipal Market Halls: new social and spatial variations of proximity, Anno edizione: 2015 https://re.public.polimi.it/retrieve/handle/11311/985608/111222/7_Municipal-Market-Halls_Padua_VII-AISU-Congress2015.pdf
Note: Conference Paper, VII AISU Congress "FOOD AND THE CITY", Padua, September 2015
Tamini L., Aree di servizio autostradale: nuovi formati e scenari evolutivi, Trasporti&Cultura, Anno edizione: 2020, ISSN: 2280-3998, Fascicolo: 58 https://issuu.com/trasportiecultura/docs/t_c.58.architetture_autostrade_compressed
Tamini L., "Rigenerazione urbana e trasformazioni delle attività economiche" in Milano Produttiva 2021, Rapporto annuale sull'economia dei territori di Milano, Monza Brianza e Lodi,, Editore: Camera di commercio di Milano Monza Brianza Lodi, Milano., Anno edizione: 2021 https://ester.milomb.camcom.it/sites/default/files/rapporto-mp/2021/07-capitolo-6.pdf
Tamini L., "About the Distribution of Daily Services and Commercial Opportunities" in Pucci P., Vecchio G., Questioning Proximity - Opportunities and Challenges for Urban Planning and Mobility Policies,, Editore: Springer, Anno edizione: 2024, ISBN: 9783031660702 https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-66071-9
Tamini L. (a cura di) Economia delle piattaforme e territorio, Trasporti&Cultura, 70/2025 https://www.trasportiecultura.net/public/La_Rivista/articoli/Rivista70/Sfoglia_Rivista70/t&c_rivista70.htm#page/1
Note: Numero monografico di rivista scientifica
Tamini L., L'evoluzione urbanistica dei luoghi del commercio: dal governo dei grandi insediamenti alla tutela dell'economia di prossimità" in Facchinelli L., Trasporti & Cultura. Una rivista, 25 anni di ricerche, Editore: Maggioli, Rimini, Anno edizione: 2026, ISBN: 9788891680075 https://www.maggiolieditore.it/trasporti-cultura.html?srsltid=AfmBOoqJQ6maUT0cKMgoiGKTLu4nIojPaV1HprbaOCoTcrbenWiiXFJO
Urbani P., Lo stato dell'urbanistica. Viaggio nella disciplina e nella società, Editore: Giappichelli Editore, Anno edizione: 2024, ISBN: 9791221108972 https://www.giappichelli.it/lo-stato-dell-urbanistica-9791221108972?srsltid=AfmBOooO9jjQ_7AHcYtyJFT4fAO-4GKL6eQS3N-sLVyKlRiTGnVJJTl7
Venturi R., Scott Brawn D., Izenour S., Learning from Las Vegas: the forgotten symbolism of architectural form, Editore: Cambridge, Mass., London, MIT Press, Anno edizione: 1977, ISBN: 026272006X http://opac.biblio.polimi.it/SebinaOpac/resource/learning-from-las-vegas-the-forgotten-symbolism-of-architectural-form/PMI0226635
Note: (trad. it. Imparare da Las Vegas: il simbolismo dimenticato della forma architettonica, Macerata, Quodlibet, 2010: http://opac.biblio.polimi.it/SebinaOpac/resource/imparare-da-las-vegas-il-simbolismo-dimenticato-della-forma-architettonica/PMI1242322)
Wall A., Victor Gruen. From Urban Shop to New City, Editore: Actar, Barcelona, Institute for the Design of City and Landscape, Faculty of Architecture, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Anno edizione: 2005, ISBN: 8495951878 http://opac.biblio.polimi.it/SebinaOpac/resource/victor-gruen-from-urban-shop-to-new-city/PMI0180801

Redazione e discussione della tesi di laurea.

Questo insegnamento contribuisce al raggiungimento dei seguenti Obiettivi di Sviluppo Sostenibile dell'Agenda ONU 2030:
SDG3 - GOOD HEALTH AND WELLBEING
SDG8 - DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
SDG9 - INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE

The course addresses three complementary questions:
Which are the determinants of economic growth in different types of regions?
What economic interventions are useful for regional development?
Which tools exist for the economic analysis of the territory?
The aim is therefore to present the main economic arguments that explain the way in which economic activities are developed in space. To achieve such an aim, the course presents the main location theories and the theories of regional growth and local development followed by the main justifications for policy intervention and the main tools available to the policymakers.
The course is organized around three parts:
Part 1: Regional Economics
In this part of the course, the main aim is to explain the location choices of firms and individuals, from an economic perspective and the main regional growth and local development theories.
To this aim, the course deals with:
Conceptual and statistical definitions of regions.
Location theories
Growth and industrial specialization.
Demand side theories of regional growth.
Supply side theories of regional growth.
Local development theories.
Innovation and regional development.
Part 2: Regional policy
In this part of the course, the main aim is to explain why relying with spontaneous forces does not always lead to satisfactory situations and what can be done to improve the development of regions.
To this aim, the course deals with:
The basics of regional policy: trade-offs and classifications.
The rationale for regional policy.
Regional policy objectives.
The main instrument of regional policy.
Regional policy evaluation.
Part 3: Economic indicators of structure and performance of local areas
In the course, the aim is also to present to students the main economic tools to analyse a local economy. Practical lectures and computer-assisted exercises will allow students to learn how to build indicators of this kind. In particular, the following indicators will be presented:
Indicators of industrial specialization.
Indicators of economic performance.
Indicators of comparative advantage.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, senza prove in itinere
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i facoltativo (a scelta dello studente), di gruppo, senza revisioni periodiche, senza presentazione/discussione finale
The exam is organized in two parts: a written exam and a practical work on the application of the indicators to a specific area. Students attending the lectures will be allowed to sit a mid-term partial exam.

Roberta Capello, Regional economics, Editore: Routledge, Anno edizione: 2015, ISBN: 9781138855885
Note: I capitoli che sono parte del programma verranno indicati dal docente a lezione e poi indicati su Webeep
Ugo Fratesi, Regional Policy: Theory and Practice, Editore: Routledge, Anno edizione: 2024, ISBN: 9780815364085
Note: I capitoli che sono parte del programma verranno indicati dal docente a lezione e poi indicati su Webeep

The educational activities in the Digital Cities and Urban Planning class aim at introducing students to basic understanding of urban innovation and the use of new technologies not only in narrow technical terms, but also in terms of their impacts onto urban policy and social organization at large. Deepening the topic of how complex partnerships and interest groups conceive, develop and deal with digital innovation in a globalized environment implies the investigation of the inter-urban mobility and local adaptations of “successful” policies or “”best practices”.

Students are expcted to develop/improve

• awareness of the multiple dimensions and complexities of contemporary urban development;
• critical understanding of the technological and social components of urban development;
• awareness of challenges, perspectives and approaches in digital and othertechnologies in planning;
• awareness of the specific role of digital technologies and innovation in contemporary planning;
• managing literature and diverse sources of information;
• developing and articulating analysis, interpretation and more general reflections regarding contemporary urban development, with specific reference to local and international scales.

Aims and contents
The Smart Cities and Urban Innovation class will provide a theoretical frame of reference for digital technologies, urban innovation, and its socio-political implications drawing on planning, urban studies, and geography literature.
In order to foster an in-depth and critical understanding of urban innovation and multiple planning responses, the class will, on the one hand, present to and involve students in investigating a set of policies and initiatives such as the smart city, sustainable city, culture-led regeneration, and branded urban projects. On the other hand, the class will develop hands-on activities and exercises referred to spatial planning for urban smartness and community-driven innovation in the digital age. The program will consider several case studies in European, North American, and Asian cities, analyze most recent European and national strategies with reference to the Digital Agenda, AI tools and other policies. The program will involve international guest speakers in a seminar series on key subjects and will provide students with innovative video-based learning tools. Ad hoc sessions will use flipped classroom methods, spark in-class debates and push students – individually and in small teams – to deepen controversial issues, such as: smartness beyond technological infrastructures; digital citizenship and identity; the use of AI in urban planning; the transnational circulation or urban projects, and their local impact. Specific "learn to learn" sessions will be dedicated to similar emerging issues.
The course is structured on two distinct yet strictly intertwined modules: “Urban Innovation and Planning” module under the responsibility of Professor Ponzini and the “Smart Cities” module under the responsibility of Professor Concilio.
The mix of theoretical and practical issues discussed and handled by this course will require strong students’ involvement both individually (e.g. readings and short essays) and in small teams.
Urban Innovation and Planning (Professor Davide Ponzini)
In the last decades, cities have been growing with unprecedented interconnectedness. Architects, planners, policy makers, technology providers and developers are ever more linked one to another, thanks to hypermobility and new communication technologies. Similar policy solutions and even development schemes today circulate among different cities on the basis of catchwords (e.g. smart city, eco-city), formats (e.g. Expo, Olympic Games, World Cup and others) or of a “best-practice” rationale (e.g. Bilbao’s regeneration, Vancouver’s sustainability, Dubai’s competitiveness). Local decision-makers often assume that these sorts of urban innovations are problem-free and always positive for cities and their growth.
However, the underestimated problems of the “landing” of such innovations have recently been investigated and critically analyzed. Scholars in different fields (such as urban planning, architecture, political science and urban studies) have shown the economic interests behind transnational networks of firms and experts, traveling policy solutions and technologies, and globally circulating urban policies and architectural projects.
In particular, the module “Urban Innovation and Planning” held by Professor Ponzini critically considers the global mobility dynamics of such planning innovations, their implications and actual effects at the urban level, which are sometimes problematic.
The lectures will cover different kinds of innovations (from the smart city to mega-events, from digital design technologies to “green” architectural projects). They aim to involve students and sparking debate about ostensibly neutral planning, design, and technological solutions for contemporary cities.
Smart Cities (Professor Grazia Concilio)
Many cities have re-imagined themselves in terms of smartness and developed relevant urban agendas often driven by a number of funding opportunities made available by national and international programs in the past decades. Even when they have been developed within strategic visions, these agendas have often been the result of a selection of ICT solutions offered and made available by the ICT market and/or identified by emulating and copying other cities. Within these dynamics, some issues emerge as relevant: is ICT infrastructure the (only) key towards smart innovation? Are heavy ICT infrastructures and solutions able to meet people’s needs in urban environments? Are heavy ICT based innovation strategies able to achieve any form of urban intelligence?
Also following the most recent crises, climate change, Covid19 pandemic, large scale migrations, different perspectives of urban smartness are being consolidated, more focused on citizens’ needs (experienced in the urban daily life) and roles (they play in city making) as well as targeting the need for long lasting changes and transition towards more sustainable urban systems. This emerging perspective considers citizens and urban governments as engines of an urban intelligence which is enabled, facilitated, empowered by technologies. Investing on its human and institutional capital, such a city is able to experiment, is able to activate and take care of relevant learning processes situated in the urban environment and guaranteed by a continuous exchange of resources between the cyber and the urban space. How do cities learn? How can cities foster and guarantee learning process towards transition?
The “Smart Cities” module will cover the broader issues of “urban smartness” and drive the students through the questions and issues presented above. It will explore recent concepts of urban smartness, and open up critical discussions around them by organizing the contents around 4 thematic axes: 1) smartness and transition; 2) the transitional power of data; 3) service management; 4) the smart democracy of collaborative city making.

Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i facoltativo (a scelta dello studente), di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
The Smart Cities and Urban Innovation course introduces students to the issues related to new digital technologies and the management of innovation in the contemporary urban realm. These issues will be strengthened through in-depth work (the development of two reports) regarding specific urban innovation policies and given techniques involved in smart urban growth and community planning. In this sense, students will be required to work both in teams and individually. They will be evaluated on the basis of the active participation to lectures and seminars held by the professors and invited speakers, works to be developed in class and at home, and relevant desk research/fieldwork for the development of the two reports.
The course is composed of two modules: Urban Innovation and Planning (4 credits) and Smart Cities (4 credits). The overall evaluation will jointly consider:
Classworks and active class participation
Mid-term presentation (optional)
Final essay (Urban Innovation and Planning module)
Final essay (Smart Cities module)
Final presentation and discussion during the exam session
In this sense the evaluation will include: knowledge and understanding, applying knowledge and understanding, making judgments, communication skills, learning skills.

D. Ponzini, Transnational Architecture and Urbanism: Rethinking How Cities Plan, Transform, and Learn, Editore: Routledge, Anno edizione: 2020, ISBN: 9780415787925
Davide Ponzini, Michele Nastasi, Starchitecture. Scenes, Actors and Spectacles in Contemporary Cities, Editore: Monacelli Press, Anno edizione: 2016, ISBN: 9781580934688
Concilio G., Rizzo F. (eds.), Human Smart Cities. Rethinking the Interplay between Planning and Design, Editore: Springer, Anno edizione: 2016
Concilio G., Tosoni I. (Eds.), Innovation Capacity and the City, the Enabling Role of Design, Editore: Springer, Anno edizione: 2019, ISBN: 9783030001223 https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783030001223

Obiettivo generale 1: fornire ai neolaureati la preparazione necessaria per superare positivamente colloqui di assunzione presso:
aziende di trasporto (aziende di trasporto pubblico locale, aziende ferroviarie e automobilistiche, …),
studi professionali,
imprese di costruzione, fornitori di impianti di trasporto e di servizi,
istituzioni pubbliche (Regioni, Province, Comuni, Agenzie della mobilità,...),
istituti di ricerca,
nonché per l'ammissione a corsi di Dottorato e Master di secondo livello (il Master annuale in Ingegneria delle Infrastrutture e dei Sistemi Ferroviari di Roma garantisce l'assunzione presso il gruppo Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane).
Obiettivo generale 2: offrire ai neolaureati l'opportunità di giovarsi di situazioni contingenti favorevoli, per esempio la continua e rilevante richiesta di ingegneri da parte di aziende di trasporto e mobilità di persone e merci. I numerosi e importanti investimenti programmati dal Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza offrono già finora e offriranno nei prossimi anni moltissime opportunità di impiego e di sviluppo professionale.
Obiettivo generale 3: perfezionare la competenza e la professionalità dei neolaureati nel settore "orizzontale" dell'Ingegneria di Sistema, fortemente richieste in ambito lavorativo e necessarie per affrontare la vasta e variegata problematica dell' Ingegneria delle Infrastrutture, della Mobilità e dei Trasporti.
Obiettivo specifico 1: fornire agli studenti l'attitudine alla progettazione di servizi di trasporto e mobilità di viaggiatori e di merci in ambito metropolitano, regionale, nazionale e internazionale, alla gestione delle attività tipiche dei responsabili della pianificazione dei trasporti e delle infrastrutture, della gestione dei veicoli e della circolazione, nonché alla programmazione del servizio e delle analisi finanziarie ed economiche.
Obiettivo specifico 2: integrare la trasversalità dell’approccio all’ Ingegneria dei Sistemi di Mobilità e di Trasporto e la capacità di analizzare in modo interdisciplinare i problemi concreti che l’ingegnere incontrerà nel suo percorso professionale.
Obiettivo specifico 3: migliorare la capacità di lavorare in gruppo e di comunicare verbalmente e testualmente i metodi e i ri-sultati del proprio lavoro.
Obiettivo specifico 4: acquisire le competenze utili per superare l'esame di Esercizio Ferroviario nel primo semestre del secondo anno della

Lo studente che ha superato l’esame conosce i seguenti elementi:
elementi generali: componenti ed elementi di un sistema di trasporto, competenze e attività dell’ Ingegneria dei Sistemi e dei Servizi di Mobilità;
meccanica della locomozione terrestre: caratteristiche generali dei veicoli e dei loro componenti, formulazione dell’equazione del moto, analisi della caratteristica meccanica, aderenza, costruzione del diagramma di trazione, definizione delle velocità di esercizio e delle fasi del moto;
sistemi di trasporto pubblico locale, conoscenza approfondita di: caratteristiche ed evoluzione tecnologica delle infrastrutture, dei sistemi e dei servizi di TPL; funzionamento e prestazioni dei sistemi a guida libera, vincolata e mista; emissioni inquinanti da traffico, carburanti alternativi, veicoli elettrici innovativi e a guida autonoma; servizi programmati, autoprodotti e non programmati; configurazione delle reti, stazioni e terminali di interscambio;
pianificazione delle Infrastrutture e dei sistemi di trasporto: struttura, contenuti e impostazione di un piano, soggetti coinvolti; simulazione delle reti di trasporto, modellizzazione dell’offerta e della domanda; analisi della domanda: metodi e concetti di stima, modellizzazione e aggiornamento, rilevamento aggregato e disaggregato; svolgimento di indagini origine-destinazione; analisi della domanda a 4 fasi, stima della domanda potenziale, ripartizione modale; assegnazione del traffico a una rete; calibrazione dei modelli, svolgimento di indagini per la calibrazione;
economia dei trasporti: processi produttivi, analisi dei costi, curva di domanda, funzione di costo, mercati, elasticità della domanda e dell’offerta, equilibrio delle reti, esternalità, efficienza ed equità, valutazione finanziaria ed economica degli investimenti;
economia aziendale: concetti di azienda e impresa, fattori produttivi, bilancio dell'azienda, produttività, efficacia, efficienza, analisi di variabilità dei costi, tariffazione;
meccanica del veicolo stradale: caratteristiche generali e prestazioni, componenti di sicurezza, comportamento dello pneumatico rispetto all'infrastruttura stradale, sicurezza e stabilità della marcia del veicolo, deriva e suoi effetti, effetto delle sospensioni, ribaltamento e sbandamento;
trazione termica: caratteristiche e componenti di un motore, cicli termodinamici, potenza, coppia, rendimento, caratteristica meccanica; apparati di trasmissione;
sicurezza delle gallerie: concetti e metodi di analisi e prevenzione del rischio, incidentalità, caratteristiche delle gallerie, sistemi antincendio, infrastrutture e impianti di sicurezza.
Lo studente acquisisce le competenze di base per lo svolgimento, tra le altre possibili, delle seguenti attività:
veicoli: valutazione delle prestazioni dei veicoli, analisi del moto, esecuzione di valutazioni tecnico-funzionali; stesura delle specifiche e dei capitolati per la fornitura di veicoli; valutazione della sicurezza di marcia sulle infrastrutture;
servizi di trasporto collettivo: stesura di analisi di fattibilità e di progetti preliminari, scelta di un sistema di trasporto e della sua infrastruttura, analisi delle prestazioni, progettazione del servizio, produzione del servizio di mobilità, scelta del sistema di trazione;
pianificazione e simulazione di infrastrutture, reti e servizi di trasporto: progettazione ed esecuzione di un processo di analisi della domanda, impostazione e redazione dei piani del traffico, della mobilità e della viabilità, simulazione delle reti di trasporto, analisi delle criticità, valutazione di efficacia degli scenari progettuali;
economia: costruzione della curva di domanda, analisi di sensibilità, analisi dell’equilibrio di una rete, formulazione e analisi del bilancio di un’azienda, definizione di un piano tariffario, valutazione finanziaria ed economica dei progetti.
Lo studente apprende le modalità di impostazione e di uso di un programma di simulazione delle reti di trasporto molto diffuso in ambito lavorativo, aumentando in tal modo la possibilità di assunzione presso studi professionali e istituzioni.
Lo studente consegue la capacità di conoscere gli elementi fondamentali di un sistema e una infrastruttura di trasporto, comprendere la sua problematica tipica, apprendere i metodi necessari per la progettazione e la gestione del sistema e applicare le sue capacità progettuali e gestionali alle varie situazioni che incontrerà nel suo percorso professionale.
Lo studente consegue l’autonomia di giudizio necessaria per:
progettare e redigere un piano dei trasporti e della mobilità, svolgere indagini, condurre un processo di simulazione, pianificare interventi sulle infrastrutture e sui servizi;
valutare l’entità e le caratteristiche dei problemi tipici dell’esercizio di un sistema e di una infrastruttura di trasporto;
individuare il metodo più adeguato per risolverli;
lavorare in gruppo e confrontarsi con gli altri soggetti con i quali deve interagire;
comunicare verbalmente e testualmente.

Premessa
L'insegnamento è svolto contestualmente per i seguenti corsi di Laurea Magistrale:
Tecnica ed Economia dei Trasporti: Ingegneria Civile, PSPA Infrastrutture di Trasporto, 1° anno, 10 CFU; Urban Planning and Policy Design, 2° anno, 10 CFU, Mobility Engineering, 1° anno, 10 CFU;
Economia dei Trasporti: Ingegneria per l’Ambiente e Territorio, Vari PSPA, 2° anno, 8 CFU.
Argomenti dell'insegnamento di Tecnica ed Economia dei Trasporti - 10 CFU
1 - Introduzione
Generalità, definizioni
Ingegneria dei trasporti: competenze e attività
Evoluzione tecnologica dei trasporti
Componenti ed elementi di un sistema di mobilità
Funzioni e requisiti
Classificazione
Indicatori e unità di misura
Elementi descrittivi dei sistemi di trasporto: generalità, varie modalità di trasporto, incidentalità, inquinamento, consumi energetici
2 - Sistemi di trasporto pubblico locale (TPL)
Generalità: caratteristiche, evoluzione, classificazione dei sistemi, classificazione dei servizi
Sistemi a guida libera: autolinee, filovie, emissioni inquinanti, carburanti alternativi a quelli fossili, veicoli innovativi elettrici e a guida autonoma, effetti sulla sostenibilità energetica e ambientale, impiego delle risorse fossili e rinnovabili
Sistemi a guida vincolata: tramvie, metropolitane, metropolitane leggere
Sistemi a guida mista: caratteristiche generali, ruolo funzionale, vantaggi, limiti, tendenze evolutive
Sistemi a fune
Infrastruttura: tramvie, infrastruttura, armamento, impianti, controllo della circolazione; metropolitane: infrastruttura, controllo della circolazione, automazione integrale, ATP ATO ATS ATC
Servizi di mobilità programmati: prestazioni, indicatori e loro relazioni
Configurazione delle reti, infrastrutture, stazioni e terminali di interscambio, servizi a orario cadenzato
Servizi autoprodotti e non programmati: car pooling, car sharing, dial a raid
Servizi complementari: informazione all'utenza
3 - Pianificazione e simulazione dei sistemi di trasporto
Pianificazione delle infrastrutture e dei sistemi di trasporto e di mobilità: concetti generali, livello temporale, livello spaziale, redazione di un piano per fasi
Simulazione delle reti di trasporto: impostazione del processo, interazioni tra i componenti di un sistema di trasporto
Offerta: componenti dell’offerta, flusso di percorso e flusso di arco, teoria dei grafi, componenti funzionali di una rete, costi di trasporto, funzioni di costo
Domanda: caratteristiche e componenti, matrici Origine/Destinazione
Analisi della domanda: metodi di analisi: concetti di stima, modellizzazione e aggiornamento; rilevamento aggregato e disaggregato
Osservazione o stima diretta della domanda: aggregazione dei dati, tecniche di rilevamento, tipologia statistica, modalità di indagine. indagini RP, progettazione statistica. campionamento casuale semplice, numerosità del campione
Modellizzazione della domanda: approcci descrittivo e comportamentale, formulazione generale del modello di domanda, formulazione a 4 fasi
Teoria dell’utilità probabilistica: ipotesi e definizioni, formulazione dell’utilità casuale, utilità sistematica, attributi, residui aleatori, concetti di varianza e covarianza, probabilità di scelta, ipotesi e proprietà della variabile di Gumbel, funzione logsum, Logit multinomiale e binomiale, espressione della probabilità di scelta, effetti della varianza, problema dell’indipendenza dalle alternative irrilevanti, Logit gerarchico: struttura della probabilità, proprietà, matrice di dispersione, Probit: concetto generale e cenni
Modellizzazione a 4 fasi: zonizzazione, criteri di dimensionamento delle zone, generazione: elementi determinanti, variabili esplicative, formulazione descrittiva, formulazione comportamentale, attributi, ruolo della variabile inclusiva logsum; distribuzione: elementi determinanti, variabili esplicative, formulazione gravitazionale, formulazione comportamentale, attributi, ruolo della variabile inclusiva logsum; ripartizione modale: elementi determinanti, variabili esplicative, formulazione descrittiva, formulazione comportamentale, attributi, ruolo della variabile inclusiva logsum; scelta del percorso: elementi determinanti, variabili esplicative, modalità di scelta, specificazione del modello, utilità delle alternative, concetto di scelta deterministica e stocastica, problema della sovrapposizione dei percorsi, formulazione C-loigit; assegnazione: concetti di flussi di domanda, flussi di percorso, flussi di arco, classificazione e campi di applicazione dei modelli di assegnazione, assegnazione a reti non congestionate e a reti congestionate, condizioni di esistenza e unicità della soluzione, separabilità dei costi su reti urbane ed extraurbane
Calibrazione dei modelli: calibrazione dei modelli descrittivi, calibrazione dei modelli comportamentali, massima verosimiglianza, condizioni di esistenza ed unicità, relazione tra matrice hessiana e matrice di incidenza, indagini SP: considerazioni generali, esempio di questionario, progettazione, piano fattoriale, riduzione di un piano fattoriale, problema della collinearità
Aggiornamento di matrici: formulazione del problema, relazione tra flussi di traffico e flussi di domanda, molteplicità della soluzione, procedura della stima bayesiana
4 - Economia dei trasporti
Definizioni, processi produttivi, mercati
Variabili microeconomiche
Domanda di trasporto, curva di domanda, elasticità
Offerta di trasporto, funzione di costo, elasticità
Produzione del servizio: soggetti, obiettivi, ricavo, profitto; costi di produzione fissi, variabili, medi, marginali; ricerca della produzione efficiente; funzione di produzione, costi di produzione di lungo periodo, minimizzazione dei costi; attività dell’impresa, problematica della produzione; mercato concorrenziale; mercato monopolistico
Benessere, rendita, efficienza, equità
Equilibrio: definizioni, surplus, equilibrio con domanda rigida, dinamicità dell’equilibrio
Equilibrio delle reti di trasporto: equilibrio spontaneo e regolato; principi di Wardrop, costi esterni, pedaggi di efficienza, equità
Paradossi
Azienda e impresa, fattori, processo produttivo, utile
Bilancio dell'azienda: stato patrimoniale e conto economico
Ammortamento
Produttività, efficacia, efficienza, unità di movimento e di traffico, indicatori
Analisi di variabilità dei costi; costi variabili, costanti, costanti a intervalli, viscosi
Tariffazione; tariffe a valore e a costo
Tipologia tariffaria
Valutazione delle alternative progettuali
Analisi finanziaria ed economica
Analisi costi-benefici, analisi multicriteria
5 - Meccanica della locomozione terrestre
Veicolo: caratteristiche generali, componenti
Ruota stradale, ruota ferroviaria, accoppiamenti cinematici, equilibrio delle ruote
Leggi della dinamica, equazione del moto
Trasmissione: rapporto di trasmissione, potenza, rendimento, forza alle ruote
Aderenza: limite di aderenza, coefficienti di aderenza stradali e ferroviari, attrito
Forze dissipative, attrito, forze conservative, inerzia, massa equivalente
Caratteristica meccanica ideale e reale
Resistenze al moto: rotolamento, aerodinamica, accidentale, altimetrica
Diagramma di trazione, velocità, fasi del moto, bilancio energetico
6 - Meccanica del veicolo stradale
Classificazione, caratteristiche generali e prestazioni, componenti
Telaio, cassa, ruota, sospensioni, ammortizzatori
Sterzo, manovra di sterzatura
Pneumatico: componenti, contatto con l'infrastruttura, comportamento statico, effetti della pressione, cedimento, scorrimento, aderenza
Sicurezza del moto veicolare, azioni trasversali, deriva e suoi effetti, effetto inerziale in ingresso e in uscita dalle curve; effetto delle sospensioni
Ribaltamento e sbandamento (o slittamento trasversale); stabilità nei tratti di raccordo
7 - Trazione termica
Combustione interna ed esterna, classificazioni e definizioni
Componenti di un motore, cicli e fasi, angoli di anticipo e ritardo
Cicli termodinamici teorici e indicati Otto e Diesel
Potenza, coppia, rendimento, caratteristica meccanica
Frizione: coppia trasferibile e dimensionamento, giunto idraulico
Cambio: rapporti di trasmissione, trasmissione della potenza, elasticità, zone di funzionamento, definizione dei rapporti
Differenziale
8 - Analisi del rischio e sicurezza delle gallerie
Sistema galleria, situazione nazionale ed europea, incidentalità (cenni)
Rischio: componenti, pericolo, sicurezza, rischio trasporti, rischio in galleria
Problematica dell'incendio, vivibilità, comportamento umano
Normativa (cenni)
Analisi del rischio, bow tie diagram, flusso del pericolo
Eventi critici, misure di sicurezza, rappresentazione e accettabilità del rischio
Provvedimenti mitigativi, infrastruttura e impianti di sicurezza
Impianti di ventilazione, altri impianti
Piani di emergenza
Insegnamento di Economia dei Trasporti - 8 CFU
1 - Introduzione
Generalità, definizioni
Ingegneria dei trasporti: competenze e attività
Evoluzione tecnologica dei trasporti
Componenti ed elementi di un sistema di mobilità
Funzioni e requisiti
Classificazione
Indicatori e unità di misura
Elementi descrittivi dei sistemi di trasporto: generalità, varie modalità di trasporto, incidentalità, inquinamento, consumi energetici
2 - Sistemi di trasporto pubblico locale (TPL)
Generalità: caratteristiche, evoluzione, classificazione dei sistemi, classificazione dei servizi
Sistemi a guida libera: autolinee, filovie, emissioni inquinanti, carburanti alternativi
Sistemi a guida vincolata: tramvie, metropolitane, metropolitane leggere
Sistemi a guida mista: caratteristiche generali, ruolo funzionale, vantaggi, limiti, tendenze evolutive
Servizi programmati: prestazioni, indicatori e loro relazioni. Servizi non programmati: car pooling, car sharing, dial a raid
3 - Pianificazione e simulazione dei sistemi di trasporto
Pianificazione dei sistemi di trasporto: concetti generali, livello temporale, livello spaziale, redazione di un piano per fasi
Simulazione delle reti di trasporto: impostazione del processo, interazioni tra i componenti di un sistema di trasporto
Offerta: componenti dell’offerta, flusso di percorso e flusso di arco, teoria dei grafi, componenti funzionali di una rete, costi di trasporto, funzioni di costo
Domanda: caratteristiche e componenti, matrici OD
Analisi della domanda: metodi di analisi: concetti di stima, modellizzazione e aggiornamento; rilevamento aggregato e disaggregato
Osservazione o stima diretta della domanda: aggregazione dei dati, tecniche di rilevamento, tipologia statistica, modalità di indagine. indagini RP, progettazione statistica. campionamento casuale semplice, numerosità del campione
Modellizzazione della domanda: approcci descrittivo e comportamentale, formulazione generale del modello di domanda, formulazione a 4 fasi
Teoria dell’utilità probabilistica: ipotesi e definizioni, formulazione dell’utilità casuale, utilità sistematica, attributi, residui aleatori, concetti di varianza e covarianza, probabilità di scelta, ipotesi e proprietà della variabile di Gumbel, funzione logsum, Logit multinomiale e binomiale, espressione della probabilità di scelta, effetti della varianza, problema dell’indipendenza dalle alternative irrilevanti, Logit gerarchico: struttura della probabilità, proprietà, matrice di dispersione, Probit: concetto generale e cenni
Modellizzazione a 4 fasi: zonizzazione, criteri di dimensionamento delle zone, generazione: elementi determinanti, variabili esplicative, formulazione descrittiva, formulazione comportamentale, attributi, ruolo della variabile inclusiva logsum; distribuzione: elementi determinanti, variabili esplicative, formulazione gravitazionale, formulazione comportamentale, attributi, ruolo della variabile inclusiva logsum; ripartizione modale: elementi determinanti, variabili esplicative, formulazione descrittiva, formulazione comportamentale, attributi, ruolo della variabile inclusiva logsum; scelta del percorso: elementi determinanti, variabili esplicative, modalità di scelta, specificazione del modello, utilità delle alternative, concetto di scelta deterministica e stocastica, problema della sovrapposizione dei percorsi, formulazione C-loigit; assegnazione: concetti di flussi di domanda, flussi di percorso, flussi di arco, classificazione e campi di applicazione dei modelli di assegnazione, assegnazione a reti non congestionate e a reti congestionate, condizioni di esistenza e unicità della soluzione, separabilità dei costi su reti urbane ed extraurbane
Calibrazione dei modelli: calibrazione dei modelli descrittivi, calibrazione dei modelli comportamentali, massima verosimiglianza, condizioni di esistenza ed unicità, relazione tra matrice hessiana e matrice di incidenza, indagini SP: considerazioni generali, esempio di questionario, progettazione, piano fattoriale, riduzione di un piano fattoriale, problema della collinearità
Aggiornamento di matrici: formulazione del problema, relazione tra flussi di traffico e flussi di domanda, molteplicità della soluzione, procedura della stima bayesiana
4 - Economia dei trasporti
Definizioni, processi produttivi, mercati
Variabili microeconomiche
Domanda di trasporto, curva di domanda, elasticità
Offerta di trasporto, funzione di costo, elasticità
Produzione del servizio: soggetti, obiettivi, ricavo, profitto; costi di produzione fissi, variabili, medi, marginali; ricerca della produzione efficiente; mercato concorrenziale: mercato monopolistico
Equilibrio: definizioni, surplus, equilibrio con domanda rigida, dinamicità dell’equilibrio
Equilibrio delle reti di trasporto: equilibrio spontaneo e regolato; principi di Wardrop, esternalità, pedaggi di efficienza, equità
Paradossi
Bilancio dell'azienda: stato patrimoniale e conto economico. Ammortamento
5 - Meccanica della locomozione terrestre
Veicolo: caratteristiche generali, componenti
Equazione del moto
Trasmissione: rapporto di trasmissione, potenza, rendimento, forza alle ruote
Aderenza: limite di aderenza, coefficienti di aderenza stradali e ferroviari
Caratteristica meccanica ideale e reale, forze dissipative, attrito, forze conservative, inerzia, massa equivalente
Resistenze al moto: rotolamento, aerodinamica, accidentale, altimetrica
Diagramma di trazione, velocità, fasi del moto, bilancio energetico
Argomenti dell'insegnamento di Tecnica ed Economia dei Trasporti (10 CFU) non richiesti nell’insegnamento di Economia dei Trasporti (8 CFU)
2 - Sistemi di trasporto pubblico locale (TPL)
Sistemi a fune
Configurazione delle reti, stazioni e terminali di interscambio, servizi a orario cadenzato
Servizi autoprodotti e non programmati (facoltativo): car pooling, car sharing, dial a raid
Servizi complementari; informazione all'utenza
4 - Economia dei trasporti
Produttività, efficacia, efficienza, unità di movimento e di traffico, indicatori
Analisi di variabilità dei costi; costi variabili, costanti, costanti a intervalli, viscosi
Tariffazione: tariffe a valore e a costo. Tipologia tariffaria
6 - Meccanica del veicolo stradale
Tutto.
7 - Trazione termica
Tutto.
8 - Analisi del rischio e sicurezza delle gallerie
Tutto.
Progetto
Durante il periodo didattico gli studenti realizzano un progetto che riguarda la definizione e il dimensionamento di una infrastruttura e di un servizio di trasporto collettivo ed è così articolato: definizione di un sistema di mobilità adatto a un’area territoriale data, dimensionamento di massima del sistema e dell'infrastruttura e organizzazione del servizio.
Il progetto, il cui contenuto teorico viene illustrato nel corso delle lezioni, ha lo scopo di istruire gli allievi sugli aspetti pratici della Tecnica e dell'Economia dei Trasporti mettendoli di fronte a un caso realistico. Esso può essere svolto individualmente o in gruppo composto da tre/quattro persone.
Ogni studente/gruppo deve individuare in piena libertà una città, un’area urbana o suburbana, un territorio più o meno vasto caratterizzato da un certo numero di comuni con una corrispondente densità demografica. Successivamente ogni studente/gruppo deve procedere autonomamente per sviluppare il lavoro dopo averlo impostato e discusso con il docente, mettendo in gioco tutto quanto visto nelle lezioni teoriche, nelle esercitazioni illustrate in aula e nella cospicua documentazione disponibile nel sito Beep.
Per lo svolgimento del progetto si fa riferimento alle tracce svolte a lezione, alle esercitazioni, alle presentazioni proiettate in aula, alle schede e ai fogli di calcolo predisposti. Il docente è costantemente disponibile anche al di fuori dalle ore di lezione per fornire assistenza nella redazione dei progetti.
Il risultato atteso dalla prima parte è la definizione di un sistema di trasporto collettivo urbano o suburbano caratterizzato dai seguenti elementi: percorso della linea e localizzazione delle fermate, sistema di trasporto individuato in funzione delle valutazioni e delle analisi compiute sull’area considerata, nonché di un valore verosimile della domanda massima da servire, caratteristiche e dimensioni dei veicoli, capienza dei treni circolanti in linea, potenzialità del sistema.
Una volta individuato il sistema di trasporto se ne devono definire le caratteristiche tecniche e funzionali necessarie per il successivo dimensionamento e per l’organizzazione del servizio. In particolare, si quantificano la potenzialità in passeggeri/ora/direzione in relazione alla domanda da servire. Questo dato permetterà di definire il numero, le dimensioni e la capienza dei singoli veicoli nonché la composizione dei treni, la velocità media commerciale e di servizio e la frequenza del servizio offerto.
Tutte le valutazioni e le scelte devono essere giustificate dal punto di vista urbanistico, territoriale, trasportistico, tecnologico. Si lascia assoluta libertà di scelta, ma le valutazioni svolte devono essere tecnicamente ed economicamente sostenibili, in base ai dati disponibili o ipotizzati.
Il progetto è necessario per lo svolgimento dell’esame orale; la discussione della relativa relazione costituisce l’inizio del colloquio d’esame.
Il progetto partirà alla prima lezione del corso descrivendo il lavoro da svolgere e dedicando le ore successive al suo sviluppo. In aula si fornirà ai vari gruppi il supporto necessario per valutare il lavoro svolto e per fornire indicazioni e chiarimenti per il suo proseguimento.
Nel corso delle lezioni i gruppi illustreranno agli altri studenti lo stato di avanzamento del loro progetto per condividerne l’impostazione e il metodo seguito per il suo svolgimento.
Visite tecniche
Se le ore a disposizione lo permetteranno, si organizzeranno visite didattiche a infrastrutture e impianti di trasporto. Possibili impianti oggetto di visite didattiche:
sale operative che regolano la circolazione telecomandata di linee metropolitane,
depositi e officine di aziende di trasporto pubblico,
cantieri delle linee metropolitane in costruzione,
impianto funiviario (per esempio SkyWay del Monte Bianco),
impianti di sicurezza di una galleria stradale (per esempio traforo del Monte Bianco.
Seminari didattici
Compatibilmente con i tempi messi a disposizione dall'orario didattico, è previsto lo svolgimento di seminari tenuti da tecnici esterni, il cui apporto è finalizzato a integrare la didattica teorica trasferendo agli studenti la propria esperienza pluridecennale nella progettazione e nella gestione di sistemi ferroviari e del servizio che su di essi si svolge.
Tesi di laurea
Il docente è disponibile per l'assegnazione di tesi di laurea magistrale con controrelatore e senza controrelatore aventi come oggetto gli elementi trattati nell'insegnamento o, eventualmente, l'ulteriore sviluppo del progetto.
Tirocini curricolari e non curricolari
L'acquisizione delle tecniche e dei metodi dell'Ingegneria dei Sistemi di Trasporti può essere efficacemente integrata dallo svolgimento di tirocini presso aziende o altri operatori civili e industriali del settore. Il docente informerà periodicamente gli studenti in merito alla disponibilità di tirocini.
Se il docente ritiene che ne sussistano le condizioni, l'attività svolta nei tirocini può essere impiegata per lo sviluppo di tesi di laurea di primo e di secondo livello.
Si segnala che in molti casi il percorso esame+tirocinio+tesi si è concluso con l'assunzione o comunque con la formalizzazione di un contratto di lavoro, anche prima del conseguimento della laurea.
Documenti didattici
Per la preparazione dell’esame non è disponibile un testo commerciale unico ed esaustivo, tuttavia sono messe a disposizione gratuitamente, sul sito WeBeep, le dispense, che coprono il 90% circa degli argomenti del programma, e le presentazioni proiettate e discusse nelle lezioni. Come utile compendio, è disponile la registrazione delle lezioni svolte negli anni accademici precedenti; anche le lezioni di quest'anno accademico saranno registrate e pubblicate al termine del periodo didattico.
Si segnalano questi testi disponibili nelle librerie e nelle biblioteche del Politecnico: " Tecnica ed Economia dei Trasporti " (Ricci, 2011), " Trasporto Pubblico Locale " (Corona G., Festa D. et al., 2016), " Trasporti e città ", (Maternini G. et al., 2014), " Modelli per i sistemi di trasporto ", (Cascetta, 2006), "Urban Transit - Systems and Technology" (Vuchic), “Modelling Transport" (Ortuzar, Willumsen) e “Transportation Demand Analysis” (Kanafani).
I testi sono consigliati in quanto forniscono una buona preparazione di base degli argomenti che sono oggetto di approfondimento nell’insegnamento e come testi di riferimento in ambito professionale.
Alla fine del ciclo didattico si fornisce un documento contenente alcune Linee Guida orientative per la preparazione dell’esame corredate da un elenco molto dettagliato che indica, per ogni singolo punto del programma, le rispettive diapositive delle presentazioni e le pagine delle dispense.
Le presentazioni sono pubblicate sul sito WeBeep prima delle rispettive lezioni per agevolare la scrittura degli appunti.
Durante lo sviluppo delle lezioni i documenti didattici possono subire modifiche e integrazioni finalizzate a migliorare il contenuto dei vari argomenti del programma e soprattutto per rendere più efficace la preparazione dell'esame.
Sono inoltre messi a disposizione molti altri testi la cui lettura è facoltativa, ma vivamente consigliata per migliorare la conoscenza della materia e per supportare i testi forniti dal docente. I testi più rilevanti sono elencati nella bibliografia. L’elenco completo è fornito all’inizio delle lezioni.

Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
L'esame consiste in un colloquio oral e che inizia con la discussione del progetto e prosegue con domande relative agli argomenti trattati a lezione nonché nelle esercitazioni, nei seminari didattici e nelle visite tecniche.
Generalmente (ma non necessariamente) le domande riguardano due-tre argomenti fondamentali (che saranno indicati nelle Linee Guida per la preparazione dell’esame) ed eventuali argomenti complementari finalizzati all’incremento della votazione finale.
Durante la discussione del progetto lo studente deve dimostrare di conoscerne i contenuti, i metodi e i risultati.
Ulteriori elementi di valutazione sono costituiti dalla capacità di organizzare discorsivamente l’esposizione con efficacia e linearità, dalla capacità di ragionamento critico sullo studio compiuto, dalla correttezza nell’impiego del lessico specialistico e soprattutto nella capacità di collegamento trasversale con i contenuti dell’Ingegneria dei Sistemi di Mobilità e di Trasporto acquisiti durante il percorso della laurea magistrale.

Roberto Maja, Sistemi di trasporto, Anno edizione: 2024
Note: Dispensa didattica
Roberto Maja, Sistemi e servizi di trasporto pubblico locale, Anno edizione: 2008
Note: Dispensa didattica
Roberto Maja, Pianificazione, modellizzazione e simulazione dei sistemi di trasporto, Anno edizione: 2024
Note: Dispensa didattica
Roberto Maja, Economia dei Trasporti, Anno edizione: 2010
Note: Dispensa didattica
Roberto Maja, Economia aziendale, Anno edizione: 2010
Note: Dispensa didattica
Roberto Maja, Meccanica della locomozione, Anno edizione: 2023
Note: Dispensa didattica
Roberto Maja, Meccanica del veicolo stradale, Anno edizione: 2009
Note: Dispensa didattica
Fabio Borghetti, Roberto Maja, Sicurezza delle gallerie stradali, Anno edizione: 2016
Note: Dispensa didattica
Stefano Ricci, Tecnica ed Economia dei Trasporti, Editore: Hoepli, Milano, Anno edizione: 2011
Note: Testo commerciale
Vucan Vuchic, Urban Transit - Systems and Technology, Editore: John Wiley and Sons, Anno edizione: 2005
Note: Testo commerciale
Vucan Vuchic, Urban Transit - Operation, Planning and Economics, Editore: John Wiley and Sons, Anno edizione: 2005
Note: Testo commerciale
Ennio Cascetta, Transportation system analysis, Anno edizione: 2009
Note: Testo in formato pdf, disponibile nella documentazione didattica
Ortuzar J.d.D., Willumsen L.G., Modelling Transport, Editore: Wiley, 4th Edition, Anno edizione: 2015
Note: Testo commerciale
Abdul Kanafani, Transportation Demand Analysis, Anno edizione: 1983
Note: Testo in formato pdf, disponibile nella documentazione didattica
Giovanni Corona, Carmine Festa, Sistemi di trasporto pubblico locale, Editore: Egaf, Forlì, Anno edizione: 2022
Note: Testo commerciale
Giulio Maternini, Trasporti e città, Editore: Egaf, Forlì, Anno edizione: 2014
Note: Testo commerciale
Stefano Ricci, Trasporti e ambiente, Editore: Egaf, Forlì, Anno edizione: 2022
Note: Testo commerciale
Bruno Dalla Chiara, Trasporti terrestri ed energia, Editore: Egaf, Forlì, Anno edizione: 2017
Note: Testo commerciale
Gabriele Malavasi, Sicurezza dei trasporti, Editore: Egaf, Forlì, Anno edizione: 2019
Note: Testo commerciale
Bruno Dalla Chiara, ITS nei trasporti stradali: tecnologie, metodi e applicazioni, Editore: Egaf, Forlì, Anno edizione: 2013
Note: Testo commerciale
Bruno Dalla Chiara, Impianti a fune per trasporto persone e materiali, Editore: Egaf, Forlì, Anno edizione: 2022
Note: Testo commerciale
Luigi La Franca, Giuseppe Salvo, Trasporto aereo, Editore: Egaf, Forlì, Anno edizione: 2018
Note: Testo commerciale

Obiettivi dell’insegnamento
By investigating issues related to the close relationship between urban planning and political geography, this course considers contemporary territories as laboratories for the study of policrisis, critically examining actors, conflicts, policies, and narratives at play in a variety of contexts.
The objectives are the following:
Discuss and evaluate current challenges and trends of urbanisation – at multiple scales – and their linkages with a variety of crises
Explore aspects of urban and territorial policy and their linkages with the emerging discourses concerning crisis framing and management.
Critically evaluate case studies to identify challenges, spatial representation, and policy approaches in contemporary territories.

Students are expected to improve their skills in the following ways:
To reach a specialised, updated knowledge in urban planning and political geography, based on the study of the proposed readings and collective discussion in class; to develop a critical, individual approach to the considered literature;
To develop a good capacity to apply theoretical contributions to specific, practical problems and issues related to polycrisis (definitions, policies, spatialities, etc.);
To develop the capacity to study a specific area/problem and make subjective judgments on the relevance/implications of the empirical results, selecting and critically evaluating different perspectives represented in a specific case study/approach.
To be able to present the research results through oral presentations in class and written reports; to demonstrate the capacity to publicly discuss their own work;
To be able to recognise what they have learned and how these new skills can be used in their scientific and professional career.

What makes a city or territory “urban”? Who decides where urban boundaries are drawn? What hidden socio-technical, ecological, financial and infrastructural systems keep cities and territories functioning, or expose them to breakdown, in times of polycrisis?
In a world increasingly marked by the climate crisis, the course aims to highlight the socio-political and spatial dimensions of crises and disasters by combining perspectives from urban planning and political geography, alongside contributions from other disciplines, including complexity theory, sociology, environmental history, and political ecology. The course considers crises as increasingly frequent processes that can be triggered by a variety of phenomena (e.g., meteorological, hydrogeological, and seismic events, technological accidents, industrial restructuring, etc.) of varying geographical extent and duration. By triggering new models of governance that alter institutional structures and ordinary decision-making procedures, while introducing new jurisdictions (perimeters such as “red zones”) to which they apply, crises have taken on an increasingly “territorial” dimension.
Due to the complexity of contemporary crises, which often intersect and overlap into polycrises, the course proposes considering them at multiple scales, with specific foci. Through lectures by the instructors, seminars with invited speakers, and case study research, the course proposes to consider territorial crises as opportunities of primary importance for both the deployment of “state projects” and the functioning of contemporary capitalism.
The political geography section of the course will pay particular attention to the production and representation of extended urbanisation, extractivism, and infrastructural violence. It explores how (contested) crises of climate, energy, mobility, and disasters intersect across different scales, from neighbourhoods and urban regions to global logistics corridors or gas pipelines. The urban planning classes will be mostly focused on the analysis of crisis governance and the ways in which state and other actors organise collective, integrated, short- and long-term responses to crises and disasters, as well as on the impact of the latter on contemporary welfare systems and insurance regimes.
Drawing on urban political ecology, postcolonial and decolonial thought, and critical urban studies, the course invites students to analyse how power, inequality and vulnerability are produced, governed and contested. It also asks how alternative mappings, practices, and imaginaries might challenge dominant representations of the urban and open spaces, fostering more just socio-ecological futures.

Prova scritta obbligatoria, con prove in itinere
Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
Attending students, organised in small groups, will be evaluated with a) short assignments (30% of the final mark) during the first part of the semester and b) a final assignment about a topic/case study to be defined with the teachers (70% of the final mark). This final assignment will be discussed and reviewed throughout the second part of the semester and presented in a closing seminar.
Non-attending students will be evaluated individually through an oral discussion of four bibliographical references (two books and two papers) from the bibliography.
Instructions for both attending and non-attending students will be provided on the first day of the class and on the WeBeep online platform.

Tooze, J.A., Shutdown: How COVID shook the world's economy., Editore: Penguin, London, Anno edizione: 2021
Tsing, Lowenhaupt A., Deger, J., Keleman Saxena, A., Zhou, F. (2024)., Field Guide to the Patchy Anthropocene. The New Nature,, Editore: Stanford University Press, Stanford, Anno edizione: 2024
Schmid C., Topalovic M., Extended Urbanisation: Tracing Planetary Struggles, Editore: De Gruyter, Berlin, Anno edizione: 2023
Perocco F., Pirina G. (eds.), Territorial inequalities in Italy. Causes, forms, consequences (original in Italian: Le disuguaglianze territoriali in Italia. Cause, forme, conseguenze),, Editore: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, Venice, Anno edizione: 2025
Jessop B., The State: Past, Present and Future, Editore: Polity, Cambridge., Anno edizione: 2016
Armondi, S., Pessina, G., Critical Spatial Thinking and Extreme Events. Tools for Multiple Disciplines,, Editore: Springer, Cham., Anno edizione: 2026
Alessandro Coppola; Valentina Gingardi; Cora Fontana, Envisaging L'Aquila. Strategies, spatialities and sociabilities of a recovering city, Editore: Professional Dreamers, Trento, Anno edizione: 2018

Attività di tirocinio.

This course explores landscape and architectural design as active tools for transforming post-industrial and degraded territories within ongoing ecological and energy transitions. Focusing on brownfields, contaminated sites, and abandoned agricultural or infrastructural areas, the course introduces a design-driven interpretation of landscape metabolism: the dynamic interaction of soil, water, biomass, energy, materials, and human use.
Through Italian and international case studies, students investigate how design can redirect disrupted metabolic flows toward sustainable and resilient spatial systems. Reforestation, bioremediation, renewable energy integration, and the circular use of resources are addressed not as technical add-ons but as core design components that shape space, form, and landscape identity.
The course is framed by the European Landscape Convention (2000), the EU Nature Restoration Regulation (2024), and the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. These frameworks are interpreted as conceptual and operational references that inform design decisions at multiple scales.

By the end of the course, students will develop design-oriented competencies, enabling them to:
Interpret degraded landscapes through spatial, ecological, and metabolic lenses.
Translate sustainability and resilience principles into coherent design strategies.
Integrate ecological restoration processes into landscape and architectural form.
Use policy frameworks as generative inputs for design concepts.
Propose design solutions incorporating agrovoltaics and other renewable energy systems.
Connect landscape interventions to relevant UN SDGs and indicators.
Communicate design ideas through diagrams, mappings, sections, and oral presentations.

Landscape Metabolism as a Design Framework
Metabolic flows as drivers of spatial form
Design narratives based on soil, water, energy, and biomass cycles
Sustainability and resilience as design criteria
Post-Industrial Landscapes and Design Strategies
Brownfields as spatial and ecological structures
Design responses to contamination, abandonment, and fragmentation
Case studies of site-based and regional transformations
Bioremediation and Design Integration
Phytoremediation and soil regeneration as spatial devices
Water management and vegetation systems
Design implications for public space and productive landscapes
Reforestation and Ecological Form
Forest structures, edges, and ecological connectivity
Reforestation as climate adaptation and spatial strategy
Design of multifunctional green systems
Energy Landscapes and Circular Design
Agrovoltaic systems as hybrid spatial models
Renewable energy infrastructures integrated into the landscape form
Circular use of materials, energy, and water in design strategies
Links to SDG indicators (7.2.1, 11.3.1, 12.2.1, 15.3.1)

Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i facoltativo (a scelta dello studente), individuale, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
The final assessment consists of a mandatory individual oral examination.
The oral examination assesses:
knowledge and critical understanding of the topics discussed during lectures, seminars, and flipped-classroom activities;
familiarity with the compulsory bibliography and additional readings presented during the course;
the ability to discuss and critically relate theoretical concepts, policy frameworks, and case studies addressed throughout the course;
the capacity to develop informed reflections on the relationships between landscape metabolism, sustainability, resilience, ecological restoration, and energy transition.
Students may voluntarily undertake an individual research project on a topic related to the themes explored during the course. The project may consist of a graphic investigation, a written essay, or a combination of visual and textual materials. Research topics will be defined in agreement with the instructor and developed through periodic reviews and discussions during the semester.
The research project is not a mandatory component of the assessment and does not constitute a separate percentage of the final grade. Rather, it is intended as an opportunity for students to deepen their understanding of specific topics, experiment with methods and tools, and develop a more advanced critical understanding of the course content. Students who undertake the project will present their work in a public seminar at the end of the course and may discuss it during the oral examination as evidence of their individual learning process and intellectual engagement with the subject.
The use of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) is permitted in the development of the research project, provided that it is employed in a conscious, transparent, and responsible manner. AI tools should support, rather than replace, the student's analytical capacity, critical judgment, and original contribution. Students may be required to explain and document how AI was used during the development of their work.

Council of Europe, European Landscape Convention., Anno edizione: 2000 www.coe.int/en/web/landscape
European Union, Regulation (EU) 2024/1991 on Nature Restoration (Nature Restoration Regulation), Anno edizione: 2024 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/nature-restoration.html
United Nations, Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Editore: New York: United Nations, Anno edizione: 2015
Note: UN Resolution A/RES/70/1
Steiner, Frederick R., The Living Landscape: An Ecological Approach to Landscape Planning, Editore: Washington, DC: Island Press, ISBN: 978-1597263962
Forman, Richard T. T., Urban Ecology: Science of Cities, Editore: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Anno edizione: 2014, ISBN: 978-0521188241

The aim of the course is to provide the students with the knowledge of tools and methods used to investigate and to model transport demand.

Knowledge and understanding. Mobility and transport planning are complex subjects, at the crossroad between planning, engineering and economics. We expect that the students become aware of such complexity and of the tools and procedures normally used in professional practice.
Applying knowledge and understanding. The course is not aiming to make students capable of setting and running a transport model, but to be able to read its results and use it as an input for planning.
Making judgements. Students are also expected to become able to read a planning document, and to point out its main features and methods, in order to become critical readers (and possibly also critical authors of plans).
Communication. Students must become able to write a (non-compiling) synthesis document, and to present it to the professor.
Lifelong learning skills. Students should become able to search for appropriate and updated sources.

The course will use the same methods used in transport planning to describe in deep the determinants of mobility. In the second part, thanks to three detailed case studies, students will have the opportunity to see real planning documents and understand the planning process.
The course is articulated in normal lectures and exercises, supported by two in depht case studies.
The modules are (1-3 days each):
1. Introduction to the course. Basics of microeconomics.
The first module will introduce, without formalisation, the main concepts of microeconomics useful for the remaining of the course: markets, competition and monopoly, natural monopoly, externalities.
2. Mobility: generation and distribution
The module will discuss which are the determinants of mobility. Why do people move? Which are the trip purposes? Modelling mobility as interaction between generators and attractors. The influence of land use.
The main toos for the description of mobility will be introduced: econometrics, OD matrix, gravitational models, accessibility measures, surveys.
3. Mobility: modal choice and routing
Which are the characteristics of transport modes and how travellers chose mode and route?
Methods for the study of modal and route choices will be described: generalised cost, stated preferences, discrete choice models, road capacity.
4. Planning, evaluation and decision
The module follows the process of planning, from the data collection, to the setting of alternatives and their evaluation and to the decision. Which are the main characteristics of sustainable mobility plans? How actions are (or should be) evaluated? How works the assessment techniques, in particular Cost Benefit Analysis? How decisions are formed?
5. Case study 1: 10 years of Cost Benefit Analysis in Milan.
From Milan's SUMP of 2016 to Feasibility Studies.
6. Case study 2: Rail planning (Bahn 2050 vs. Italy)
Rail planning at its best: Swiss Railway 2050. The territorial implementation. And in Italy?
6. Case study 3: Segrate M4, an integrated project.
The case study will analyse a real project for Milan metropolitan area: the initial situation (a new huge mall to be built in Segrate), the need for public connections, the analysis of alternatives, the model for the demand estimation, the assessment, results and comments.
7. Practical exercise: Excel and GIS
We will do a double practical lecture on the use of Excel and GIS for transport analysis and planning.

Prova orale obbligatoria
Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, individuale, senza revisioni periodiche, senza presentazione/discussione finale
The exam, with no difference between attending and non-attending students, consists in the elaboration of a dataset and the preparation of a document, to be delivered before the exam and to be discussed in an oral session. During the oral session, all course topics can be touched, including the concepts of the lectures market as "case studies".

+++ course slides +++
Note: All contents of the course will be made available through slides.
ELTIS SUMP Guidelines 2nd edition https://www.eltis.org/mobility-plans/sump-guidelines
Atlante dei Trasporti Italiani, ISBN: 9788869853005
Note: The Atlas is in Italian, but is mostly composed by maps.

Gli insegnamenti opzionali consentono allo studente di completare la propria formazione e di caratterizzare il proprio profilo formativo scegliendo secondo i propri interessi personali le tematiche di approfondimento tra un ampio ventaglio di alternative.

Secondo i Descrittori di Dublino (DdD), il superamento dell’esame attesta l'acquisizione dei seguenti risultati:
DdD 1 (conoscenza e comprensione), 3 (autonomia di giudizio), 4 (abilità comunicative) e 5 (capacità di apprendimento)

• capacità di acquisire, elaborare autonomamente e comunicare conoscenze non strettamente inerenti i temi caratterizzanti del Corso di laurea (DdD 1, 3, 4 e 5).

Il corso si propone di introdurre lo studente nella dimensione del sistema dei trasporti in una visione integrata trasporti, ambiente e territorio.
La descrizione degli elementi strutturali e dei complessi processi dei sistemi di trasporto rappresenta il nucleo del percorso didattico.
L'Infomobilità viene sviluppata nelle varie accezioni di smart city, trasporti intelligenti, informazioni all'utenza.
Viene sviluppato inoltre il concetto di sostenibilità con particolare attenzione alla sua applicazione nel settore trasporti.
Il percorso didattico prevede, oltre alle lezioni ex-cathedra, lo svolgimento di applicazioni ed esempi.
Risultati specifici attesi
I risultati attesi riguardano differenti livelli di conoscenza e di capacità descrittiva e interpretativa dei fenomeni della mobilità:

• rappresentare schematicamente i sistemi di trasporto per quanto riguarda le caratteristiche topologiche, prestazionali e i costi dell'utenza;
• identificare la domanda di trasporto e il suo collegamento con il territorio;
• descrivere quantitativamente l'interazione tra offerta e domanda di trasporto;
• valutare gli interventi di nuove infrastrutture e/o servizi di trasporto.
  Argomenti
  Cenni sui Sistemi di Trasporto: Introduzione, storia, inquadramento e definizioni.
  La Pianificazione dei sistemi di trasporto: Introduzione, problematiche, strumenti e aspettative.
  Descrizione dell’offerta di trasporto:
  La modellizzazione del sistema di trasporto
  I grafi, definizioni e caratteristiche
  Le reti, definizioni e caratteristiche; la zonizzazione
  Applicazioni a reti stradali e ferroviarie per trasporto pubblico e privato
  Tipologie di veicoli
  Tipologie di strade: classificazione e capacità; cenni sul DM 5/11/2001
  Tipologie di intersezioni: classificazione e capacità; cenni sul DM 19/4/2006
  Il concetto di congestione in una rete di trasporto
  La capacità di un sistema di trasporto
  Cenni sul deflusso veicolare e ferroviario: alcuni modelli elementari
  Cenni sulla Descrizione della Domanda di Trasporto:
  La domanda, definizione e caratteristiche
  Struttura temporale della domanda
  La matrice O/D
  Metodi di raccolta dati
  Cenni sulla Interazione Domanda/Offerta: Il principio di equilibrio e la simulazione dinamica.
  Sistemi di trasporto intelligente (Intelligent Transport Systems), sistemi in-vehicle intelligenti e applicazioni di infomobilità:
  la gestione del traffico e della mobilità;
  l'informazione all'utenza;
  la gestione del trasporto pubblico;
  la gestione delle flotte e del trasporto merci;
  il pagamento automatico;
  il controllo avanzato del veicolo e la navigazione;
  la gestione delle emergenze e degli incidenti
  Metodi di valutazione dei progetti (Analisi Costi/Benefici, Analisi multicriteri).

Prova orale obbligatoria
Valutazione continua facoltativa (a scelta dello studente)
Per i frequentanti: prova scritta con test vero/falso, al termine di ogni lezione, ed esame orale (nelle date di appello). Per i non frequentanti l'esame è solo orale.
Viene valutata la capacità di interpretare i fenomeni di trasporto con gli strumenti forniti nelle lezioni.
In particolare si richiede di identificare le due componenti della mobilità, l'offerta e la domanda, nelle applicazioni reali e di indicare le modalità con cui descrivere la loro interazione.

Marino de Luca, La pianificazione dei Trasporti, Editore: Franco Angeli, Anno edizione: 2000
Ortúzar J de D., Willumsen L.G., Pianificazione dei sistemi di trasporto, Editore: Hoepli, Anno edizione: 2004
Ennio Cascetta, Modelli per i sistemi di trasporto, Editore: UTET, Anno edizione: 2000, ISBN: 8860080126

The course provides students with specific knowledge in the field of urban history. Adopting the lens of housing history, the course explores the interactions with the history of the city and the territory, the history of architecture and landscape, and the history of planning. The aim is to provide students with specific skills helping them to develop critical tools to be used in their design and research activity.

According to the Dublin Descriptors (DdD), passing the exam certifies the acquisition of the following results:
DdD 1 (knowledge and understanding), 3 (autonomy of judgment), 4 (communication skills) and 5 (learning ability)

• ability to acquire, process independently and communicate knowledge not strictly related to the subjects characterizing the Master Program (DdD 1, 3, 4 and 5)

Adopting a transnational perspective, the course will explore the relations between Housing History and Urban History, dealing with diverse design scales and cultures. The course investigates seminal experiences and discourses that marked 20th-century urban history, analyzing their origins and circulation across an extended geographical and chronological context and within a wider interpretative framework that pays particular attention to relations with architectural, planning, social, cultural, political, and economic discourses over the period.
The course seeks to enable students to gain both a broad general background across the multiple disciplines related to the history of the city and specialized knowledge of the approaches and methods of the various positions in housing history, conceived as a cross-cultural field of knowledge that integrates perspectives from different disciplinary and historiographic traditions. It aims to equip students with a set of interpretative tools to develop critical reflection on the multiple planning and architectural theories, concepts, and methods that have informed the history of housing and domestic cultures and practices, as they were framed over time in diverse cultural and geographic contexts. The course intends to introduce and discuss specific stories of residential buildings and neighborhoods in an extended interpretative framework.
Lessons will address the processes of transfer and intensive exchange of models, concepts, ideas, theories, practices, knowledge, expertise, and professionals (planners, urban designers, architects, and engineers), looking at the migration, adaptation, and hybridization of housing cultures in different political, cultural, and economic contexts, overcoming national boundaries. It will consider some of the main epicenters of the elaboration of models and discourses, the spaces of exchange and collaboration (events, professional networks), and some of the most relevant actors and vectors that facilitate the circulation and exchange of housing, urban and planning cultures (periodicals, manuals, institutions, transnational organizations, planning offices and companies), contributing to the creation of a transnational discourse and culture.
Weekly lectures, thematic seminars, and research work would provide the core of the course. The course will be articulated into four major modules:
-In the first module, the instructor will deliver a series of lessons to introduce a set of theoretical, interpretative, and methodological lenses through which housing and planning cultures have developed and were disseminated through housing over the 20th century.

• In the second module, an exploration of recent tendencies and approaches in the historical research on housing will be carried out by students through the reading and in-class collective discussion of selected texts and the writing of a critical analysis.
  -In the third module, a series of lessons delivered by guest lecturers will contribute to positioning seminal studies in Housing History in a transnational and comparative perspective. International lecturers from European and North American Universities will be invited to present their recent research, methodologies, and approaches to the study of Housing History. Students will act as respondents.
• In the fourth module, students will be involved in a research exercise devoted to the histories of houses and neighborhoods. The results of their research will be shared through a final written paper, an oral public presentation, and a public discussion with the instructors.
  More detailed information regarding the past edition of the course can be found at: https://urbanhistorypolimi.wordpress.com

Progetto/i - Elaborato/i obbligatorio, di gruppo, con revisioni periodiche, con presentazione/discussione finale
Students will be asked to attend the course and actively contribute to the in-class discussion. As part of their course requirements, students will be asked to write a final research essay. The research paper and an oral presentation will constitute the major components of students’ final grades.

Gaia Caramellino, Filippo De Pieri (eds.), Housing Histories New Research Strategies for Twentieth-Century Residential Architecture, Editore: Bloomsbury Publishing, Anno edizione: 2026, ISBN: 978-1-3505-3237-3
Miles Glendinning, Mass Housing: Modern Architecture and State Power - a Global History, Editore: Bloomsbury Publishing, Anno edizione: 2021
Florian Urban, Tower and Slab: Histories of Global Mass Housing, Editore: Routledge, Anno edizione: 2012
Barbara Miller Lane, Housing and Dwelling: Perspectives on Modern Domestic Architecture, Editore: Routledge, Anno edizione: 2007
Inge Daniels, The Japanese House: Material Culture in the Modern Home, Editore: Berg, Anno edizione: 2010
G. Caramellino, F. Zanfi (eds.), Post-war Middle Class Housing: Models, Construction and Change., Editore: Peter Lang, Anno edizione: 2015
Nancy Stieber, Housing Design and Society in Amsterdam. Reconfiguring Urban Order and Identity, 1900-1920, Editore: The University of Chicago Press, Anno edizione: 1998
Nicholas Dagen Bloom, Matthew Gordon Lasner, Affordable Housing in New York, Editore: Princeton University Press, Anno edizione: 2016
Sharon Marcus, Apartment Stories. City and Home in Nineteenth-Century Paris and London, Editore: University of California Press, Anno edizione: 1999
Gaia Caramellino, Filippo De Pieri, "Private generalizations: the emergence of the micro scale in historical research on modern housing", in A. Kockelkorn, N. Zschocke (eds.), Productive Universals/Specific Situations: Critical Engagements in Art, Architecture and Urbanism, pp. 295-313., Editore: Sternberg Press, Anno edizione: 2019

attività extracurriculari