Electronic and Communications Engineering

The course aims at providing the necessary background for the interpretation of chemical phenomena, for the understanding of the structure and properties of molecules and crystalline solids, and the comprehension and handling of energetic phenomena concerning chemical and electrochemical systems.

The course aims to provide the basic knowledge necessary for the interpretation of chemical phenomena, for the understanding of the structure and properties of crystalline solids and for the understanding and calculation of energy phenomena related to chemical and electrochemical systems.

ATOM Constitution of the nucleus, structure of the hydrogen atom and atomic models (Bohr and quantum-mechanical) Quantum numbers, exclusion principle and Hundt rule Spatial form of s,p and d orbitals CLASSIFICATION OF THE ELEMENTS AND PERIODIC TABLE Electronic configuration of the elements and periodicity in the chemical and physical properties Atomic radius, ionization energy and electron affinity Subdivision into metals, non-metals and semimetals. Basics on the main groups of the periodic table and some transition metals. THE CHEMICAL BOND Bond: ionic, covalent, metallic. Intermolecular interactions. Covalent bond: single, double and triple. Molecular geometry, hybridisation and resonance. Notes on the theory of molecular orbitals. NOMENCLATURE, FORMULAS AND STOICHIOMETRY Atomic and molecular mass, the mole, Avogadro's constant. Acid-base reactions and formation of salts. Oxidation state and balancing of redox reactions. Mass relationships in a chemical reaction, limiting reagent. Combustion reactions GASEOUS STATE Ideal gas laws. State equation of ideal gases. Equilibrium distribution of kinetic energies in an ideal gas (Boltzmann). Liquefaction of a gas. LIQUID STATE Vapour pressure of pure liquids. Solutions: ways to express concentration. Dissociation and ionization degree. Colligate properties of solutions, both electrolytic and non. Definition of acid and base according to Arrhenius, Brønsted and Lewis. Ostwald dilution law. Ionic product of water, pH and pOH. SOLID STATE Unit cell and structure of simplestcrystalline solids. Crystal lattices. Classification of solids. CHEMICAL KINETICS AND CATALYSIS Reaction rate and order. Arrhenius equation. Activation energy. Catalysis and catalysts. CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM Mass action law. Equilibrium constant. Homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical equilibria. Le Chatelier principle and influence of the temperature on the equilibrium. CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS First, second and third Principle. Reaction enthalpy and Hess law. Change in entropy and free energy of a reaction. Spontaneity criterion. ELECTROCHEMISTRY Normal and effective potential of an electrode. Electrochemical cells and Nernst equation. Electrochemical force of a cell. Reactivity of metals with ocids, oxidizing or not. Electrolysis and Faraday laws. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Nomenclature and properties of the main organic compounds. Most common functional groups and their main reactions. Isomerism: structural, geometric, conformational.

E' possibile sostenere l?esame in anticipo rispetto all?acquisizione della frequenza

PRINCIPLES OF GENERAL CHEMISTRY (International Edition). Author: Martin Silberberg. Publisher: MgGraw-Hill

The most important learning outcomes are: - knowledge of the general concepts of communication networks: network topologies, switching techniques (circuit and packet), multiplexing and multiple access techniques, service models (client-server, peer-to-peer), layered protocol architectures, traffic characterization, QoS, error recovery - knowledge of Ethernet and Wi-Fi protocols - knowledge of network and transport protocols in the Internet: IP, TCP/UDP - knowledge of the routing in IP networks - ability to design and plan an IP network - ability to configure an IP network and its routing

This course introduces the mathematical foundations of modern communication networks, with particular emphasis on the architecture of Internet. Inside the general framework of the Bachelor degree in “Electronics and Communication Engineering� this is the fundamental course in the area of telecommunications, giving the basic foundations of both the physical and network layer of modern telecommunication systems. The course is fully given in English.

• General concepts of computer networks: network classification based on the covered area, network topologies, switching techniques (circuit and packet), multiplexing and multiple access techniques, service models (client-server, peer-to-peer), layered protocol architectures, traffic characterization and QoS requirements (10h) • Error recovery and flow control techniques: ARQ window protocols, data-link layer protocols (4h) • Ethernet and Wi-Fi networks (10h) • Network protocols in the Internet: IPv4 and ICMP, IP addressing, ARP (14h) • Routing in the Internet: IP addressing, routing tables, NAT (12h) • Internet transport layer protocols (TCP, UDP) (6h) • Internet application layer protocols (SMTP, POP and IMAP, HTTP, DNS) (4h)

E' possibile sostenere l?esame in anticipo rispetto all?acquisizione della frequenza

Books suggested as text reference: • A.Pattavina: “Reti di telecomunicazioni", Mc.Graw-Hill (in Italian) • J.F. Kurose, K.W. Ross: 'Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach', Pearson (English) • J.F. Kurose, K.W. Ross: 'Reti di calcolatori e Internet: un approccio top-down', Pearson Italia (in Italian) The exercises on network protocols and on the design of IP networks will follow: • A.Bianco, C.Casetti, P.Giaccone, Esercitazioni di reti telematiche, CLUT (in Italian)

Lo studente deve acquisire due tipologie fondamentali di conoscenze: (i) la capacità di risolvere problemi concreti mediante programmi da implementare in un linguaggio di programmazione ed eseguire su un calcolatore; (ii) la capacità di comprendere aspetti quantitativi dell’informatica quali prestazioni, capacità di calcolo, rappresentazione dell’informazione, e l’organizzazione degli elaboratori. Queste capacità vengono applicate alla soluzione di problemi di rilevanza pratica.

L’insegnamento, obbligatorio per tutti gli studenti, si propone un duplice obiettivo: da un lato, introdurre gli studenti alle problematiche legate all’informatica sia dal punto di vista “culturale� che da quello tecnologico. Dall’altro, insegnare l’uso di un linguaggio di programmazione per un elaboratore, quale strumento per la soluzione di problemi reali.

o Teoria [9 ore] + Rappresentazione dell’informazione + Architetture dei sistemi di elaborazione + Architettura software o Problem solving e algoritmi [12 ore] + diagrammi di flusso (flow chart), pseudo-codice per la risoluzione di problemi concreti complessi o Linguaggio Python (40 ore) + Tipi di dato primitivi + Variabili e costanti numeriche + Stringhe e metodi per stringhe + Input e Output di dati numerici e di stringhe + Operatori aritmetici elementari, potenze, funzioni matematiche + Variabili booleane e operatori + Costrutti di controllo di flusso (condizionali e iterativi) + Funzioni e passaggio di parametri + Liste, Insiemi, Dizionari + Strutture complesse (dizionari di insiemi e dizionari di liste) + Lettura e scrittura di file di testo + Gestione delle eccezioni

E' possibile sostenere l?esame in anticipo rispetto all?acquisizione della frequenza

• Dispense del corso a cura del docente - Concetti di informatica e fondamenti di Python (Seconda edizione), Cay Horstmann Rance D. Necaise, APOGEO, ISBN 9788891635433, http://www.apogeoeducation.com/concetti-di-informatica-e-fondamenti-di-python.html

Recognition of the IELTS certificate (or other certificate included in the list of Certificates accepted or exemptions in substitution for IELTS at Politecnico di Torino) of the level requested as admission requirement for a Bachelor's Degree Programme held in English.

Modalita di esame: Certificazione;
Exam: Certificate;
... -

This course wants to develop the student's ability to understand logical arguments stressing the role of the hypothesis, for example by building examples and counterexamples. The student acquires tools and techniques to work with geometrical objects (vectors in the plane and i the space, lines, planes, conics and quadrics) and with algebraic objects (linear systems of equations, matrices, polynomials, eigenvalues, eigenvectors, vector spaces and their transformations). For example, the student is able to symbolically deal with a linear system of equations and to compute its solutions: these solutions can correspond to the intersection of two lines, to the eigenvectors of a matrix or to the circles passing through two points. The student will also acquire the necessary knowledge to numerically solve, also using a computer, some basic problems in linear algebra when the “pencil and paper� method is not feasible (for example, computing the solutions of a large linear system of equations and computing the eigenvalues of a matrix). In particular, the student learns to identify an algebraic/geometric object, to recognize its theoretical properties and to choose the most fit algebraic/geometrical method to deal with the object. The implementation and the application of the numerical methods is done using the software MATLAB of which the student learns the basic aspects.

The course has two main goals. The first one is to introduce the main topics of linear algebra and geometry, training the student to follow logical deductive arguments and to use the proper formal language. The second goal is to give to the students the main concepts of some basic numerical methods of linear algebra and of their implementation in MATLAB, which is by now widely used in engineering. The course will show how theoretic, symbolic and numerical aspects interact with each other.

• Vector in 2-space and in 3-space and their operations. Dot product, cross product and box product. Lines and planes in 3-space. Orthogonal projections. • Matrices and their operations. Strongly reduced matrices. Matrix form of linear systems of equations and their solutions with geometrical applications. Matrix equations and inverse of a matrix. Determinants. • Vector spaces: definition, examples and applications. Sub-vector spaces and main operations with them. • Linear combination and linearly dependent vectors. How to extract linearly independent vectors from a set. Bases of a vector space. Dimension of a vector space. Dimension of finitely generated subspace. • Space of polynomials. Grassmann's relation. • Linear maps. Image of a linear map. Injective and surjective linear maps. Isomorphisms. • Matrix of a linear map. Endomorphism and square matrices. • Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Eigenspaces of matrix endomorphisms. Characteristic polynomial of an endomorphism. Diagonalization of and endomorphism. • Orthonormal bases, orthonormal matrices. Gram-Schmidt's algorithm. Diagonalization of real symmetric matrices using orthogonal matrices. Quadratic forms and the sign that they can take in a point. • Metric problems: distance between two points, two lines, and a point and a line. • Quadratic geometry: conic curves, and spheres. Non-degenerate quadrics in canonical form. Recognising a quadric surface. •Machine arithmetic, machine numbers, rounding error. Conditioning of a numerical problems, Stabilty of an algorithm. •Approximation of functions and data : polynomial interpolation and piecewise polynomial interpolation (spline). Main results about convergence. •Linear systems: conditioning and numerical direct method. Matrix factorizations PA=LU, Choleski, QR and their main applications. •Eigenvalues of matrices: conditioning and numerical methods (powers, inverse power, QR (basics notions)). Singular values decomposition of matrices and its main applications.

E' possibile sostenere l?esame in anticipo rispetto all?acquisizione della frequenza

A. Quarteroni, F. Saleri, P. Gervasio, Scientific Computing with MATLAB and OCTAVE, Springer, 2014. G. Strang, Introduction to Linear Algebra, Wellesley-Cambridge Press, 2016. E. Carlini, LAG: the written exam, v1 and v2 CLUT 2019. E. Carlini, 50 multiple choices in Geometry, CELID 2011.

Ability to follow a chain of logical arguments. Knowledge of the fundamentals of differential and integral calculus for functions of one variable. Gaining an adequate ability in computation.

This course represents a bridge between high school and university. The main goal of the course is to provide the students with tools to follow the concatenation of simple logical arguments, and to introduce the fundamentals of differential and integral calculus for functions of one variable, with applications to ordinary differential equations of the first and the second order.

Preliminaries: sets, operations with sets and logical symbols. Numerical sets, maxima, minima and extrema. The completeness property of real numbers and its consequences. Functions: surjectivity and injectivity; composition of functions, inverse functions. Functions of one real variable: elementary functions, monotone functions and inverse functions. (About 15 hours) Limits and continuity: limits of functions and sequences; continuity. Theorems on limits: uniqueness of the limit, sign-preserving property and local boundedness, comparison theorems. Limits of monotone functions. Algebra of limits. Indeterminate forms. Local comparison of functions. Landau symbols. Infinite and infinitesimal functions. Order of an infinity and of an infinitesimal, principal part with respect to a test function. Asymptotes. The number e. Fundamental trigonometric and exponential limits. Functions continuous over an interval: existence of zeros and of maxima and minima. (About 24 hours) Derivatives: geometrical and physical meaning. Computation of derivatives. Derivatives of elementary functions. Derivatives and continuity. Non-differentiability points, extremal and critical points. Fermat Theorem. Functions differentiable over an interval and fundamental theorems of differential calculus (Rolle and Lagrange) and their consequences. De L'Hôpital rule. Taylor formula and fundamental Maclaurin expansions. Use of Taylor expansions in the local analysis of functions: comparison, extrema and convexity. Applications to the study of the graph of a function. (About 23 hours) Primitives and their computation; primitives of rational functions. Indefinite integral. The definite integral of a piecewise continuous function. Properties of the integral. Integral mean, the mean value theorem and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. Relations between definite integrals and primitives. Improper integrals: definitions and convergence tests. (About 21 hours) Complex numbers and differential equations: algebraic and trigonometric form of a complex number. Real and imaginary part, modulus and argument. Roots of complex numbers; the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. The exponential of a complex number and the Euler formula. Ordinary differential equations: the Cauchy problem. First order ordinary differential equations, linear or with separable variables. Second order linear differential equations with constant coefficients. (About 17 hours)

E' possibile sostenere l?esame in anticipo rispetto all?acquisizione della frequenza

C. Canuto, A. Tabacco. Mathematical Analysis I. Springer-Verlag UTX, 2015. Additional material will be provided by the teacher and will be available in the Internet personal page of the student.

• Knowledge and understanding (acquisition of theoretical and experimental skills in mechanics, fundamentals of electrostatics and thermodynamics and critical understanding of their laws; start understanding the scientific method, the nature and modalities of research in Physics). - Practical application of the acquired knowledge (ability to identify the essential elements of a phenomenon, in terms of magnitude order and required level of approximation; ability to apply laws and theorems to practical situations through problem solving).

The main objective of the Physics I course is to provide the students with a solid scientific base, aimed to mature understanding and quantitative description of the fundamental laws of nature, concerning mechanics, electrostatics and thermodynamics.

INTRODUCTION The experimental method and the physical quantities. The measurement process. Dimensions of physical observables and units of measurement. Uncertainty (statistical and systematic errors) and uncertainty propagation. Particle KINEMATICS. Review of vector calculus. Reference frames. Position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration in 1, 2 and 3 dimensions. Uniform motion. Motion with constant and variable acceleration. Polar and cylindrical coordinates. Tangent and normal components of acceleration, radius of curvature. Circular motion. Velocity and acceleration composition laws. Particle DYNAMICS Mass and force. Inertial reference frames. Newton’s Laws. Gravitational force. Coulomb’s force. Elastic force. Constraints. Static and kinetic friction. Viscous resistance. Non inertial reference frames: fictitious forces. Work and kinetic energy: definition of work, work-energy theorem. Potential Energy and energy conservation: conservative force fields and potential energy. Mechanical-energy conservation. Examples and applications. Harmonic oscillator: harmonic motion, damped and driven harmonic motion. Resonance. Linear momentum and angular momentum: impulse-momentum theorem. Moment of a force (torque) and angular momentum. Angular momentum theorem. Newton’s Law of Gravitation and Coulomb’s Law. Kepler’s laws. Law of universal gravitation, inertial and gravitational mass. Coulomb’s law and charge. Superposition principle of forces. Gravitational and electrostatic fields. Field lines and flux. Gravitational and electrostatic potential: Gauss’ theorem, charge distributions with spherical symmetry and other examples. DYNAMICS and STATICS of many-particle systems and COLLISIONS. Continuous and discrete systems. Internal and external forces. Equation of motion of the center of mass. Total momentum of many-particle systems. Center of mass and linear momentum conservation. Angular momentum of many-body systems: Angular momentum theorem and conservation. Angular momentum and kinetic energy in the center-of-mass frame. Collisions: momentum and kinetic energy in collision processes. Elastic and inelastic collisions. DYNAMICS of a rigid body. Definition of rigid body. Translation and rotation about a fixed axis of a rigid body. Moment of inertia. Parallel-axis theorem. Rigid-body kinetic energy. Pure rolling motion. Rolling motion with slipping. Conservation laws in the rigid-body motion. Mechanical equilibrium of a rigid body. Examples and applications. MECHANICS OF FLUIDS. Pressure. Statics of fluids: hydrostatic pressure (Stevin’s law). Pascal’s law and Archimedes principle. Dynamics of ideal fluids: flux lines and flux tube. Equation of continuity. Bernoulli’s theorem. Examples and applications. Viscosity. THERMODYNAMICS: calorimetry, First Law of Thermodynamics and ideal gases. Basic concepts in thermometry and heat transfer. Thermodynamic equilibrium and variables of state. Reversible and irreversible thermodynamic transformations. Adiabatic, isothermal, isobaric and isochoric transformations. First Law of Thermodynamics, internal energy. Calorimetry. Ideal (or perfect) gases. Kinetic theory of gases, work and internal energy. Applications of the first law to ideal gases. THERMODYNAMICS: Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy. Second Law of Thermodynamics: Kelvin and Clausius statements. Heat engines and refrigerators. Thermal efficiency. Carnot’s cycle and other cycles. Carnot’s theorem. Thermodynamic temperature. Clausius’ theorem. Entropy.

E' possibile sostenere l?esame in anticipo rispetto all?acquisizione della frequenza

• DC Giancoli, "Physics for scientists & engineers, 4th ed., Prentice Hall, 2009 - R Resnick, D Halliday, KS Krane, "Physics", vol. 1, 5th ed., John Wiley & Sons 2002 - SJ Ling, J Sanny, W Moebs, "University Physics", vols. 1-2, Rice University 2018

• Knowledge of the concept of dynamical system together with its mathematical representations such as state equations and transfer functions - Skill in deriving mathematical models of linear dynamical systems - Skill in computing the solution of the system state equations - Skill in evaluating the behaviour of a dynamical system through numeric simulation - Knowledge of structural properties (stability, reachability, observability) of dynamical systemes - Skill in studying the structural properties - Knowledge of the concept of feedback control of dynamical systems - Knowledge of the main performance requirements of feedback systems - Knowledge of the main feedback system analysis techniques based on sinusoidal tools - Skill in analyzing stability and performance of feedback control systems - Knowledge of the design techniques of feedback controllers based on lead and lag functions - Skill in designing feedback controllers for single input single output systems through lead, lag and PID functions - Skill in evaluating the behaviour and performance of controlled systems through numerical simulation

The course will address the fundamentals of dynamical systems analysis and of the design of simple analogic and digital feedback controllers.

• Introduction to dynamical systems. State space representation. Examples of state space representation of physical systems. (10 hr) - Solution of state equations, modal analysis and stability of linear systems. Transfer function. (10 hr) - Minimality, reachability and observability, realization. (2 hr) - Introduction to output feedback control. Block algebra. (3 hr) - Bode, polar, Nyquist and Nichols diagrams. Nyquist stability criterion. Stability margins (10 hr) - Feedback systems response in face of polynomial inputs; steady state tracking errors, disturbance attenuation and rejection. Time and frequency response of first and second order systems. Feedback systems performance: transient and steady state. (10 hr) - Control systems design by means of sinusoidal using lead, lag and PID functions. (15 hr)

Modalita di esame: Test informatizzato in laboratorio;
Exam: Computer lab-based test;
... Written exam in computer laboratory lasting 3 hours divided into three parts. Part I. 2 multiple choice problems, 4 possible answers are shown for each problem, only one of which is correct (maximum score: 6/30). Exact answer: 3 points, wrong answer: -1 point, missing answer: 0 points. Comments on the solution must be provided too: in the absence of any comments a null score is given even in the presence of the correct answer. The goal of this first part of the exam is to verify the understanding of the fundamental theoretical topics of analysis and design of feedback control systems. Part II. 1 “open� question on conceptual topics (maximum score: 10/30). The goal of this part of the exam is to verify the student ability to properly express and elaborate either theoretical issues or conceptual problems. Part III. 1 control design problem (maximum score: 17/30). The goal of this part of the exam is to verify the student skillness in designing an analog control system. A well motivated detailed report on the employed design procedure is required. The final grade is the sum of the scores achieved in the three parts. During the exam it is allowed to use a formulary provided by the instructor. Detailed instructions and rules will be presented during the course.

The main reference textbooks are: N. S. Nise: “Control System Engineering�, 5th Edition, Wiley, 2008. R. C. Dorf, R. H. Bishop: “Modern Control Systems�, 10th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2005. G. F. Franklin, J.D. Powell, A. Emami-Naeini, “Feedback Control of Dynamic Systems�, 5th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2006. K. Ogata, “Modern Control Engineering�, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2002. P. Bolzern, R. Scattolini, N. Schiavoni, Fondamenti di controlli automatici, Ed. McGraw-Hill Libri Italia, Milano, 3a edizione, 2008 G. Calafiore, Elementi di Automatica, CLUT, Torino, 2007, II ediz. G. Calafiore, Appunti di Controlli Automatici, CLUT, Torino, 2006. A. Isidori, Sistemi di Controllo – Vol. Primo, Ediz. Scientifiche Siderea, Roma, 1992. II ediz. Lecture slides will be available on “Portale della didattica� as well as laboratory practice handouts.

Knowledge of the basic laws governing electrical circuits. Knowledge of analysis method for electrical circuits. Knowledge of the properties of the responses of linear time-invariant circuits. Ability to compute and explain the responses of electrical circuits. Ability to relate the responses of circuit models to the behavior of real systems. Ability to use a modern computer program for Computer-aided Circuit Analysis (SPICE).

The main objective of the course is to introduce students to the basic laws governing lumped electrical circuits, giving suitable and general methods for their analysis. In particular, the course provides fundamental tools to analyze high-order dynamic circuits in the time and in the frequency domain. An introduction to automated circuit analysis via computer-based simulation is also provided. The theory is complemented by several practical classes.

The course is structured in a “core� part (8 credits) and an “advanced/applications� part (2 credits). The “core� part is common to all the students attending the course. The “advanced/applications� part is only for students enrolled in the Electronic and Communications Engineering and Physics Engineering (not required for Computer Engineering students). 1. Core part (8 credits) Kirchhoff equations, nodal analysis, general properties of linear resistive circuits, linear resistive 2-port elements, linear dynamic circuits, Laplace analysis, ac circuits and frequency response 2. Advanced/Applications part (2 credits) Automated circuit analysis (SPICE), Resonant circuits, LTI 2-port elements, Reciprocity, Nonlinear resistive circuits, Fundamentals of switched-mode power supply, Circuit models for multi-physics problems.

Modalita di esame: Prova scritta (in aula); Prova orale facoltativa;
Exam: Written test; Optional oral exam;
... The knowledge, and the ability to apply it, will be verified during the final examination, which is structured in a written test followed by a validation session, possibly including an oral test (the written test and the validation/oral session very likely will not be held on the same day). The written test has a “closed book� format (no books, notes, calculators allowed), it lasts two hours and is composed of multiple choice questions (up to 24 points) and a circuit analysis problem with open questions (up to 6 points). The written test is passed with at least 18/30 points. The oral test will be based on two questions about any theoretical or practical topic presented in the course. The oral test can be requested by students with a mark of the written part larger than 23/30 or can be imposed by the examination board in case of difficulties in marking the written test of the candidate. The basis for the final mark is provided by the score of the written test, which can be increased (or decreased) based on the possible oral test. The grading criteria take into account: • the correctness of the answer provided to the written problems and oral questions • the ability to appropriately use the technical terms • the autonomy and promptness of the student in providing the answers

Reference textbook: Clayton R. Paul, Fundamentals of Electric Circuit Analysis, Wiley 2001. Additional texts: Charles A. Desoer and Ernest S. Kuh, Basic circuit theory. McGraw- Hill, 1969 R. Perfetti, Circuiti elettrici, Zanichelli, Bologna, 2003. M. Biey, Spice e PSpice: introduzione all'uso, CLUT, Torino, 2001. Lecture handout and problem files for the practical classes, as well as additional material such as examples of final tests, are available for download from the course web site. Please refer to the course web site for the most updated material and for any official communication.

Knowledge of large- and small-signal models of active semiconductor devices. Knowledge of the basic configurations of analog amplifiers. Knowledge of negative feedback systems, and of the effects of feedback on gain, bandwidth and impedances of analog amplifiers. Knowledge of alternative analytical approaches for the calculation of transfer functions and impedances of analog circuits. Ability to calculate the bias point of BJT- and MOS-based amplifiers. Ability to calculate the small-signal equivalent circuit parameters of active devices. Ability to recognize the feedback topology and to evaluate its effects on a circuit. Ability to calculate the transfer functions and network impedances of analog circuits. Ability to choose the most convenient method to analyze a given analog circuit. Ability to use the most common laboratory instruments.

This course gives students an introduction to the basic concepts and techniques of analog electronics. After a review of the models of bipolar and MOS transistors, the course presents their application through a systematic study of elementary single-transistor amplifiers, then extended to the case of multistage systems. The properties and advantages of negative feedback in electronic circuits are examined, and alternative approaches for the analysis of feedback amplifiers are introduced. A part of the program is devoted to the use of basic laboratory instruments. Five lab sessions are organized to make students proficient with modern laboratory instrumentation.

a.1. Large- and small-signal models of diodes, BJTs and MOS transistors. Equivalent circuits for the determination of the bias point of bipolar and MOS transistor. Definition and calculation of the sensitivity of the bias point (1 ECTS) a.2. BJT and MOS amplifiers. Load line, safe operating area. Fundamental topologies of single-stage amplifiers, voltage and current gains, input and output impedances (1 ECTS) a.3. Multistage amplifiers. Impedances and transfer functions in circuits with reactive components. Frequency response (1 ECTS) a.4. Feedback: classification and effects. Evaluation of closed-loop gains and impedances. Rosenstark's theorem and Blackman's formula; Miller’s theorem; Driving Point Impedance method (2 ECTS) a.5. High frequency behavior of active devices; models for the determination of the cutoff frequency (1 ECTS) b.1. Multimeters: voltmeters, ammeters and ohmmeters (1 ECTS) b.2. Digital storage oscilloscopes (1 ECTS)

Modalita di esame: Prova scritta (in aula); Prova orale obbligatoria;
Exam: Written test; Compulsory oral exam;
... The exam includes a written test and an oral session. The written test, with an approximate duration of 3h15min, includes: • a 40 min long closed-book section (where the use of textbooks, notes etc. is not allowed) with questions and short numerical problems on electronic measurements; • a 20 min long closed-book section with questions on electronic circuit theory; • an open-book section (2h15min, where students can use textbooks and notes, but no electronic device apart from pocket calculators) with numerical problems on electronic circuits. The texts of all written tests since 2012 and their numerical solutions are available on the course website. The overall score of the written test is a weighted average of the scores of the closed-book (30%) and open-book (70%) sections. The students whose written test score is 18/30 or higher are admitted to the oral exam. The oral exam starts from a review of the written test and includes a mandatory part on electronic circuits (40 min), with at least two questions on the course topics, and an optional part on electronic measurements (15 min) with two questions. The final score is an average of the written and oral scores. The grading is based on the ability of the student to address the analysis of analog circuits, to derive numerically correct results, and to discuss the fundamental concepts presented in the course.

Lecture notes on selected topics, numerical problems, homework assignments and laboratory manuals are available for download from the course website. There is no single reference textbook, but excerpts from the following texts are used as references for specific topics: Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, Oxford University Press (several editions available). Richard C. Jaeger, Travis N. Blalock, Microelectronic circuit design, McGraw-Hill (several editions available). Nihal Kularatna, Digital and analogue instrumentation: testing and measurement, The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2003.

-Conoscenza delle principali proprietà elettroniche dei solidi, con particolare attenzione ai semiconduttori -Conoscenza delle proprietà dei semiconduttori in equilibrio -Conoscenza dei principali parametri di trasporto di elettroni e lacune in un semiconduttore -Capacità di valutare le concentrazioni di carica libera in un semiconduttore in equilibrio e fuori equilibrio -Conoscenza dettagliata delle principali equazioni utilizzate per decrivere il comportamento dei materiali semiconduttori all'equilibrio e fuori equilibrio. -Capacità nell'applicare le opportune semplificazioni e approssimazioni alle equazioni dei semiconduttori nei casi di maggior interesse pratico. -Capacità di definire il diagramma a bande di una struttura a semiconduttore e di derivarne in modo qualitativo il comportamento elettrico sia all'equilibrio che fuori equilibrio. -Capacità di prevedere la distribuzione di carica nella giunzione metallo-semiconduttore. -Capacità di prevedere il comportamento elettrico (rettificante o ohmico) di una giunzione metallo-semiconduttore in base ai materiali utilizzati per la sua realizzazione. -Capacità di prevedere la distribuzione di carica nella giunzione p-n con profili di drogaggio sia uniformi sia variabili. -Capacità di correlare il comportamento fuori equilibrio di un diodo a giunzione con i principali meccanismi di trasporto di carica nella giunzione: polarizzazione diretta, inversa e rottura. -Capacità di costruire i modelli di ampio e piccolo segnale di un diodo a giunzione e di correlarli con il comportamento sperimentale -Conoscenza dei principi di funzionamento dei transistori bipolari BJT e delle equazioni che ne determinano il comportamento statico e capacità di correlarle con le caratteristiche statiche. -Capacità di costruire i modelli di ampio e piccolo segnale di un BJT e di correlarli con il comportamento sperimentale. -Conoscenza dei principi di funzionamento dei transistori a effetto di campo FET. -Conoscenza dettagliata dei sistemi MOS in termini di distribuzione di carica nelle diverse regioni di funzionamento: svuotamento, debole e forte inversione e accumulo -Conoscenza del comportamento statico di MOSFET a canale lungo e dei principali effetti che si presentano con lunghezze di canale ridotte. -Capacità di costruire i modelli di ampio e piccolo segnale di un MOSFET e di correlarli con il comportamento sperimentale. -Conoscenza dei dispositivi a gate flottante utilizzati nelle memorie non volatili -Conoscenza dei principali processi tecnologici per i semiconduttori -Abilità di valutare dai parametri di processo i profili di drogaggio e gli spessori degli strati nei processi per semiconduttori -Abilità di padroneggiare le principali problematiche legate allo scalamento dei dispositivi a semiconduttore

Il corso e' tenuto in lingua Inglese.. L'insegnamento è obbligatorio per gli studenti dei Corsi di Laurea in Ingegneria Elettronica e in Ingegneria Fisica e costituisce il primo elemento della catena che dalle conoscenze di fisica dello stato solido, condurrà lo studente a comprendere strutture circuitali complesse in ambito analogico e digitale. In particolare le competenze acquisite nell'insegnamento di Dispositivi Elettronici saranno direttamente applicate sia a livello teorico sia sperimentale nel corso di Circuiti Elettronici.

-Introduzione alla fisica dei semiconduttori [2 cfu]: Solidi: comportamento elettronico, struttura a bande; Semiconduttori: elettroni e lacune, densità degli stati e statistica; Semiconduttori in equilibrio; Semiconduttori fuori equilibrio: trasporto e generazione-ricombinazione (GR); Trasporto nei semiconduttori: fenomeni di urto, mobilità , velocità di saturazione; Trasporto nei semiconduttori: diffusione, diffusività , relazione di Einstein; GR: diretta e assistita da trappole. Approssimazione di tempo di vita; Diagrammi a bande semiconduttori drogati e calcolo delle concentrazioni dei portatori. -Semiconduttori e giunzioni [2 cfu]: Equazioni di Schockley; Fenomeni di conduzione nei semiconduttori: trascinamento e diffusione; Modello matematico dei semiconduttori; Applicazione del modello matematico ad alcuni casi significativi di semiconduttori fuori equilibrio; Giunzione metallo-semiconduttore all’equilibrio: diagramma a bande e studio elettrostatico; Effetto della tensione applicata sulla giunzione metallo-semiconduttore: comportamento ohmico o rettificante, variazione della carica di svuotamento e Capacità di svuotamento; Giunzione p-n all'equilibrio: diagramma a bande e studio elettrostatico; Effetto della tensione applicata sulla giunzione p-n: variazione della carica di svuotamento e Capacità di svuotamento; Metodo di misura del potenziale di contatto nelle giunzioni basato su 1/C^2; Quasi livelli di Fermi e legge della giunzione; Correnti nella giunzione e valutazione del modello statico; Distribuzione delle correnti in polarizzazione diretta e inversa; Effetto delle resistenze serie sulle caratteristiche statiche; Tensione di accensione del diodo; Meccanismi di rottura della giunzione; Modello a controllo di carica e Capacità di diffusione; Derivazione del modello di ampio segnale e di piccolo segnale del diodo a giunzione. -Transistore bibpolare [2 cfu]: Generalità sui transistori; Meccanismi di funzionamento del transistore bipolare BJT; Correnti e parametri caratteristici del BJT in regione attiva diretta; Calcolo delle concentrazioni dei portatori nelle regioni di emettitore, base e collettore; Derivazione delle equazioni di Ebers Moll e modello statico; BJT nelle regioni attiva inversa, saturazioned interdizione; Caratteristiche statiche e modello di piccolo segnale del BJT. -Transistori MOS a effetto di campo [2 cfu]: Sistemi MOS: diagramma a bande all'equilibrio e valutazione degli effetti della tensione applicata; Fenomeno dell'inversione di popolazione; Derivazione della carica totale nel semiconduttore al variare delle tensione applicata; Sistemi MOS in forte inversione e calcolo della tensione di soglia; Sistemi CMOS: il transistore MOSFET a canale n e a canale p; Analisi a canale graduale del MOSFET; Modello statico del MOSFET a canale lungo in regione quadratica e di saturazione; Effetto di substrato; Modello di ampio e piccolo segnale del MOSFET; Effetti di canale corto nei MOSFET. -Introduzione alla tecnologia dei semiconduttori [2 cfu]: Principi di tecnologia dei semiconduttori: crescita del cristallo, epitassia, processi di drogaggio, crescita di film e ossidazione, deposizione di strati metallici, attacco chimico; fotolitografia, circuiti integrati bipolari, circuiti integrati a MOS; Evoluzione della tecnologia dei semiconduttori: scalamento e legge di Moore; cenni ai semiconduttori composti.

Modalita di esame: Prova scritta (in aula); Prova orale obbligatoria; Elaborato progettuale in gruppo;
Exam: Written test; Compulsory oral exam; Group project;
... L’esame consiste in una parte teorica e di una parte relativa agli esercizi numerici. La parte teorica consiste in un insieme di domande scritte di teoria (selezionate da un insieme di domande rese disponibili sul sito web del corso) seguita da una prova orale, e pesa 18/30. Gli esercizi numerici (analoghi a quelli svolti nelle esercitazioni numeriche in aula) sono svolti in forma scritta e pesano 12/30; nell’ambito della prova orale possono essere discussi. La prova orale è svolta di norma nello stesso giorno della prova scritta o in giorni immediatamente seguenti.

Le lezioni faranno ricorso alla lavagna connessa al sistema di videoproiezione, tutto il materiale prodotto messo a disposizione sul portale della didattica. Gli esercizi sono discussi e risolti in aula. Si forniranno esercizi a casa per l’autovalutazione e la preparazione dell’esame finale. I libri di testo consigliati sono: Ben Streetman, Sanjay Banerjee, Solid State Electronic Devices (6th Edition), Prentice Hall G. Ghione, Dispositivi per la microelettronica, McGraw 1998

Expected acquired knowledge: - Definition, properties, and convergence criteria for numerical series. - Definition, properties, and convergence criteria for sequences and series of functions, power series, and Fourier series. - Definition and main properties of Laplace transform. - Properties and analysis of functions of several variables. - Definition and properties of double, triple, line, and surface integrals. - Conservative vector field; Green, Gauss, and Stokes theorems. Expected acquired ablities: - to classify the asymptotic behaviour (e.g., converge or the lack thereof) of numerical series, sequences of functions, and series of functions using the criteria introduced in class; - to infer the set and type of convergence of sequences and series of functions; - to compute the power series approximation of a function and the Fourier series approximation of a periodic function; - to compute the Laplace transform of simple functions and compare their properties; - to analyze a function of several variables; find and classify its critical points; - to compute double, triple, line, and surface integrals; - to reproduce, discuss, and explain theoretical results presented in class and apply them to solve simple problems.

This course first completes the theory of functions of one variable which was developed in the Mathematical Analysis course, by introducing the student to basic concepts of numerical series, power series, Fourier series, and Laplace transform. The course then introduces basic topics in the mathematical analysis of functions of several variables including differential calculus in several variables, the theory of multiple integration, line, and surface integration.

• Laplace transform. - Numerical series: definition and convergence criteria. Power series and Taylor series. Fourier series. - Review on vectors and elementary notions of topology of R^n. Functions of several variables, vector fields. Limits and continuity. Partial and directional derivatives, Jacobian matrix. Differentiability, gradient, and tangent plane. Second derivatives, Hessian matrix. Taylor polynomial. Critical points, unconstrained maxima and minima. - Double and triple integrals, center of mass. Length of a curve and area of the region under the graph of a function. Line and surface integrals (for graphs of functions only). Circulation and flux of a vector field. - Conservative vector fields. Green, Gauss, and Stokes theorems.

E' possibile sostenere l?esame in anticipo rispetto all?acquisizione della frequenza

The following textbook covers the topics of the course and will be used as a reference: - C. Canuto, A. Tabacco, "Mathematical Analysis II", Springer` Other material will be suggested in class and made avalaible thorugh the Portale della Didattica.

a) Knowledge and understanding Students are taught some basic mathematical notions and tools for solving various problems ranging from signals analysis to the study of random phenomena. The theory of distributions provides a general language which enables to deal with signals arising in impulsive or discontinuous phenomena: this theory is the natural setting for the study of the Fourier and Laplace transforms. Students learn the techniques for the computation of the transforms of the main distributions: delta Dirac, Dirac comb, and piecewise regular functions included. Complex analysis is the proper setting for the theory of the Laplace transform and is the advanced tool for the analysis of singular phenomena and for the computation of integrals. Moreover, students are provided with the main probabilistic tools necessary for solving problems under uncertainty. They learn how to deal with random phenomena and with the variables involved in them. b) Applying knowledge and understanding At the end of the course students will be able to apply the analytical techniques required for the analysis of the signals of any nature (impulsive, erratic, etc.). Also, they will be expected to have acquired the skills to evaluate the probability of outcomes and extrapolate information useful in solving problems in electronic and telecommunication engineering. The ability to apply the gained knowledge will be verified through class exercises.

The course aims at completing the students' education in basic mathematics. It introduces the theory of complex and analytic functions, distributions, Fourier and Laplace transforms, and discrete and continuous probability. Such topics play an essential role in engineering applications. Examples and motivation will be drawn from problems in engineering, offering further insights.

1. (27h) Function theory of complex variable: differentiability, Cauchy-Riemann equations, line integrals. Cauchy theorem, Cauchy integral formula, Taylor series of analytic functions, Laurent series. Residue theorem, computation of residues and application to the calculation of integrals. 2. (15h) Theory of distributions: definitions and basic operations (algebraic operations, translation, rescaling, derivatives), Dirac delta, p.v.(1/t), Dirac comb. Convolution of functions and distributions. 3. (18h) Fourier and Laplace transforms of functions and tempered distributions: definitions and properties, inverse transforms, inversion formula. Notable transforms. 4. (15h) Combinatorics, probability measures and related elementary properties. Conditional probability and independence. 5. (15h) Discrete and continuous random variables. Notable examples. Expected values. 6. (10h) Joint distribution, independence and correlation.

Modalita di esame: Prova scritta (in aula); Prova orale facoltativa;
Exam: Written test; Optional oral exam;
... The final exam is in written form. An oral exam is optional on the student' or the course responsible's request. The exam duration is 1,5 hours. During the exam, students can only use a printed copy of the formula sheet made available by the teachers on the Portale della Didattica, along with pen and white paper. The use of calculator is limited to the one made available in the Exam platform. The use of any other device is strictly forbidden. The written exam comprises two parts: 1. ten multiple-choice questions, six of which on the Mathematical Analysis part and the remaining four on the Probability part of the course; 2. two exercises, one of which on the Mathematical Analysis part and the other one on the Probability part of the course, both involving several questions. Each of the ten multiple choice questions has four alternative answers, only one of which is correct. A correct answer gives one point, a wrong answer gives 0 points. Hence, the maximum achievable score in this part of the exam is 10 points. Each exercise will involve several questions, either with open answer or with possible answers TRUE or FALSE. Each of this questions has an associated number of points and a wrong answer is penalised with -50% of the points associated to the question. If no answer is given, then there is no penalisation (0 points). The maximum total score achievable in the mathematical analysis exercise is 13 points, the maximum score achievable in the probability exercise is 9 points: both maximum scores can be achieved by answering correctly to ALL questions. The exam is passed if the total score is greater than or equal to 18, with at least 6 points scored in the mathematical analysis part and at least 4 points scored in the probability part. The final score corresponds to the final grade if its is less than or equal to 30. Score 31 corresponds to grade 30, score 32 to grade 30 e lode. The score will not be immediately available to the students at the end of the exam as the teachers will have to check the regularity of the exam. Any misconduct will be notified to the Commissione Disciplinare. Teachers have the possibility to ask for a supplementary oral exam at their discretion. Students who have passed the written exam with a score of 18 or higher can ask to be admitted to the oral exam. If an oral exam is asked and performed, it becomes part of the evaluation together with the written part. During an oral exam both theoretical questions (including, e.g., any definition, theorem, and proof covered during the course) and exercises may be asked. Upon an oral exam the student's grade might be increased, kept as is, or decreased, depending on her/his performance.

Lecture notes and slides will be made available on the course web page. Recommended textbook in probability: Ross, S. 'A first course in Probability', Pearson Ed., 2014 (or any other edition).

FOR THE 1st PART: - Knowledge of the basic principles of electrostatics and magnetostatics, of time-dependent electric and magnetic fields, of the Maxwell's equations, of the wave optics and of the electromagnetic waves - Ability to apply these knowledges to solve simple problems. FOR THE 2nd PART: - Preliminary knowledge of laws and principles of quantum mechanics, and of the electronic properties of solids - Ability to solve elementary problems of quantum mechanics

The 10 ECTs Course is proposed to students of Physical Engineering, of Electronic and Communication Engineering and of Computer Engineering. Aim of the course (1st semester, 2nd year) is to provide the theoretical concepts to be used in all courses of the following semesters. This is therefore a pivotal course for the ensuing career. The course is divided in two sections: - 1st part (6 ECTs-Electromagnetism and Optics), in which fundamental subjects of basic physics are treated, such as: electromagnetism and the Maxwell's equations, electromagnetic waves properties, physical optics, interference and diffraction. THIS PART IS for PHYSICAL ENGINEERING, for ELECTRIC and COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING and for COMPUTER ENGINEERING STUDENTS. - 2nd part (4 ECTs-Introduction to Modern Physics), in which the subjects involve: the crisis of classical mechanics, the transition to the fundaments of modern physics, with emphasis on quantum physics and its implications in terms of methods and practice. THIS PART IS ONLY for PHYSICAL ENGINEERING STUDENTS.

• 1st PART (6ECTs): ELECTROSTATICS (1 ECT) Static electric field in matter: conductors. Capacitance and capacitors. Energy density of the electric field. Dielectric materials: electrical polarization. Electric current. Conduction. Current intensity and current density. Direct current (DC). Resistance. Ohm’s law. Resistivity and conductivity. Electric power. Joule effect. MAGNETOSTATICS (1,5 ECTs) Magnetic field and magnetic induction. Second Maxwell’s equation. Force on a charge moving in a magnetic field: Lorentz’s force. Magnetic force on a current-carrying conductor. Sources of magnetic field. Field of a straight current-carrying conductor: Laplace’s law, and its applications. Magnetic field of a circular current loop. Magnetic dipole. Torque on, and potential energy of, a magnetic dipole in a magnetic field. Forces between parallel currents. Ampère’s law and its applications. Magnetic fields in matter: diamagnetism, paramagnetism and ferromagnetism. TIME-DEPENDENT ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS (2 ECTs) Faraday – Henry – Lenz law of electromagnetic induction and its applications. Third Maxwell’s equation. Inductance and self-inductance. Energy in an R-L circuit. Energy density of the magnetic field. Ampère-Maxwell law: fourth Maxwell’s equation. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES (1.5 ECTs) Wave equation for electric and magnetic field. General characteristics of a wave. Electromagnetic waves. Propagation and attenuation of the electromagnetic waves in conductors and dielectrics. Wave optics. Interference, electromagnetic waves interference and its applications. Diffraction: the basic principles. Fraunhofer’s theory of a double slit interference and of a single slit diffraction. Polarization of light: the basic principles. 2nd PART (4 ECTs): PHOTONS: e.m. radiation, blackbody radiation, photoelectric emission, stationary states PARTICLES: the dualism particles and wave packets, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, electrons in the double-slit experiment, SCHRODINGER: Wave function and probability density, Schrodinger equation, applications and exercises on the stationary Schrodinger equation, finite potential well, 3D potential box, the harmonic oscillator, potential barrier penetration. QUANTUM MECHANICS: Operators, eigenvalue equation, the time dependent Schrodinger equation, the angular momentum operators: L2 and Lz, the rigid rotator, the hydrogen atom INTRODUCTION TO SOLIDS: periodic potentials, the electron gas model, electrons in solids, the reciprocal space, Bloch’s theorem, dynamics (velocity and acceleration as a function of k), effective mass.

E' possibile sostenere l?esame in anticipo rispetto all?acquisizione della frequenza

1st PART suggested textbooks in English: * Giancoli, Physics for Scientists & Engineers with Modern Physics: Pearson New International Edition, 4/E * Alonso-Finn: Fundamental Physics, vol. II , Young and Freedman: University Physics with Modern Physics, Ed. Addison-Wesley, Halliday, Resnick, Krane: Physics, vol.2, Ed. Wiley, and many others: Fishbane, Tippler, Cutnell…. 1st PART suggested textbooks in Italian: * Mazzoldi, Nigro, Voci, FISICA vol. 2, ed. EdiSes, Mazzoldi, Nigro, Voci, Elementi di Fisica, Elettromagnetismo e onde, ed. EdiSes

Become familiar with analog electronics and electrical aspects of digital electronics. Design small analog systems from specifications. Design simple power supplies for electronic circuits. Design a digital circuit and the interface between it and a load. Understand the classic data acquisition systems and know how to design then from specifications.

This course is taught in English. The aim of the module is to learn to analyze and design circuits that are the base of today's electronic analog and digital systems. Building on the foundations provided by previous courses of electrical engineering, electronic devices and circuits, the operational amplifiers are first introduced and used in linear and nonlinear applications. The second topic covers linear and switching power supplies. Then we study the basic modes of operation of switching transistors and use them to analyze the structure of logic gates. The analysis of data acquisition systems completes the module.

Operational amplifiers (4 CFU) - structure of operational amplifiers with BJT and MOS: current mirror, differential stage, power stage. Power amplifiers with discrete components - Parasitic parameters of operational amplifiers, frequency response, stability - Linear circuits: amplifier, adder, instrumentation amplifier - Active filters: first order, second order, higher order; switched capacitor filter - Non-linear circuits: logarithmic amplifier, ideal diode - Threshold comparators, waveform generators, VCO - Sinusoidal oscillators: the Wien bridge, phase shift oscillator, three-point ' Power supplies (1,5 CFU) - Traditional structure with dissipative controller - Switching regulator Logic gates and switching circuits (2 CFU) - Bipolar and MOS switching transistors, switches, transmission gates, CMOS gates - Static and dynamic parameters of logic families, open drain and tri-state outputs, Schmitt trigger inputs - Interfacing with loads and optical isolation - And-Or-Invert ports, dynamic logic - Basic sequential circuits (latches, flip-flops, counter); dynamic behavior Data Acquisition Systems (1 CFU) - Elements of sampling theory, quantization; D / A converter (potentiometric, weighted resistors, R-2R ladder); A / D converter (flash, successive approximation, tracking); Sample & Hold (integrating)

Modalita di esame: Prova scritta (in aula); Prova orale facoltativa; Elaborato progettuale in gruppo;
Exam: Written test; Optional oral exam; Group project;
... The examination consists in a written exercise (time available: 30') which followed by an oral test (two questions). The written exercise is corrected at the beginning of the oral test. No textbooks or notes are allowed during the written exam. The mark obtained in the written exercise and oral test accounts for 80% of the final examination mark. The remaining 20% derives from the average of the evaluations of the reports of experimental exercises. This average is calculated on the best six reports of each student. If the student has made less than six reports, the missing reports are mediated by the value 0 / 30.

Several lecture notes in Italian covering almost the entire contents of the module are available on the official Politecnico website, where it is also possible to download the specs of the experimental exercises. For further details and discussions the recommended text is: Sedra / Smith, "Microelectronic Circuits", 5th ed. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514252-7

At the end of the course, the student will know the basic signal processing techniques like sampling, digital filtering and spectral estimation. The student will understand the relationship between theory and algorithms for signal processing applied to different engineering area including transmission, sensor data and basic audio processing. The student will be able to design and perform a Matlab-based development project on signal processing.

Signal processing is the treatment of signals to enable their recognition, classification, analysis, transmission, storing, processing, or enhancement. Such signals may come from many different sources, like sensors, speech, camera, mechanical process, biomedical instruments, and so on. This course aims to give the student an introduction to practical aspects of digital signal processing. The course is made by lectures which introduce a topic, followed by direct experimentation and algorithm implementation by Matlab. The course can be useful for students interested to apply signal processing to digital communication, electronics implementation, signal recognition and processing in different engineering areas.

The course will cover the following topics (10 hours each): - Sampling - Digital filtering - SIgnal correlation - Spectral estimation - Processing of signals from mechanical and bio sensors - Introduction to audio processing - Spread Spectrum and Code Division Multiple Access techniques (20 hours)

E' possibile sostenere l?esame in anticipo rispetto all?acquisizione della frequenza

Dutoit, Thierry, Marques, Ferran, "Applied Signal Processing: A MATLAB-Based Proof of Concept", Springer. Samuel D. Stearns, Donald R. Hush, "Digital Signal Processing with Examples in MATLAB, CRC Press. Course notes provided by the teacher.

-Knowledge of basic combinatorial circuits and their synthesis tools; - Knowledge of sequential circuits and their synthesis tools; -Knowledge and ability in the use of a Hardware Description Language such as VHDL: description and syntesis of digital blocks. -Knowledge of complex programming digital circuits (FPGAs); -Knowledge of memory structures and architectures, and their use in processing systems. - Basic knowledge of microcontrollers architectures and applications.

The course is optional in the BS-level programme in Electronic And Communications Engineering and is offered in the second period of the third year. It deals with the basics of Digital Electronics, covering all different aspects of digital design. The most important design methodologies related to basic digital circuits up to complex processing systems are shown and applied. The knowledges and the abilities developed in this module are necessary for the more advanced courses on digital systems.

• Combinatorial circuits: synthesis techinques for basic and arithmetic circuits (1 CFU) - Sequential circuits: elementary FSMs and complex control architectures (ASM charts) (2 CFU) - Hardware Description Languages (VHDL): statements, data structures and coding techniques for hardware description and modelling (2 CFU); - Memories: circuits, architectures and applications (1 CFU); - Microcontrollers: internal architecture, programming model and use; peripheral units (2 CFU);

Modalita di esame: Prova scritta (in aula); Prova orale obbligatoria; Elaborato progettuale in gruppo;
Exam: Written test; Compulsory oral exam; Group project;
... The written test includes three open answer questions and one design problem. The available time is 2 hours. The questions cover all course topics and they intend to verify the acquired knowledge and capabilities. The design problem requires to understand the initial specifications, to develop a detailed datapath architecture, to properly model the control unit, and to describe one or multiple elements by means of VHDL. No books and notes are admitted. Normally, the same weight is given to each question. However, the weight of questions that achieved a very low average mark may be slightly reduced. A mark at least equal to 18/30 is required to pass to the oral exam, which concerns both the subjects already covered in the written test and the discussion of the submitted projects. Normally, two questions are asked and one of them is about laboratory projects. The evaluation of laboratory projects is based on: - completeness, - adopted methodology - obtained results. The final grade is a weighted average of the written and oral exams (weighted 0.8) and lab reports (weighted 0.2).

The learning material used for the lessons is made available through the course website. This includes notes provided by the professor, datasheets of electronic components, free ebooks and past written tests. Reference books: "Fundamentals of Digital Logic with VHDL Design (Third Edition)" di Stephen Brown e Zvonko Vranesic , Mc Graw Hill.

The most important learning outcomes are: - knowledge of the main wireless and wired communication channels in terms of their attenuation and available bandwidth - knowledge of the methodologies to mathematically model electrical noise sources and their impact in transmission systems - ability to solve simple signal-to-noise ratio and power budget exercises - knowledge of the basic digital modulations - knowledge of linear distortion effects on digital modulations - ability to solve simple numerical design exercises on transmission systems - ability to program in Matlab some basic simulation algorithms for the emulation of the performance of digital transmission systems

This course introduces the mathematical foundations of modern digital transmission technologies. It focuses on the models and algorithms that are at the basis of all of today digital transmission links, such as smartphone communications or optical fiber links. Inside the general framework of the Bachelor degree in “Electronics and Communication Engineering� (ECE) this is one of the fundamental courses in the area of Telecommunications, giving the basic foundations on the physical layer of modern telecommunication systems, i.e. on the techniques that allow reliable transport of streams of bits from a digital transmitter to a digital receiver. The course is fully given in English.

• Introduction to wireless and wired communication channels in terms of attenuation and available bandwidth. (lessons: 4 hours) • Noise in electronic circuits (noise figure concepts) (lessons: 8 hours) • Baseband digital modulation (PAM), geometrical representation of signals, bit error probability (lessons: 12 hours) • Spectral properties of baseband digital modulation (lessons: 4 hours) • Inter-symbol Interference, Nyquist Theorem and introduction to adaptive equalization (lessons: 8 hours) • Passband modulation formats (PSK, QAM, FSK): bit error probability and spectral properties. (lessons: 10 hours) • Block diagram of digital receivers (lessons: 2 hours) • Final system examples: hints on the physical layer standards for ADSL and DVB-T (lessons: 2 hours) • Numerical exercises on each of the topics (16 hours) • Matlab simulations of some selected topics from the previous list (14 hours)

Modalita di esame: Prova scritta (in aula); Prova orale facoltativa; Elaborato scritto individuale;
Exam: Written test; Optional oral exam; Individual essay;
... The written exam is based on: - 2-3 numerical exercises, similar to those that will be solved during the course. - 2-3 theoretical questions, requiring a free-text answer. The exam will last two hours and it will be scored on a full scale up to 30. The evaluation of the written exam is based on the correct development of the proposed exercises from the description of the symbolic-formula solutions up to the numerical results. The theoretical questions will be judged according to the completeness of the answers, but also on the ability of the students to reply in a concise way. The (compulsory) report on the Matlab simulation will also be judged. This written exam is a “closed-book exam�. During the written exam the student can use only: • A pocket calculator (NO laptop, tablets etc. Any type of cellphone should be switched OFF) • A 4 pages (max) summary of formulas written by the student herself/himself (4 pages total, meaning 2 sheets if one writes on the front and back of each sheet) • Optionally, the tables of numerical values for the erfc function and of Fourier transforms • No other technical material is allowed (thus no books, handouts, old exercises, etc) The students who will get a score above 15/30 at the written exam can ask for an optional oral exam, where the questions will mostly regard the theoretical aspects of the course. The optional oral exam is always organized a few days after the written exams. It gives rise to -3 to +3 points that are added to the result of the written exam. The written exam proposes exercises that allows to judge if the student knows the topic of the course and is able to apply this knowledge to solve some simplified design examples on modern digital transmission systems. The open questions allows to judge if the student has acquired the most relevant theoretical topic of the course. During the written exam, the students will be allowed to carry with them a pocket calculator, paper and pen and two pages of formulas written by themselves. No other material will be allowed (such as laptops, handouts, etc).

The slides and the handouts followed during the classes will be available on the POLITO Didattica web portal. The official textbook for the first part on digital transmission is: • Benedetto, S., Biglieri, E., “Principles of Digital Transmission With Wireless Applications�, Kluwer Academic Publishers, eISBN: 9780306469619 The book is available in the POLITO library system, as reported in the following link: http://opac.biblio.polito.it/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000200305&local_base=PTOW When possible, the lecture will follow some chapters of the book and use the same notation.

Knowledge of the phenomena associated with dynamic electromagnetic fields, and in particular with time-harmonic fields, for the most relevant applications of information engineering: electronic components and subsystems for RF, microwave and millimeter waves, and wireless propagation at-large. Ability - to apply analytical methods to the system analysis - to apply simple design techniques to the above-mentioned applications of the electromagnetic fields - to measure scattering parameters using the vector network analyser - to measure an antenna radiation pattern and gain

The course is taught in English. The transport of information, in any electronic or photonic system, always occurs through the propagation of electromagnetic waves. These phenomena are completely described by Maxwell's equations, whose methodological study constitutes a fundamental point of the curriculum in electronic and telecommunications engineering. In addition to the classic applications in the field of radio frequency, microwave, millimeter-wave and optic communications, the continuous growth of electronic technology makes it necessary to consider properly the electromagnetic phenomena in the design of almost all the electronic components and subsystems.

• Transmission lines and distributed parameter components (3 CFU): line equations and their solution; Smith chart; impedance matching; scattering parameters and scattering matrix; transmission line transients. • Maxwell equations (1 CFU). • Electromagnetic wave propagation in metallic waveguides (1 CFU): propagation modes and their properties; rectangular waveguide; simple discontinuities and their use. • Electromagnetic wave propagation in homogeneous media: plane waves (1 CFU). • Electromagnetic wave radiation and antennas (2 CFU): radiation in free-space; antenna characteristic parameters, radio-link budget; introduction to antennas; dipoles.

Modalita di esame: Test informatizzato in laboratorio; Prova orale facoltativa;
Exam: Computer lab-based test; Optional oral exam;
... The exam consists of a 3 problem closed book written test (available time: 2h) with maximum score equal to 27/30 (the students cannot have solved exercises, notes or textbooks with them). To reach the maximum score it is possible either to sit an oral test or to complete the assigned homeworks.

D.M. Pozar, “Microwave Engineering�, Addison Wesley Antennas and Radiowave Propagation (Mcgraw Hill Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering) by Robert E. Collin Available on the web portal: information on course, course handouts, assigned problems.

Knowledge of uncertainty evaluation techniques, and ability to apply in them in basic measurement situations. Knowledge of the principle of operation of the most common laboratory instruments, and knowledge of the trade-offs required in an instrument design. Ability to employ the studied laboratory instrumentation in common electronic measurements.

This course has two main objectives. The first is to present a sound theory of uncertainty, according to current accepted international standards and practices, introducing also several advanced tools. The second is to introduce a number of fundamental instruments that are part of a typical electronic laboratory, describing their principle of operation, important specifications, sources of uncertainty and applications.

Uncertainty, a probabilistic approach: Introduction to the probabilistic approach, type B evaluation of the uncertainty, type A evaluation of uncertainty, propagation of uncertainty; 2 labs on the evaluation of the uncertainty (1.5 ECTS: 0.6 ECTS lectures, 0.3 ECTS exercises, 0.6 ECTS lab). Frequency synthesis and waveform generation: Properties of signal sources, oscillators, direct analogue synthesizers, indirect analogue synthesizers (phase-lock loops), direct digital synthesizers; 2 labs on PLLs and frequency counters (1.5 ECTS: 0.6 ECTS lectures, 0.3 ECTS exercises, 0.6 ECTS lab). Basic frequency counters: Time interval counter, frequency counter, period counter, reciprocal counter. High frequency counters: Prescaler, heterodyne converter, transfer oscillator (0.9 ECTS: 0.75 ECTS lectures, 0.15 ECTS exercises) . Spectrum analysers: Bank-of-filter analyser, swept-spectrum analyser, FFT analyser, hybrid analysers; 3 labs on spectrum analyzers (1.5 ECTS: 0.6 ECTS lectures, 0.9 ECTS labs). Digital multimeters: block diagram, integrating analog-to-digital converters (dual-slope and multi-slope) , resistance measurements, RMS-to-DC converters (thermal and analogue) (1.5 ECTS: 1.2 ECTS lectures, 0.3 ECTS exercises). Logic analyzers: principle and modes of operation; lab on logic analyzers (0.6 ECTS: 0.3 ECTS lectures, 0.3 ECTS lab). Introduction to reliability: terms and definitions, models of failure rates, reliability analysis for electronic components (0.5 ECTS).

Modalita di esame: Prova scritta (in aula); Prova orale obbligatoria;
Exam: Written test; Compulsory oral exam;
... The exam consists in a written test followed by an oral examination. The written test (2h30min) is composed of two problems (15 points each) in which students have to analyse or design a measurement set-up, evaluating uncertainties and discussing sources of errors. The written test is open books and students can use a scientific calculator. The minimum pass grade for the written test is 18/30. The oral examination (30-45 min) consists of two open questions about the operation of devices and instruments described in the course and their uncertainties: the student is expected to present the most significant aspects of the topic in a coherent and autonomous way. The grades of the two parts are averaged to yield the final grade. Students can optionally and individually deliver either a presentation (with slides) on one of the laboratory sessions of their choice or discuss a research paper (no slides, but the student can use their own notes on the paper). These optional activities (20-30 min) can grant up to 4 points to be added to the final grade.

Slide handouts on selected topics, exercises, homework assignments and laboratory manuals are available for download from the course website. There is no single reference textbook, but excerpts from the following additional texts are used as reference for specific topics: JCGM 100:2008, Evaluation of Measurement Data – Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. E. Rubiola, Phase Noise and Frequency Stability in Oscillators, Cambridge University Press, 2010. A. Chenakin, Frequency Synthesizers, Artech House Inc., 2011. P. Symons, Digital Waveform Generation, Cambridge University Press, 2014. M. Engelson, Modern Spectrum Analyzer: Theory and Applications, Artech House Inc., 1984 R. A. Witte, Spectrum and Network Measurements, SciTech Publishing Inc., 2014. L. Callegaro, Electrical Impedance: Principles, Measurement and Applications, CRC Press: Taylor and Francis, 2013.

Modalita di esame: Accertamento (esame senza voto);
Exam: Check;
... The graduation grade will be calculated starting from the average of the exams, excluding the worst 16 credits, to which a maximum of 5 additional points can be added, divided as follows: _2 points for the duration of studies #2 points for graduating within the November/December session of the 3rd year of enrollment; #1 point for graduating within the March/April session of the 4th year of enrollment; #0.5 points for graduating within the July or September session of the 4th year of enrollment. _3 points (maximum) for the academic career (meritorious path) #Honors ("lode"): 0.5 points for every 5 credits of exams with honors #Mobility: 1 point for each semester spent abroad #English path: 1 point from 16 to 60 ECTS in English; 2 points for more than 60 ECTS in English #Internship: 1 point if an internship is completed. If the final score is equal to or greater than 110.51, the student will be awarded the maximum grade of 110 with honors (110 cum laude).

At the end of the course the student will be able to: - Dynamically allocate memory, using pointers and dynamic data structures in C language - Evaluate algorithm complexity and improve efficiency in terms of execution time and/or memory allocation - Write standard algorithms to solve basic problems such as sorting, searching, etc. - Manipulate complex data structures, such as linked lists, stacks, queues, heaps, trees, hash tables and graphs - Write modular programs in C language adopting several programming paradigms such as recursive programming, greedy approaches, dynamic programming and memorization - Exploit tools for program development and problem solving, based on design of data structures and algorithms.

The course deepens the knowledge and skills in advanced programming, considered as a problem solving tool. The main goal is to guide the student to gradually evolve from more analytic to more design-oriented skills. The student will acquire adequate knowledge and skills in algorithms, data structures and their implementation in C to solve complex problems. Algorithmic solutions to "classical" problems are introduced, together with their theoretical foundations, and the implementations in C language. Advanced aspects of C are considered, like pointers, dynamic memory allocation, modularity and Abstract Data Type implementation. The student has the opportunity to analyze practical examples, describing solutions to complex problems, and the related algorithmic paradigms. Most of the knowledge and programming skills are experienced through practical exercises and laboratories.

• Review of basic language construct and basic problem solving (12h) • Algorithm analysis (3h) o Asymptotic worst-case complexity analysis o O, theta, omega notations o Recurrence equations • Sorting algorithms (6h) o Iterative sorting (bubble sort, selection sort, insertion sort, shell sort, counting sort) o Recursive sorting (mergesort, quicksort, heapsort) • Static and dynamic data structures and their implementation in C (13h) o Data representation in memory and runtime memory management o Pointers (or references to objects) o Static, on stack and dynamic memory allocation o Linked structures o Strategies for data structure selection • Modularity and modular implementation of algorithms and data structures (10h) o The implementation-interface-client model o Implementation in C of programs with multiple source and header files o Basic use of development and debug tools, like make, gdb, cvs • Recursion and recursive programs (10h) o The notion of recursion o Mathematical recursive functions o Simple recursive procedures o Backtrack and implementation of recursion • Discrete mathematics (2h) o Sets, relations, functions o Lists, graphs and trees • Abstract objects, collections of objects and ADTs (8h) o Modular examples of composed structures, like arrays of lists and multilists o Linked lists, stacks, FIFO queues, generalized queues, priority queues, heaps • Algorithmic paradigms (10h) o Divide and conquer o Greedy • Problem solving (18h) o Analysis and definition of strategies for data structures and algorithms o Search and optimization problems o Techniques to explore the state space based on combinatorics • Data structures for symbol tables (8h) o Binary search trees and extensions o Hash tables • Graph theory (18h) o Graph representation o Depth-first and breadth-first search and their applications o Applications of visits o Shortest paths o Minimum spanning trees.

Modalita di esame: Prova scritta in aula tramite PC con l'utilizzo della piattaforma di ateneo;
Exam: Computer-based written test in class using POLITO platform;
... The examination includes two separate parts: - A written test - An oral evaluation. The written test comprehends two parts: • Exercises/questions on theoretical aspects to check the acquired knowledge. • A programming part to check the acquired abilities and programming skills. The theory section: • Consists of 6 open questions or exercises on theory topics. • Amounts up to 10 (or 12) points on the final mark. • Has a minimum threshold of 6 points out of 12. • Has to be delivered after 60 minutes from the beginning of the written test. The programming section (lasting 120 minutes) is available in two different formats: • A complete design and development of a program in C to solve a problem, the emphasis being on problem-solving and design skills. This standard programming part has a maximum value of 18 points and a minimum threshold of 9 points. This test implies the design of a unique "standard and complex" C program to check the candidate knowledge of the C language syntax, data structures, algorithms, and program designing (problem-solving) ability. • A guided development of the solution to a problem, with less emphasis on design and problem-solving skills and more on the ability to use advanced C features (pointers, dynamic allocation, recursion) and on the knowledge of basic data structures and algorithms. This simplified programming part has a maximum value of 12 points and a minimum threshold of 6 points. This test is usually made-up by two o three "shorter and partial" C programs or C functions. Those exercises are aimed to check the knowledge of the candidate in terms of C language syntax, data structures, and algorithms but they are less demanding from the designing. i.e., problem-solving, point of view than the "standard" part. The two parts can be selected by the candidate in alternative (mixing is not allowed). Both modes require the same approach to the subject. The theory and programming written tests have to be taken during the same session. No books or notes are allowed during the examination. Laptop, cellular phones, etc. are forbidden. After the written test, all students have 3 working days to correct their program (programs) and check-it (them) out to carry out an auto-evaluation. If the student finally decides to take the exam, he/she has to deliver the final working (complete and debugged version of the) program (programs) to the teacher, following the written rules specified during the class. More specifically, each student must: • Make a copy of the program at the end of the written part (using carbon copy paper or camera). • Verify the correctness of the program. • Upload on the course web page within 3 working days: a report (max 3 pages) describing the solution (data structures, algorithm, etc.) and a copy of the working program, showing the changes with respect to the version handed in for ranking. Detailed notes on how to prepare the required material and on how to upload it on the portal web page are posted on the theacher's web page. In case the above material is not uploaded, the written exam will not be ranked. Notice that, to take the exam, it is mandatory to deliver a working program (more working programs if the simplified version of the programming part has been selected), even if the evaluation is made on the written text delivered during the test and not on the program written at home. To be able to implement at home the program developed during the written test, students are invited to take with them a photo camera (or a cell-phone with camera) or some copy-paper. The oral examination is the final part of the exam. Students who failed the written test, i.e., have a mark smaller than 15/30, are invited not to take the oral examination and to re-take the entire exam during the next examination session. Students with a written test mark larger than 15/30 and smaller than 18/30 must take the oral examination to pass the exam. For all other students the oral examination is optional. This means that, from the one hand, these students have the discretion to ask for the oral examination to improve their final mark but, on the other one, that the teacher has the right to demand an oral examination to any student he may have evaluation doubts on. Notice, however, that the oral examination (in all cases) can adjust the written mark in both the positive and the negative direction, such that the final mark will range from fail to 30 with honor. The oral examination checks the capacity of the student to explain his/her design choices, to use correct technical terms, and to describe algorithms. It consists in: • Questions on all the topics of the course, the goal being to rank the grade of theoretical knowledge. • Programs in C to evaluate skills related to the implementation and manipulation of data structures by means of advanced C programming constructs and to the implementation of variants of standard algorithms. • Questions on uploaded laboratory exercises.

Handouts and slides used during the classroom lessons are available on the teacher or course WEB site. The World Wide Web is also an excellent source of material for almost all topics introduced in the class (see Wikipedia, for example). Among the printed material, during the class, we make explicit usage of the following books: • T. H. Cormen, C. E. Leiserson, R. L. Rivest, C. Stein, “Introduction to Algorithms�, McGraw-Hill. • S. Quer, "Advanced Programming and Problem-Solving Strategies in C. Part II: Algorithms and Data Structures", 2nd Edition, 2018, CLUT • S. Quer, "Advanced Programming and Problem-Solving Strategies in C. Part IV: Exam-Based Problems", 2nd eEdition, 2018, CLUT Other sources are the followings: • R. Sedgewick, “Algorithms in C, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structures, Sorting, Searching� Addison-Wesley Professional. • R. Sedgewick, “Algorithms in C, Part 5: Graph Algorithms�, Addison-Wesley Professional. • P. Prinz, T. Crawford, "C in a Nutchell (The Definitive Reference)", O'Reilly.

The specific knowledge and abilities that the student will acquire are: - Knowledge of the classification of signals. - Knowledge of frequency analysis for continuous-time signals. - Knowledge of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems, as well as of their representation in the time and frequency domains. - Knowledge of the basic types of signal filters. - Knowledge of the analytic signals and systems representation and ability to use it properly. - Knowledge of random signals (called random processes), of their statistical characterization and of their spectral representation. - Ability to classify signals with respect to their properties. - Ability to transform and analyze a signal in the time and frequency domains. - Ability to classify and analyze a LTI system in the time and frequency domains. - Ability to statistically describe a random process and to characterize its spectral properties, as well as its interactions with LTI systems. - Knowledge of the techniques for passing from a continuous-time to discrete-time signal, and vice-versa. - Knowledge of the techniques for digital processing of a signal in the frequency domain. - Knowledge of the techniques for discrete-time processing of digital signals in the frequency domain. - Knowledge of the techniques for analysis of LTI systems in discrete-time, and of the Z-transform. - Knowledge of digital filters structures (FIR, IIR) - Ability to pass from discrete time to continuous time signals, and vice-versa. - Ability to process discrete-time signals and systems in the time and z-domain. - Ability to analyze discrete-time LTI systems. The final project will allow the student - to get a better understanding of the concepts of random process, of stationarity, cyclostationarity and ergodicity - to practically learn the structure of the communication link - to improve critical thinking - to acquire the ability to write report - to improve the ability to communicate ideas and methods, and to critically comment the results.

The class describes the main fundamental analysis and processing techniques for deterministic and random continuous-time signals (first part), and for deterministic and random discrete-time signals (second part). The topics are quite multidisciplinary in the sense that these notions and techniques are used in many of the classes that follow. For the final project, each student will develop a simple Matlab simulator of a communication link.

Topics dealt with in the class: - Signal classification; energy and power (0.4 CFU) - Linear and inner-product spaces, signal spaces, signal canonical representation and approximants (0.8 CFU) - Fourier series and transform (0.8 CFU) - Linear Time Invariant (LTI) systems, impulse response and transfer function (1 CFU) - Analytic (complex) signals and systems representation (0.4 CFU). - DSB (Double-Side Band) and AM (Amplitude Modulation) Transmission Systems, PLL (Phase-Locked Loop), (1 CFU) - Energy spectrum and autocorrelation function. Periodic signals and power spectral density (1 CFU) - Random processes (2 CFU) - Sampling theorem (0.4 CFU) - Discrete time signals: basic operations, energy and power (0.3 CFU) - Discrete time Fourier transform, circular convolution, discrete time Fourier transform (0.9s CFU) - Discrete time LTI systems: time and frequency analysis, Z transform based analysis (1 CFU) (CFUs are indicative – variations are possible.)

Modalita di esame: Prova orale obbligatoria;
Exam: Compulsory oral exam;
... The final exam consists of a mandatory written test, a mandatory project and report and an optional oral test. The written test lasts two hours and is made up of three to five questions or problems that may involve theoretical aspects, proofs of results, or solving computational problems. The written test is "closed books", although students are given a standard "table of formulas" which they can consult. Students are allowed to use a non-programmable non-graphic pocket calculator. The device must be stand-alone and not consist of an app on a smart-phone, tablet, or similar. Any device that can connect to the internet is strictly forbidden. The questions and problems of the written test will deal with all three main sections of the class: deterministic time-continuous signals and linear systems, discrete-time signals and linear systems, random processes. The written test is meant to verify that students have acquired the knowledge of the fundamental concepts of Signal Theory and related Systems and the skills needed to classify, manipulate and process them. The written test maximum grade is 30/30. The optional oral exam can be taken by students whose written test is sufficient (18/30 or higher). Besides further probing the students’ knowledge, it will also focus on their ability to use the appropriate technical terms and their promptness in providing the answers. The oral test maximum grade is 30/30. The final project is compulsory and consists of developing the Matlab code that implements a simple application of the methods and techniques learned in the course. The report should concisely and clearly: - describe the methodology used to solve the problem - illustrate the structure of the code written to implement the solution - show some of the main results and discuss them. It is meant to assess the ability of the students to confront a practical design problem on their own and to show their soft-skills proficiency (in particular, writing skills). The final project maximum grade is 30/30. The final exam grade is awarded by summing the following: - the written exam grade, multiplied times 7/10 - the final project grade, multiplied by 2/10 - the optional oral exam grade, multiplied by 1/10 However, it is mandatory to have a sufficient written test grade (18/30 or higher) to pass the exam, irrespective of the final project grade. Particularly brilliant students may be awarded the grade 30/30 with “lode�.

1. P. Poggiolini and M. Visintin, Class Notes on Signal Analysis and Processing (downloadable from the course portal). For further (optional) reading: 2. A. Papoulis e S. U. Pillai, Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes, McGraw-Hill, 2002. 3. A.V.Oppenheim R.W.Schafer: Discrete-Time Signal Processing, Prentice-Hall (any edition) 4. Luca Mesin, Introduction to signal theory, CLUT. Available in Italian, again as optional material: 5. L. Lo Presti e F. Neri, L'analisi dei segnali, CLUT, 1992. 6. L. Lo Presti e F. Neri, Introduzione ai processi casuali, CLUT, 1992. 7. M. Laddomada e M. Mondin, Elaborazione numerica dei segnali, Pearson, 2007.

Le informazioni dettagliate sull’insegnamento tirocinio sono consultabili sulla GUIDA STUDENTI, sezione TIROCINIO, dell’anno accademico in corso.

Modalita di esame: Accertamento (esame senza voto);
Exam: Check;

Le informazioni dettagliate sull’insegnamento tirocinio sono consultabili sulla GUIDA STUDENTI, sezione TIROCINIO, dell’anno accademico in corso.

Modalita di esame: Accertamento (esame senza voto);
Exam: Check;