Archaeological Materials Science - Scienza dei Materiali Archeologici

Aim of this unit is to provide students with the ability to: - Understand of the physical and chemical properties of ceramic, faience and glass; ores, metals and alloys; textile or paper fibers; and constituent materials in paint films – colouring materials and binding media. - Apply spectrometric techniques, i.e. ultra violet-visible and infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and interpret the results; - Apply chromatographic analysis, i.e. high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, and interpret the results. - The unit will have a practical approach and will be based on a number of actual case studies currently being investigated by researchers at AUTH ARCHMAT partners institutions and invited scholars from leading institutions worldwide.

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
Modulo: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
The unit on Analytical Chemistry Applications aims at providing students with a detailed overview of different methods and analytical techniques used for scientific investigation applied to archaeological area, i.e. high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. It discusses the nature of the analysis, the level of the analytical work, the results obtained and their interpretation. The students are also be introduced to basic sample preparation.

Modulo: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Syllabus

The module on Properties of Materials aims at providing students with a detailed overview of the physical properties of parchment and leather; ceramics and faience; ores, metals and alloys; textile or paper fibres; and constituent materials in paint films – colouring materials and binding media. Lectures on Characterisation of Materials aim at providing students with a detailed overview of the principles and applications of several spectrometric methods. Students are introduced to the application of spectrometric techniques used for scientific investigation applied to archaeological area, i.e. ultra violet-visible and infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and EPS spectroscopy, and proceed to interpretation of results.

Modulo: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
N/D
Modulo: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
N/D

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Modulo: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
The unit on Analytical Chemistry Applications aims at providing students with a detailed overview of different methods and analytical techniques used for scientific investigation applied to archaeological area, i.e. high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. It discusses the nature of the analysis, the level of the analytical work, the results obtained and their interpretation. The students are also be introduced to basic sample preparation.

Modulo: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Syllabus

The module on Properties of Materials aims at providing students with a detailed overview of the physical properties of parchment and leather; ceramics and faience; ores, metals and alloys; textile or paper fibres; and constituent materials in paint films – colouring materials and binding media. Lectures on Characterisation of Materials aim at providing students with a detailed overview of the principles and applications of several spectrometric methods. Students are introduced to the application of spectrometric techniques used for scientific investigation applied to archaeological area, i.e. ultra violet-visible and infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and EPS spectroscopy, and proceed to interpretation of results.

Modulo: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
N/D
Modulo: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
N/D

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
Modulo: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
Final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Modulo: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
Final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
Modulo: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
N/D
Modulo: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
N/D

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Modulo: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
N/D
Modulo: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
N/D

Aim of this unit is to provide students with the ability to:

• Understand of the physical and chemical properties of ceramic, faience and glass; ores, metals and alloys; textile or paper fibers; and constituent materials in paint films – colouring materials and binding media.
• Apply spectrometric techniques, i.e. ultra violet-visible and infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and interpret the results;
• Apply chromatographic analysis, i.e. high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, and interpret the results.
• The unit will have a practical approach and will be based on a number of actual case studies currently being investigated by researchers at AUTH ARCHMAT partners institutions and invited scholars from leading institutions worldwide.

Modulo: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
Aim of this course is to provide students with the ability to:

• Understand of the physical and chemical properties of ceramic, faience and glass; ores, metals and alloys; textile or paper fibers; and constituent materials in paint films – colouring materials and binding media.
• Apply spectrometric techniques, i.e. ultra violet-visible and infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and interpret the results;
• Apply chromatographic analysis, i.e. high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, and interpret the results.
• The unit will have a practical approach and will be based on a number of actual case studies currently being investigated by researchers at AUTH ARCHMAT partners institutions and invited scholars from leading institutions worldwide.

Modulo: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Aim of this course is to provide students with the ability to:

• Understand of the physical and chemical properties of ceramic, faience and glass; ores, metals and alloys; textile or paper fibers; and constituent materials in paint films – colouring materials and binding media.
• Apply spectrometric techniques, i.e. ultra violet-visible and infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and interpret the results;
• Apply chromatographic analysis, i.e. high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, and interpret the results.
• The unit will have a practical approach and will be based on a number of actual case studies currently being investigated by researchers at AUTH ARCHMAT partners institutions and invited scholars from leading institutions worldwide.

Modulo: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
The unit on Analytical Chemistry Applications aims at providing students with a detailed overview of different methods and analytical techniques used for scientific investigation applied to archaeological area, i.e. high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. It discusses the nature of the analysis, the level of the analytical work, the results obtained and their interpretation. The students are also be introduced to basic sample preparation.

Modulo: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Syllabus

The module on Properties of Materials aims at providing students with a detailed overview of the physical properties of parchment and leather; ceramics and faience; ores, metals and alloys; textile or paper fibres; and constituent materials in paint films – colouring materials and binding media. Lectures on Characterisation of Materials aim at providing students with a detailed overview of the principles and applications of several spectrometric methods. Students are introduced to the application of spectrometric techniques used for scientific investigation applied to archaeological area, i.e. ultra violet-visible and infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and EPS spectroscopy, and proceed to interpretation of results.

Modulo: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
N/D
Modulo: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
N/D

Modulo: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
Final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
N/D
Modulo: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
N/D

This course is intended to provide students coming from a Science academic background with theoretical and practical basic knowledge and skills to:

• Grasp and understand the past through its material culture;
• Develop ability to perceive the physical space;
• Ability to identify the main material and cultural features of different archaeological periods.
• Understand basic archaeological excavation principles and techniques in theory and in the field.

Modulo: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
The course intends to provide students with a broad understanding of the birth and importance of Megalithic Culture in Portugal, Europe and worldwide in terms of its Architecture, Spoils, Timelines, Raw material, Relationships between man and the ecosystem in the past, Process of selection of preferred areas for construction of funerary monuments.

Modulo: EXCAVATION METHODS
The course intends to provide students with a broad understanding of the birth and importance of Megalithic Culture in Portugal, Europe and worldwide in terms of its Architecture, Spoils, Timelines, Raw material, Relationships between man and the ecosystem in the past, Process of selection of preferred areas for construction of funerary monuments.

Modulo: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
Syllabus

• Preparing students for the direction of archaeological work
• knowing the telltale traces of human activity, from prehistory to the present: a) settlement patterns, b) archaeological materials, c) housing structures d) defensive structures, e) other traces.
• Fostering critical readings on archaeological contexts.

Modulo: EXCAVATION METHODS
Syllabus

1) Different excavation methods in archeology;

2) The archaeological record (drawing, photographs, 3D surveys);

3) Material processing in the laboratory;

4) Report Writing;

Modulo: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
N/D
Modulo: EXCAVATION METHODS
N/D

Modulo: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
Syllabus

• Preparing students for the direction of archaeological work
• knowing the telltale traces of human activity, from prehistory to the present: a) settlement patterns, b) archaeological materials, c) housing structures d) defensive structures, e) other traces.
• Fostering critical readings on archaeological contexts.

Modulo: EXCAVATION METHODS
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: EXCAVATION METHODS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
N/D
Modulo: EXCAVATION METHODS
N/D

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: - Follow judiciously the newest updates in the conservation science/archaeometry field by attending specialized theoretical and field-based seminars on selected topics by leading experts from the ARCHMAT Consortium and leading Research Institution in Europe and beyond - Apply state-of-the-art methods and techniques in their specific field of interest.

THEMATIC SEMINARS
Modulo: THEMATIC SEMINARS
Syllabus

The unit Thematic seminars will be organised by focusing on a specific topic for each edition of the ARCHMAT EMJMD and will see the participation of leading invited scholars from and outside the ARCHMAT Consortium. The unit aims at acquainting students with new methodologies and techniques used in conservation science and management of archaeological sites and provide students with an overview of current cutting-edge research in the field of Archaeometry and Conservation Science.

Ethics and principles in Materials conservation: Towards compatible restoration. Methodology for analysis and design materials for building conservation. Analysis of materials in paintings of the cultural heritage using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Dyes and organic pigments in objects of the cultural heritage. Origin and identification using liquid chromatography. Superhydrophobic coatings for the protection of natural stone. Non-Destructive Testing techniques for the characterization and the diagnosis of the decay of physical building materials. Study of the effectiveness of consolidation techniques using methods of calculating the transmission velocity of elastic waves (ultrasonics). Nanoscience for the Conservation of Works of Art. Inorganic Nanomaterials for the Consolidation of Wall Paintings and Stones. Geopolymers and Hybrid Nanocomposites

Modulo: TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
The module Technical field visits will be organised with the participation of the whole consortium. Technical visits will include visits to archaeological sites, museums, and research centres. The unit aims at acquainting students with the methodologies and techniques used in Archaeometry and Conservation Science, while taking into account the newest updates in the field, and at conducting them in applying this knowledge and these competences in their specific field of interest.

Modulo: THEMATIC SEMINARS
N/D
Modulo: TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
N/D

TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
Modulo: THEMATIC SEMINARS
Syllabus

The unit Thematic seminars will be organised by focusing on a specific topic for each edition of the ARCHMAT EMJMD and will see the participation of leading invited scholars from and outside the ARCHMAT Consortium. The unit aims at acquainting students with new methodologies and techniques used in conservation science and management of archaeological sites and provide students with an overview of current cutting-edge research in the field of Archaeometry and Conservation Science.

Ethics and principles in Materials conservation: Towards compatible restoration. Methodology for analysis and design materials for building conservation. Analysis of materials in paintings of the cultural heritage using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Dyes and organic pigments in objects of the cultural heritage. Origin and identification using liquid chromatography. Superhydrophobic coatings for the protection of natural stone. Non-Destructive Testing techniques for the characterization and the diagnosis of the decay of physical building materials. Study of the effectiveness of consolidation techniques using methods of calculating the transmission velocity of elastic waves (ultrasonics). Nanoscience for the Conservation of Works of Art. Inorganic Nanomaterials for the Consolidation of Wall Paintings and Stones. Geopolymers and Hybrid Nanocomposites

Modulo: TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
The module Technical field visits will be organised with the participation of the whole consortium. Technical visits will include visits to archaeological sites, museums, and research centres. The unit aims at acquainting students with the methodologies and techniques used in Archaeometry and Conservation Science, while taking into account the newest updates in the field, and at conducting them in applying this knowledge and these competences in their specific field of interest.

Modulo: THEMATIC SEMINARS
N/D
Modulo: TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
N/D

THEMATIC SEMINARS
Modulo: THEMATIC SEMINARS
Technical report and presentation in class

Modulo: TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
Technical report and presentation in class

TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
Modulo: THEMATIC SEMINARS
Technical report and presentation in class

Modulo: TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
Technical report and presentation in class

THEMATIC SEMINARS
Modulo: THEMATIC SEMINARS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: THEMATIC SEMINARS
N/D
Modulo: TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
N/D

TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
Modulo: THEMATIC SEMINARS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: THEMATIC SEMINARS
N/D
Modulo: TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
N/D

This course aims to provide students coming from a Humanities academic background (archaeology, Conservation, Art History) with the basic principles in Chemistry (including Biochemistry), Geology (Petrography and Mineralogy), Physics (Properties of the Matter, Electromagnetic Radiation) needed for them to understand the scientific methodologies and techniques used in archaeometry research field.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
Introduction. Basic concepts of Atomic Physics. Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity. Anthropogenic or natural radioactivity as archaeological signature and/or clock.

Earth Materials: the rock cycle. Basic of Principles of Petrography: Igneous, Metamorphic and Sedimentary Rocks. Basic Principles of mineralogy.

Physical properties and techniques of matter. Electromagnetic radiation; light, UV, IR, X-rays: nature and properties. X-ray Absorption and Fluorescence. X-rays Synchrotron Radiation and its applications in Cultural Heritage. Introduction to Spectroscopy.

Introduction to isotopes and their use in Archaeometry: isotope separation, fractionation and analysis.

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
This course aims to provide students coming from a Humanities academic background (archaeology, Conservation, Art History) with the basic principles in Chemistry (including Biochemistry), Geology (Petrography and Mineralogy), Physics (Properties of the Matter, Electromagnetic Radiation) needed for them to understand the scientific methodologies and techniques used in archaeometry research field.

Syllabus

• Basic concepts of chemistry and biochemistry: Atoms and molecules; chemical nomenclature and states. Atomic Orbitals. Electronic configuration. Elements, compounds and mixtures: classification of matter. Chemical equilibria and bonding. Introduction to Periodic Table of elements.
• Chemical reactions: Acid/base, Redox reactions. Introduction to chemical kinetics. Principles of organic chemistry. Proteins and Carbohydrates. Fermentation Processes.

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
N/D
Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
N/D

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
Introduction. Basic concepts of Atomic Physics. Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity. Anthropogenic or natural radioactivity as archaeological signature and/or clock.

Earth Materials: the rock cycle. Basic of Principles of Petrography: Igneous, Metamorphic and Sedimentary Rocks. Basic Principles of mineralogy.

Physical properties and techniques of matter. Electromagnetic radiation; light, UV, IR, X-rays: nature and properties. X-ray Absorption and Fluorescence. X-rays Synchrotron Radiation and its applications in Cultural Heritage. Introduction to Spectroscopy.

Introduction to isotopes and their use in Archaeometry: isotope separation, fractionation and analysis.

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
This course aims to provide students coming from a Humanities academic background (archaeology, Conservation, Art History) with the basic principles in Chemistry (including Biochemistry), Geology (Petrography and Mineralogy), Physics (Properties of the Matter, Electromagnetic Radiation) needed for them to understand the scientific methodologies and techniques used in archaeometry research field.

Syllabus

• Basic concepts of chemistry and biochemistry: Atoms and molecules; chemical nomenclature and states. Atomic Orbitals. Electronic configuration. Elements, compounds and mixtures: classification of matter. Chemical equilibria and bonding. Introduction to Periodic Table of elements.
• Chemical reactions: Acid/base, Redox reactions. Introduction to chemical kinetics. Principles of organic chemistry. Proteins and Carbohydrates. Fermentation Processes.

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
N/D
Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
N/D

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
final examination: written assignments

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
final examination: written assignments

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
N/D
Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
N/D

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
N/D
Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
N/D

This course aims to provide students coming from a Humanities academic background (archaeology, Conservation, Art History) with the basic principles in Chemistry (including Biochemistry), Geology (Petrography and Mineralogy), Physics (Properties of the Matter, Electromagnetic Radiation) needed for them to understand the scientific methodologies and techniques used in archaeometry research field.

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
This course aims to provide students, in particular those coming from a Humanities background with the basic aspects of inorganic and organic chemistry, physics and geology, insofar bridging the gap between archaeology and science by integrating a solid background in the physical and chemical aspects of the materials used in the artefacts making, with an introduction to the scientific techniques used for their analysis.

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
This course aims to provide students, in particular those coming from a Humanities background with the basic aspects of inorganic and organic chemistry, physics and geology, insofar bridging the gap between archaeology and science by integrating a solid background in the physical and chemical aspects of the materials used in the artefacts making, with an introduction to the scientific techniques used for their analysis.

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
Introduction. Basic concepts of Atomic Physics. Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity. Anthropogenic or natural radioactivity as archaeological signature and/or clock.

Earth Materials: the rock cycle. Basic of Principles of Petrography: Igneous, Metamorphic and Sedimentary Rocks. Basic Principles of mineralogy.

Physical properties and techniques of matter. Electromagnetic radiation; light, UV, IR, X-rays: nature and properties. X-ray Absorption and Fluorescence. X-rays Synchrotron Radiation and its applications in Cultural Heritage. Introduction to Spectroscopy.

Introduction to isotopes and their use in Archaeometry: isotope separation, fractionation and analysis.

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
This course aims to provide students coming from a Humanities academic background (archaeology, Conservation, Art History) with the basic principles in Chemistry (including Biochemistry), Geology (Petrography and Mineralogy), Physics (Properties of the Matter, Electromagnetic Radiation) needed for them to understand the scientific methodologies and techniques used in archaeometry research field.

Syllabus

• Basic concepts of chemistry and biochemistry: Atoms and molecules; chemical nomenclature and states. Atomic Orbitals. Electronic configuration. Elements, compounds and mixtures: classification of matter. Chemical equilibria and bonding. Introduction to Periodic Table of elements.
• Chemical reactions: Acid/base, Redox reactions. Introduction to chemical kinetics. Principles of organic chemistry. Proteins and Carbohydrates. Fermentation Processes.

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
N/D
Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
N/D

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
final examination: written assignments

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
N/D
Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
N/D

This course aims to provide students coming from a Humanities academic background (archaeology, Conservation, Art History) with the basic principles in Chemistry (including Biochemistry), Geology (Petrography and Mineralogy), Physics (Properties of the Matter, Electromagnetic Radiation) needed for them to understand the scientific methodologies and techniques used in archaeometry research field.

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
This course aims to provide students, in particular those coming from a Humanities background with the basic aspects of inorganic and organic chemistry, physics and geology, insofar bridging the gap between archaeology and science by integrating a solid background in the physical and chemical aspects of the materials used in the artefacts making, with an introduction to the scientific techniques used for their analysis.

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
This course aims to provide students, in particular those coming from a Humanities background with the basic aspects of inorganic and organic chemistry, physics and geology, insofar bridging the gap between archaeology and science by integrating a solid background in the physical and chemical aspects of the materials used in the artefacts making, with an introduction to the scientific techniques used for their analysis.

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
Introduction. Basic concepts of Atomic Physics. Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity. Anthropogenic or natural radioactivity as archaeological signature and/or clock.

Earth Materials: the rock cycle. Basic of Principles of Petrography: Igneous, Metamorphic and Sedimentary Rocks. Basic Principles of mineralogy.

Physical properties and techniques of matter. Electromagnetic radiation; light, UV, IR, X-rays: nature and properties. X-ray Absorption and Fluorescence. X-rays Synchrotron Radiation and its applications in Cultural Heritage. Introduction to Spectroscopy.

Introduction to isotopes and their use in Archaeometry: isotope separation, fractionation and analysis.

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
This course aims to provide students coming from a Humanities academic background (archaeology, Conservation, Art History) with the basic principles in Chemistry (including Biochemistry), Geology (Petrography and Mineralogy), Physics (Properties of the Matter, Electromagnetic Radiation) needed for them to understand the scientific methodologies and techniques used in archaeometry research field.

Syllabus

• Basic concepts of chemistry and biochemistry: Atoms and molecules; chemical nomenclature and states. Atomic Orbitals. Electronic configuration. Elements, compounds and mixtures: classification of matter. Chemical equilibria and bonding. Introduction to Periodic Table of elements.
• Chemical reactions: Acid/base, Redox reactions. Introduction to chemical kinetics. Principles of organic chemistry. Proteins and Carbohydrates. Fermentation Processes.

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
N/D
Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
N/D

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
final examination: written assignments

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND GEOLOGY
N/D
Modulo: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
N/D

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

• Understand the methods for assessing earthquake destruction in archaeological sites;
• Understand the effects of uncontrolled environmental conditions on artistic and historic artefacts;
• Understand the sources and causes of biodeterioration and their relationship to the intrinsic properties of the materials involved;
• Understand the need for constant environmental monitoring of archaeological sites and monuments

Modulo: DETERIORATION FACTORS
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

• Understand the methods for assessing earthquake destruction in archaeological sites; Understand the effects of uncontrolled environmental conditions on artistic and historic artefacts;
• Understand the sources and causes of biodeterioration and their relationship to the intrinsic properties of the materials involved;
• Understand the need for constant environmental monitoring of archaeological sites and monuments.

Modulo: PRESERVATION METHODS
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

• Understand the methods for assessing earthquake destruction in archaeological sites; Understand the effects of uncontrolled environmental conditions on artistic and historic artefacts;
• Understand the sources and causes of biodeterioration and their relationship to the intrinsic properties of the materials involved;
• Understand the need for constant environmental monitoring of archaeological sites and monuments.

Modulo: DETERIORATION FACTORS
The unit on Management of Risks aims at providing students with a detailed overview of major natural risks, such as earthquake destruction in archaeological sites, and their assessment. In addition, the unit introduces the distinctive environmental parameters that affect artistic and historic artefacts, as well as the mechanisms and phenomenology of biodeterioration of composite systems (such as paintings, manuscripts and textiles), and the effects caused by the different behaviour of materials in such systems. Biological deterioration. Lichens in archaeological sites and monuments. Factors affecting lichen colonization. Biological Cleaning. Preventive conservation

Modulo: PRESERVATION METHODS
The unit on Preventive Conservation aims at providing students with an overview of preventive conservation of archaeological sites and monuments. It deals with active and passive environmental control and monitoring of critical parameters in open-air situations, including preventive control in archaeological areas. The unit further deals with the various aspects of preventive conservation of museum environments. Finally, students are acquainted with the principles and applications of optical microscopy in the examination of environmentally affected artefacts. Introduction to the preservation methods. Related bibliography and Ιnternational Organisations. Documentation methods of archaeological materials- conservator approach. Conservation materials. Deterioration factors of organic archaeological materials. Burial environment. Environmental parameters- documentation- control-solutions. Techniques and materials of storage archaeological materials.

Modulo: DETERIORATION FACTORS
N/D
Modulo: PRESERVATION METHODS
N/D

Modulo: DETERIORATION FACTORS
Final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: PRESERVATION METHODS
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: DETERIORATION FACTORS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: PRESERVATION METHODS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: DETERIORATION FACTORS
N/D
Modulo: PRESERVATION METHODS
N/D

This course is intended to provide students with basic theoretical and practical knowledge on a set of innovative, state of the art IT, Bio-chemical, Chemical, Geo-Physical and Image Processing techniques currently being applied in Archaeology and the study of Archaeological and Cultural Heritage materials. Students will be able to develop critical thinking in assessing the potential and limitations inherent to the technologies studied in order to be able to correctly apply them to real case studies.

Modulo: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
This course is intended provide students with the tools to master a set of new IT technologies applied to archaeology and archaeological materials in order to apply them in concrete situations of practical archaeological work. They should also be able to develop critical thinking in assessing the potential and limitations inherent in the data base, the archaeological drawing and digital mapping.

Modulo: LABORATORY PRACTICE
This course is intended provide students with the tools to master a set of new IT technologies applied to archaeology and archaeological materials in order to apply them in concrete situations of practical archaeological work. They should also be able to develop critical thinking in assessing the potential and limitations inherent in the data base, the archaeological drawing and digital mapping.

Modulo: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES

• Introduction to IT techniques applied to archaeology and the study of Cultural Heritage objects.
• Drawing archaeological materials, plant design, sections, elevations; topographical plant design. Skills: ability to use information technology and computer facilities, ability to work under present digital format.
• Components and features of different types of software programs such as Adobe - Photoshop CS; Adobe - Illustrator CS; Corel.
• Introduction to Virtual Archaeology and digital techniques applied to Museum exhibitions.

Modulo: LABORATORY PRACTICE
Practical Laboratory classes in various chemical analytical techniques available at the HERCULES Laboratory of the University of Évora (a list of analytical instruments is available at http://www.hercules.uevora.pt/analytical-infrastructure.php) applied to the study of Cultural Heritage objects and Archaeometry. Students will be involved in currently running research projects and involved in the analysis of archaeological materials gaining first-hand preliminary experience in sample preparation and running of the following techniques: SEM+EDS, Raman Spectroscopy, LA-ICP-MS, IRMS, FT-IR Spectroscopy, XRF, XRD, GC and LC- MS, Biochemical analysis.

Modulo: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
N/D
Modulo: LABORATORY PRACTICE
N/D

Modulo: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: LABORATORY PRACTICE
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: LABORATORY PRACTICE
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
N/D
Modulo: LABORATORY PRACTICE
N/D

This course is intended to provide students with basic theoretical and practical knowledge on a set of innovative, state of the art IT, Bio-chemical, Chemical, Geo-Physical and Image Processing techniques currently being applied in Archaeology and the study of Archaeological and Cultural Heritage materials. Students will be able to develop critical thinking in assessing the potential and limitations inherent to the technologies studied in order to be able to correctly apply them to real case studies.

DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
Modulo: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES

• Introduction to IT techniques applied to archaeology and the study of Cultural Heritage objects.
• Drawing archaeological materials, plant design, sections, elevations; topographical plant design. Skills: ability to use information technology and computer facilities, ability to work under present digital format.
• Components and features of different types of software programs such as Adobe - Photoshop CS; Adobe - Illustrator CS; Corel.
• Introduction to Virtual Archaeology and digital techniques applied to Museum exhibitions.

Modulo: LABORATORY PRACTICE
Practical Laboratory classes in various chemical analytical techniques available at the HERCULES Laboratory of the University of Évora (a list of analytical instruments is available at http://www.hercules.uevora.pt/analytical-infrastructure.php) applied to the study of Cultural Heritage objects and Archaeometry. Students will be involved in currently running research projects and involved in the analysis of archaeological materials gaining first-hand preliminary experience in sample preparation and running of the following techniques: SEM+EDS, Raman Spectroscopy, LA-ICP-MS, IRMS, FT-IR Spectroscopy, XRF, XRD, GC and LC- MS, Biochemical analysis.

Modulo: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
N/D
Modulo: LABORATORY PRACTICE
N/D

LABORATORY PRACTICE
Modulo: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES

• Introduction to IT techniques applied to archaeology and the study of Cultural Heritage objects.
• Drawing archaeological materials, plant design, sections, elevations; topographical plant design. Skills: ability to use information technology and computer facilities, ability to work under present digital format.
• Components and features of different types of software programs such as Adobe - Photoshop CS; Adobe - Illustrator CS; Corel.
• Introduction to Virtual Archaeology and digital techniques applied to Museum exhibitions.

Modulo: LABORATORY PRACTICE
Practical Laboratory classes in various chemical analytical techniques available at the HERCULES Laboratory of the University of Évora (a list of analytical instruments is available at http://www.hercules.uevora.pt/analytical-infrastructure.php) applied to the study of Cultural Heritage objects and Archaeometry. Students will be involved in currently running research projects and involved in the analysis of archaeological materials gaining first-hand preliminary experience in sample preparation and running of the following techniques: SEM+EDS, Raman Spectroscopy, LA-ICP-MS, IRMS, FT-IR Spectroscopy, XRF, XRD, GC and LC- MS, Biochemical analysis.

Modulo: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
N/D
Modulo: LABORATORY PRACTICE
N/D

DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
Modulo: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: LABORATORY PRACTICE
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

LABORATORY PRACTICE
Modulo: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: LABORATORY PRACTICE
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
Modulo: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: LABORATORY PRACTICE
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
N/D
Modulo: LABORATORY PRACTICE
N/D

LABORATORY PRACTICE
Modulo: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: LABORATORY PRACTICE
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
N/D
Modulo: LABORATORY PRACTICE
N/D

This course is intended to provide students coming from a Science academic background with theoretical and practical basic knowledge and skills to:

• Grasp and understand the past through its material culture;
• Develop ability to perceive the physical space;
• Ability to identify the main material and cultural features of different archaeological periods.
• Understand basic archaeological excavation principles and techniques in theory and in the field.

Modulo: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
The course intends to provide students with a broad understanding of the birth and importance of Megalithic Culture in Portugal, Europe and worldwide in terms of its Architecture, Spoils, Timelines, Raw material, Relationships between man and the ecosystem in the past, Process of selection of preferred areas for construction of funerary monuments.

Modulo: EXCAVATION METHODS
The course intends to provide students with a broad understanding of the birth and importance of Megalithic Culture in Portugal, Europe and worldwide in terms of its Architecture, Spoils, Timelines, Raw material, Relationships between man and the ecosystem in the past, Process of selection of preferred areas for construction of funerary monuments.

Modulo: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
Syllabus

• Preparing students for the direction of archaeological work
• knowing the telltale traces of human activity, from prehistory to the present: a) settlement patterns, b) archaeological materials, c) housing structures d) defensive structures, e) other traces.
• Fostering critical readings on archaeological contexts.

Modulo: EXCAVATION METHODS
Syllabus

1) Different excavation methods in archeology;

2) The archaeological record (drawing, photographs, 3D surveys);

3) Material processing in the laboratory;

4) Report Writing;

Modulo: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
N/D
Modulo: EXCAVATION METHODS
N/D

Modulo: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
Syllabus

• Preparing students for the direction of archaeological work
• knowing the telltale traces of human activity, from prehistory to the present: a) settlement patterns, b) archaeological materials, c) housing structures d) defensive structures, e) other traces.
• Fostering critical readings on archaeological contexts.

Modulo: EXCAVATION METHODS
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: EXCAVATION METHODS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
N/D
Modulo: EXCAVATION METHODS
N/D

This course is intended to provide students coming from a Science academic background with theoretical and practical basic knowledge and skills to: - Grasp and understand the past through its material culture; - Develop ability to perceive the physical space; - Ability to identify the main material and cultural features of different archaeological periods. - Understand basic archaeological excavation principles and techniques in theory and in the field.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
Modulo: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
Syllabus

• Preparing students for the direction of archaeological work
• knowing the telltale traces of human activity, from prehistory to the present: a) settlement patterns, b) archaeological materials, c) housing structures d) defensive structures, e) other traces.
• Fostering critical readings on archaeological contexts.

Modulo: EXCAVATION METHODS
Syllabus

1) Different excavation methods in archeology;

2) The archaeological record (drawing, photographs, 3D surveys);

3) Material processing in the laboratory;

4) Report Writing;

Modulo: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
N/D
Modulo: EXCAVATION METHODS
N/D

EXCAVATION METHODS
Modulo: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
Syllabus

• Preparing students for the direction of archaeological work
• knowing the telltale traces of human activity, from prehistory to the present: a) settlement patterns, b) archaeological materials, c) housing structures d) defensive structures, e) other traces.
• Fostering critical readings on archaeological contexts.

Modulo: EXCAVATION METHODS
Syllabus

1) Different excavation methods in archeology;

2) The archaeological record (drawing, photographs, 3D surveys);

3) Material processing in the laboratory;

4) Report Writing;

Modulo: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
N/D
Modulo: EXCAVATION METHODS
N/D

ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
Modulo: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
Syllabus

• Preparing students for the direction of archaeological work
• knowing the telltale traces of human activity, from prehistory to the present: a) settlement patterns, b) archaeological materials, c) housing structures d) defensive structures, e) other traces.
• Fostering critical readings on archaeological contexts.

Modulo: EXCAVATION METHODS
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

EXCAVATION METHODS
Modulo: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
Syllabus

• Preparing students for the direction of archaeological work
• knowing the telltale traces of human activity, from prehistory to the present: a) settlement patterns, b) archaeological materials, c) housing structures d) defensive structures, e) other traces.
• Fostering critical readings on archaeological contexts.

Modulo: EXCAVATION METHODS
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
Modulo: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: EXCAVATION METHODS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
N/D
Modulo: EXCAVATION METHODS
N/D

EXCAVATION METHODS
Modulo: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: EXCAVATION METHODS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS
N/D
Modulo: EXCAVATION METHODS
N/D

The aim of the courses is to enable students to enrich the knowledge of curricular courses with topics of their choice

The aim of the courses is to enable students to enrich the knowledge of curricular courses with topics of their choice

By the end of the course students will be able to: •Explain the physical principles, survey geometries and data characteristics of the main geophysical methods used in archaeology (magnetic, electrical, electromagnetic, GPR, seismic). • Select appropriate techniques and survey strategies for specific archaeological questions and site conditions. •Design a basic geophysical survey, including acquisition parameters, logistics, and health-and-safety considerations. •Carry out basic data processing and visualisation using suitable software tools. •Interpret geophysical results in combination with archaeological, stratigraphic and geomorphological information, and communicate conclusions in written and oral form.

To provide students with an overview of the Greek history of art and architecture and with an overview of field archaeology including land surveys, in the context of Greek archaeological stratification.
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: - Identify essential characteristics of particular art and architectural styles in ancient Greece; - Understand the procedures of antique/traditional techniques; - Understand the basics of land surveying; - Understand the basics of stratigraphic excavation in the context of Greek archaeological stratification.

World Heritage list, Greek Monuments. International Charters for Conservation and Restoration. The institutional framework for the protection and management of Cultural Heritage. Overview of the development and activity of the institutions that care for the protection and the effective management of cultural heritage. The way institutional care for cultural heritage affects its preservation. Geoarchaeology – application of Geological techniques to solve archaeological problems. Magnetism of baked clays in archaeological contexts. Implications for dating. Materials characterization.

Final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

The objective of the module is to equip students with the basic theoretical and practical knowledge in the different types of advanced scientific techniques used in the characterization of archaeological materials. The focus of the unit would be to form students able to apply the correct “problem solving” analytical approach (“What-How-When-What for?”) and to provide answers to specific questions arising during the study of archaeomaterials and archaeological sites. The unit will include specialized seminars from invited scholars from the leading Institutions in the field.

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
The objective of the curricular unit “Introduction to Archaeometry” is to equip students with the basic theoretical and practical knowledge in: a) the chemical/mineralogical composition and nature of different types of archaeomaterials (ceramics, stone and mortars, pigments, organic residues, metals, glass, paper, textiles); b) the different types of advanced scientific techniques used in the characterization of archaeological materials. In particular, the focus of the unit would be to form students able to apply the correct “problem solving” analytical approach (“What-How-When-What for?”) and to provide answers to specific questions arising during the study of archaeomaterials and archaeological sites. The unit will include specialized seminars from invited scholars from the leading Institutions in the field.

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
The objective of the curricular unit “Introduction to Archaeometry” is to equip students with the basic theoretical and practical knowledge in: a) the chemical/mineralogical composition and nature of different types of archaeomaterials (ceramics, stone and mortars, pigments, organic residues, metals, glass, paper, textiles); b) the different types of advanced scientific techniques used in the characterization of archaeological materials. In particular, the focus of the unit would be to form students able to apply the correct “problem solving” analytical approach (“What-How-When-What for?”) and to provide answers to specific questions arising during the study of archaeomaterials and archaeological sites. The unit will include specialized seminars from invited scholars from the leading Institutions in the field.

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
Objectives

The objective of the curricular unit “Introduction to Archaeometry” is to equip students with the basic theoretical and practical knowledge in: a) the chemical/mineralogical composition and nature of different types of archaeomaterials (ceramics, stone and mortars, pigments, organic residues, metals, glass, paper, textiles); b) the different types of advanced scientific techniques used in the characterization of archaeological materials. In particular, the focus of the unit would be to form students able to apply the correct “problem solving” analytical approach (“What-How-When-What for?”) and to provide answers to specific questions arising during the study of archaeomaterials and archaeological sites. The unit will include specialized seminars from invited scholars from the leading Institutions in the field.

Syllabus

Inorganic archaeomaterials. Ceramics and pottery. Lithics, rocks and ornamental stones - chemical and mineralogical composition. Mortars and cements. Inorganic Pigments. Sand and glass making. Gemstones- Common mineral species and varieties used as gems in antiquity. Ores and Metals.

Organic archaeomaterials – Wood, textiles, paper, plastics. Organic residues. Bones. Natural dyes. Resins and Bioinorganic materials.

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
Introduction to Destructive, micro-destructive, non-destructive archaeometric analysis, sampling procedures, sample preparation, analytical accuracy, precision, resolution and sensitivity. Principles of Geochemical analyses of materials: major, minor and trace elements. Provenance of raw materials, dating, identification of production techniques and centers, identification of commercial routes in the Antiquity; Identification of fakes and forgeries. Introduction to statistical data treatment. Basic Principles of Electromagnetic Radiation. Interactions between Light, Electrons, Protons, X-rays with matter. Theoretical and Practical Introduction to Diagnostic Techniques used for Chemical and Mineralogical analysis of Archaeomaterials: Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy combined with microanalysis (OM, SEM+EDS); X-ray Diffraction (XRD); X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF); Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR); micro-Raman Spectroscopy; Liquid and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-GC-MS); Differential Thermal Analysis and Thermogravimetric Analysis (DTA-TG): Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy. An introduction to Absolute Dating techniques used to analyse archaeomaterials: Thermoluminescence; Isotopic Techniques. Biological analysis: Amino-acid racemization. Introduction to geophysical techniques applied to Archaeometry. Stable Isotopes and Osteological analysis (IRMS).

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
N/D
Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
N/D

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
Final examination: written assignments with presentation of a project

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
N/D
Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
N/D

The objective of the curricular unit “Introduction to Archaeometry” is to equip students with the basic theoretical and practical knowledge in: a) the chemical/mineralogical composition and nature of different types of archaeomaterials (ceramics, stone and mortars, pigments, organic residues, metals, glass, paper, textiles); b) the different types of advanced scientific techniques used in the characterization of archaeological materials. In particular, the focus of the unit would be to form students able to apply the correct “problem solving” analytical approach (“What-How-When-What for?”) and to provide answers to specific questions arising during the study of archaeomaterials and archaeological sites. The unit will include specialized seminars from invited scholars from the leading Institutions in the field.

INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
Objectives

The objective of the curricular unit “Introduction to Archaeometry” is to equip students with the basic theoretical and practical knowledge in: a) the chemical/mineralogical composition and nature of different types of archaeomaterials (ceramics, stone and mortars, pigments, organic residues, metals, glass, paper, textiles); b) the different types of advanced scientific techniques used in the characterization of archaeological materials. In particular, the focus of the unit would be to form students able to apply the correct “problem solving” analytical approach (“What-How-When-What for?”) and to provide answers to specific questions arising during the study of archaeomaterials and archaeological sites. The unit will include specialized seminars from invited scholars from the leading Institutions in the field.

Syllabus

Inorganic archaeomaterials. Ceramics and pottery. Lithics, rocks and ornamental stones - chemical and mineralogical composition. Mortars and cements. Inorganic Pigments. Sand and glass making. Gemstones- Common mineral species and varieties used as gems in antiquity. Ores and Metals.

Organic archaeomaterials – Wood, textiles, paper, plastics. Organic residues. Bones. Natural dyes. Resins and Bioinorganic materials.

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
Introduction to Destructive, micro-destructive, non-destructive archaeometric analysis, sampling procedures, sample preparation, analytical accuracy, precision, resolution and sensitivity. Principles of Geochemical analyses of materials: major, minor and trace elements. Provenance of raw materials, dating, identification of production techniques and centers, identification of commercial routes in the Antiquity; Identification of fakes and forgeries. Introduction to statistical data treatment. Basic Principles of Electromagnetic Radiation. Interactions between Light, Electrons, Protons, X-rays with matter. Theoretical and Practical Introduction to Diagnostic Techniques used for Chemical and Mineralogical analysis of Archaeomaterials: Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy combined with microanalysis (OM, SEM+EDS); X-ray Diffraction (XRD); X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF); Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR); micro-Raman Spectroscopy; Liquid and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-GC-MS); Differential Thermal Analysis and Thermogravimetric Analysis (DTA-TG): Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy. An introduction to Absolute Dating techniques used to analyse archaeomaterials: Thermoluminescence; Isotopic Techniques. Biological analysis: Amino-acid racemization. Introduction to geophysical techniques applied to Archaeometry. Stable Isotopes and Osteological analysis (IRMS).

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
N/D
Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
N/D

INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
Objectives

The objective of the curricular unit “Introduction to Archaeometry” is to equip students with the basic theoretical and practical knowledge in: a) the chemical/mineralogical composition and nature of different types of archaeomaterials (ceramics, stone and mortars, pigments, organic residues, metals, glass, paper, textiles); b) the different types of advanced scientific techniques used in the characterization of archaeological materials. In particular, the focus of the unit would be to form students able to apply the correct “problem solving” analytical approach (“What-How-When-What for?”) and to provide answers to specific questions arising during the study of archaeomaterials and archaeological sites. The unit will include specialized seminars from invited scholars from the leading Institutions in the field.

Syllabus

Inorganic archaeomaterials. Ceramics and pottery. Lithics, rocks and ornamental stones - chemical and mineralogical composition. Mortars and cements. Inorganic Pigments. Sand and glass making. Gemstones- Common mineral species and varieties used as gems in antiquity. Ores and Metals.

Organic archaeomaterials – Wood, textiles, paper, plastics. Organic residues. Bones. Natural dyes. Resins and Bioinorganic materials.

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
Introduction to Destructive, micro-destructive, non-destructive archaeometric analysis, sampling procedures, sample preparation, analytical accuracy, precision, resolution and sensitivity. Principles of Geochemical analyses of materials: major, minor and trace elements. Provenance of raw materials, dating, identification of production techniques and centers, identification of commercial routes in the Antiquity; Identification of fakes and forgeries. Introduction to statistical data treatment. Basic Principles of Electromagnetic Radiation. Interactions between Light, Electrons, Protons, X-rays with matter. Theoretical and Practical Introduction to Diagnostic Techniques used for Chemical and Mineralogical analysis of Archaeomaterials: Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy combined with microanalysis (OM, SEM+EDS); X-ray Diffraction (XRD); X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF); Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR); micro-Raman Spectroscopy; Liquid and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-GC-MS); Differential Thermal Analysis and Thermogravimetric Analysis (DTA-TG): Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy. An introduction to Absolute Dating techniques used to analyse archaeomaterials: Thermoluminescence; Isotopic Techniques. Biological analysis: Amino-acid racemization. Introduction to geophysical techniques applied to Archaeometry. Stable Isotopes and Osteological analysis (IRMS).

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
N/D
Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
N/D

INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
Final examination: written assignments with presentation of a project

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
Final examination: written assignments with presentation of a project

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
N/D
Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
N/D

INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
N/D
Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
N/D

The objective of the module is to equip students with the basic theoretical and practical knowledge in the different types of advanced scientific techniques used in the characterization of archaeological materials. The focus of the unit would be to form students able to apply the correct “problem solving” analytical approach (“What-How-When-What for?”) and to provide answers to specific questions arising during the study of archaeomaterials and archaeological sites. The unit will include specialized seminars from invited scholars from the leading Institutions in the field.

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
The objective of the curricular unit “Introduction to Archaeometry” is to equip students with the basic theoretical and practical knowledge in: a) the chemical/mineralogical composition and nature of different types of archaeomaterials (ceramics, stone and mortars, pigments, organic residues, metals, glass, paper, textiles); b) the different types of advanced scientific techniques used in the characterization of archaeological materials. In particular, the focus of the unit would be to form students able to apply the correct “problem solving” analytical approach (“What-How-When-What for?”) and to provide answers to specific questions arising during the study of archaeomaterials and archaeological sites. The unit will include specialized seminars from invited scholars from the leading Institutions in the field.

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
The objective of the curricular unit “Introduction to Archaeometry” is to equip students with the basic theoretical and practical knowledge in: a) the chemical/mineralogical composition and nature of different types of archaeomaterials (ceramics, stone and mortars, pigments, organic residues, metals, glass, paper, textiles); b) the different types of advanced scientific techniques used in the characterization of archaeological materials. In particular, the focus of the unit would be to form students able to apply the correct “problem solving” analytical approach (“What-How-When-What for?”) and to provide answers to specific questions arising during the study of archaeomaterials and archaeological sites. The unit will include specialized seminars from invited scholars from the leading Institutions in the field.

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
Objectives

The objective of the curricular unit “Introduction to Archaeometry” is to equip students with the basic theoretical and practical knowledge in: a) the chemical/mineralogical composition and nature of different types of archaeomaterials (ceramics, stone and mortars, pigments, organic residues, metals, glass, paper, textiles); b) the different types of advanced scientific techniques used in the characterization of archaeological materials. In particular, the focus of the unit would be to form students able to apply the correct “problem solving” analytical approach (“What-How-When-What for?”) and to provide answers to specific questions arising during the study of archaeomaterials and archaeological sites. The unit will include specialized seminars from invited scholars from the leading Institutions in the field.

Syllabus

Inorganic archaeomaterials. Ceramics and pottery. Lithics, rocks and ornamental stones - chemical and mineralogical composition. Mortars and cements. Inorganic Pigments. Sand and glass making. Gemstones- Common mineral species and varieties used as gems in antiquity. Ores and Metals.

Organic archaeomaterials – Wood, textiles, paper, plastics. Organic residues. Bones. Natural dyes. Resins and Bioinorganic materials.

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
Introduction to Destructive, micro-destructive, non-destructive archaeometric analysis, sampling procedures, sample preparation, analytical accuracy, precision, resolution and sensitivity. Principles of Geochemical analyses of materials: major, minor and trace elements. Provenance of raw materials, dating, identification of production techniques and centers, identification of commercial routes in the Antiquity; Identification of fakes and forgeries. Introduction to statistical data treatment. Basic Principles of Electromagnetic Radiation. Interactions between Light, Electrons, Protons, X-rays with matter. Theoretical and Practical Introduction to Diagnostic Techniques used for Chemical and Mineralogical analysis of Archaeomaterials: Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy combined with microanalysis (OM, SEM+EDS); X-ray Diffraction (XRD); X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF); Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR); micro-Raman Spectroscopy; Liquid and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-GC-MS); Differential Thermal Analysis and Thermogravimetric Analysis (DTA-TG): Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy. An introduction to Absolute Dating techniques used to analyse archaeomaterials: Thermoluminescence; Isotopic Techniques. Biological analysis: Amino-acid racemization. Introduction to geophysical techniques applied to Archaeometry. Stable Isotopes and Osteological analysis (IRMS).

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
N/D
Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
N/D

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
Final examination: written assignments with presentation of a project

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOMATERIALS
N/D
Modulo: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ARCHAEOMETRY
N/D

This course is intended to provide students with basic theoretical and practical knowledge on a set of innovative, state of the art IT, Bio-chemical, Chemical, Geo-Physical and Image Processing techniques currently being applied in Archaeology and the study of Archaeological and Cultural Heritage materials. Students will be able to develop critical thinking in assessing the potential and limitations inherent to the technologies studied in order to be able to correctly apply them to real case studies.

Modulo: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
This course is intended provide students with the tools to master a set of new IT technologies applied to archaeology and archaeological materials in order to apply them in concrete situations of practical archaeological work. They should also be able to develop critical thinking in assessing the potential and limitations inherent in the data base, the archaeological drawing and digital mapping.

Modulo: LABORATORY PRACTICE
This course is intended provide students with the tools to master a set of new IT technologies applied to archaeology and archaeological materials in order to apply them in concrete situations of practical archaeological work. They should also be able to develop critical thinking in assessing the potential and limitations inherent in the data base, the archaeological drawing and digital mapping.

Modulo: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES

• Introduction to IT techniques applied to archaeology and the study of Cultural Heritage objects.
• Drawing archaeological materials, plant design, sections, elevations; topographical plant design. Skills: ability to use information technology and computer facilities, ability to work under present digital format.
• Components and features of different types of software programs such as Adobe - Photoshop CS; Adobe - Illustrator CS; Corel.
• Introduction to Virtual Archaeology and digital techniques applied to Museum exhibitions.

Modulo: LABORATORY PRACTICE
Practical Laboratory classes in various chemical analytical techniques available at the HERCULES Laboratory of the University of Évora (a list of analytical instruments is available at http://www.hercules.uevora.pt/analytical-infrastructure.php) applied to the study of Cultural Heritage objects and Archaeometry. Students will be involved in currently running research projects and involved in the analysis of archaeological materials gaining first-hand preliminary experience in sample preparation and running of the following techniques: SEM+EDS, Raman Spectroscopy, LA-ICP-MS, IRMS, FT-IR Spectroscopy, XRF, XRD, GC and LC- MS, Biochemical analysis.

Modulo: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
N/D
Modulo: LABORATORY PRACTICE
N/D

Modulo: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: LABORATORY PRACTICE
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: LABORATORY PRACTICE
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
N/D
Modulo: LABORATORY PRACTICE
N/D

The aim of the course is to provide students with the basic linguistic skills needed to deal with scientific communication in the field of archaeometry.

Based on the project Languages for Specific Purposes- Cultural Heritage developed at the AUTH partner, the course takes learners from a low B2 to a high B2 level of language competence. There are six units in all, each unit covering a particular conservation science and cultural heritage topic. All six units are of equal difficulty and learners can pick and choose the topics and activities, as and when they wish, from anywhere in the manual. Units contain activities to develop the four communication skills – Reading, Listening, Speaking and Writing – together with Language Focus Activities intended to especially reinforce, develop and expand those lexical points, which are specific to the conservation science field. A certain number of grammatical points are featured in some of the units. The recordings are on a CD which is provided with the Learner’s/Student’s Manual.

Written and oral examinations

Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

The course intends to provide an understanding of the national and regional megaliths in terms of: - Architecture; - Spoils; - Timelines; - Raw materials; - Relationship between man and the ecosystem in the past - Process of selection of the preferred areas for construction of funerary monuments.

• The Megalithism: Megalithism and monumentality; Megalithism and symbolic behavior.
• The emergence and evolution of megaliths: the different explanatory models.
• Non funerary Megalithism. Monument Typologies. Interpretative models.
• The megalithic burial. The Portuguese case: its diversity. The megalithic burial in southern Portugal. Megalithism in Europe. Megalithism outside Europe.

final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

• Understand the methods for assessing earthquake destruction in archaeological sites;
• Understand the effects of uncontrolled environmental conditions on artistic and historic artefacts;
• Understand the sources and causes of biodeterioration and their relationship to the intrinsic properties of the materials involved;
• Understand the need for constant environmental monitoring of archaeological sites and monuments

Modulo: DETERIORATION FACTORS
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

• Understand the methods for assessing earthquake destruction in archaeological sites; Understand the effects of uncontrolled environmental conditions on artistic and historic artefacts;
• Understand the sources and causes of biodeterioration and their relationship to the intrinsic properties of the materials involved;
• Understand the need for constant environmental monitoring of archaeological sites and monuments.

Modulo: PRESERVATION METHODS
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

• Understand the methods for assessing earthquake destruction in archaeological sites; Understand the effects of uncontrolled environmental conditions on artistic and historic artefacts;
• Understand the sources and causes of biodeterioration and their relationship to the intrinsic properties of the materials involved;
• Understand the need for constant environmental monitoring of archaeological sites and monuments.

Modulo: DETERIORATION FACTORS
The unit on Management of Risks aims at providing students with a detailed overview of major natural risks, such as earthquake destruction in archaeological sites, and their assessment. In addition, the unit introduces the distinctive environmental parameters that affect artistic and historic artefacts, as well as the mechanisms and phenomenology of biodeterioration of composite systems (such as paintings, manuscripts and textiles), and the effects caused by the different behaviour of materials in such systems. Biological deterioration. Lichens in archaeological sites and monuments. Factors affecting lichen colonization. Biological Cleaning. Preventive conservation

Modulo: PRESERVATION METHODS
The unit on Preventive Conservation aims at providing students with an overview of preventive conservation of archaeological sites and monuments. It deals with active and passive environmental control and monitoring of critical parameters in open-air situations, including preventive control in archaeological areas. The unit further deals with the various aspects of preventive conservation of museum environments. Finally, students are acquainted with the principles and applications of optical microscopy in the examination of environmentally affected artefacts. Introduction to the preservation methods. Related bibliography and Ιnternational Organisations. Documentation methods of archaeological materials- conservator approach. Conservation materials. Deterioration factors of organic archaeological materials. Burial environment. Environmental parameters- documentation- control-solutions. Techniques and materials of storage archaeological materials.

Modulo: DETERIORATION FACTORS
N/D
Modulo: PRESERVATION METHODS
N/D

Modulo: DETERIORATION FACTORS
Final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: PRESERVATION METHODS
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: DETERIORATION FACTORS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: PRESERVATION METHODS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: DETERIORATION FACTORS
N/D
Modulo: PRESERVATION METHODS
N/D

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: - Understand the methods for assessing earthquake destruction in archaeological sites; - Understand the effects of uncontrolled environmental conditions on artistic and historic artefacts; - Understand the sources and causes of biodeterioration and their relationship to the intrinsic properties of the materials involved; - Understand the need for constant environmental monitoring of archaeological sites and monuments

DETERIORATION FACTORS
Modulo: DETERIORATION FACTORS
The unit on Management of Risks aims at providing students with a detailed overview of major natural risks, such as earthquake destruction in archaeological sites, and their assessment. In addition, the unit introduces the distinctive environmental parameters that affect artistic and historic artefacts, as well as the mechanisms and phenomenology of biodeterioration of composite systems (such as paintings, manuscripts and textiles), and the effects caused by the different behaviour of materials in such systems. Biological deterioration. Lichens in archaeological sites and monuments. Factors affecting lichen colonization. Biological Cleaning. Preventive conservation

Modulo: PRESERVATION METHODS
The unit on Preventive Conservation aims at providing students with an overview of preventive conservation of archaeological sites and monuments. It deals with active and passive environmental control and monitoring of critical parameters in open-air situations, including preventive control in archaeological areas. The unit further deals with the various aspects of preventive conservation of museum environments. Finally, students are acquainted with the principles and applications of optical microscopy in the examination of environmentally affected artefacts. Introduction to the preservation methods. Related bibliography and Ιnternational Organisations. Documentation methods of archaeological materials- conservator approach. Conservation materials. Deterioration factors of organic archaeological materials. Burial environment. Environmental parameters- documentation- control-solutions. Techniques and materials of storage archaeological materials.

Modulo: DETERIORATION FACTORS
N/D
Modulo: PRESERVATION METHODS
N/D

PRESERVATION METHODS
Modulo: DETERIORATION FACTORS
The unit on Management of Risks aims at providing students with a detailed overview of major natural risks, such as earthquake destruction in archaeological sites, and their assessment. In addition, the unit introduces the distinctive environmental parameters that affect artistic and historic artefacts, as well as the mechanisms and phenomenology of biodeterioration of composite systems (such as paintings, manuscripts and textiles), and the effects caused by the different behaviour of materials in such systems. Biological deterioration. Lichens in archaeological sites and monuments. Factors affecting lichen colonization. Biological Cleaning. Preventive conservation

Modulo: PRESERVATION METHODS
The unit on Preventive Conservation aims at providing students with an overview of preventive conservation of archaeological sites and monuments. It deals with active and passive environmental control and monitoring of critical parameters in open-air situations, including preventive control in archaeological areas. The unit further deals with the various aspects of preventive conservation of museum environments. Finally, students are acquainted with the principles and applications of optical microscopy in the examination of environmentally affected artefacts. Introduction to the preservation methods. Related bibliography and Ιnternational Organisations. Documentation methods of archaeological materials- conservator approach. Conservation materials. Deterioration factors of organic archaeological materials. Burial environment. Environmental parameters- documentation- control-solutions. Techniques and materials of storage archaeological materials.

Modulo: DETERIORATION FACTORS
N/D
Modulo: PRESERVATION METHODS
N/D

DETERIORATION FACTORS
Modulo: DETERIORATION FACTORS
Final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: PRESERVATION METHODS
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

PRESERVATION METHODS
Modulo: DETERIORATION FACTORS
Final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: PRESERVATION METHODS
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

DETERIORATION FACTORS
Modulo: DETERIORATION FACTORS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: PRESERVATION METHODS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: DETERIORATION FACTORS
N/D
Modulo: PRESERVATION METHODS
N/D

PRESERVATION METHODS
Modulo: DETERIORATION FACTORS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: PRESERVATION METHODS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: DETERIORATION FACTORS
N/D
Modulo: PRESERVATION METHODS
N/D

Aim of this unit is to provide students with the ability to:

• Understand of the physical and chemical properties of ceramic, faience and glass; ores, metals and alloys; textile or paper fibers; and constituent materials in paint films – colouring materials and binding media.
• Apply spectrometric techniques, i.e. ultra violet-visible and infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and interpret the results;
• Apply chromatographic analysis, i.e. high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, and interpret the results.
• The unit will have a practical approach and will be based on a number of actual case studies currently being investigated by researchers at AUTH ARCHMAT partners institutions and invited scholars from leading institutions worldwide.

Modulo: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
Aim of this course is to provide students with the ability to:

• Understand of the physical and chemical properties of ceramic, faience and glass; ores, metals and alloys; textile or paper fibers; and constituent materials in paint films – colouring materials and binding media.
• Apply spectrometric techniques, i.e. ultra violet-visible and infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and interpret the results;
• Apply chromatographic analysis, i.e. high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, and interpret the results.
• The unit will have a practical approach and will be based on a number of actual case studies currently being investigated by researchers at AUTH ARCHMAT partners institutions and invited scholars from leading institutions worldwide.

Modulo: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Aim of this course is to provide students with the ability to:

• Understand of the physical and chemical properties of ceramic, faience and glass; ores, metals and alloys; textile or paper fibers; and constituent materials in paint films – colouring materials and binding media.
• Apply spectrometric techniques, i.e. ultra violet-visible and infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and interpret the results;
• Apply chromatographic analysis, i.e. high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, and interpret the results.
• The unit will have a practical approach and will be based on a number of actual case studies currently being investigated by researchers at AUTH ARCHMAT partners institutions and invited scholars from leading institutions worldwide.

Modulo: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
The unit on Analytical Chemistry Applications aims at providing students with a detailed overview of different methods and analytical techniques used for scientific investigation applied to archaeological area, i.e. high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. It discusses the nature of the analysis, the level of the analytical work, the results obtained and their interpretation. The students are also be introduced to basic sample preparation.

Modulo: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Syllabus

The module on Properties of Materials aims at providing students with a detailed overview of the physical properties of parchment and leather; ceramics and faience; ores, metals and alloys; textile or paper fibres; and constituent materials in paint films – colouring materials and binding media. Lectures on Characterisation of Materials aim at providing students with a detailed overview of the principles and applications of several spectrometric methods. Students are introduced to the application of spectrometric techniques used for scientific investigation applied to archaeological area, i.e. ultra violet-visible and infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and EPS spectroscopy, and proceed to interpretation of results.

Modulo: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
N/D
Modulo: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
N/D

Modulo: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
Final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
final examination: written assignments with presentation in class

Modulo: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
N/D
Modulo: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
N/D

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

• Follow judiciously the newest updates in the conservation science/archaeometry field by attending specialized theoretical and field-based seminars on selected topics by leading experts from the ARCHMAT Consortium and leading Research Institution in Europe and beyond
• Apply state-of-the-art methods and techniques in their specific field of interest.

Modulo: THEMATIC SEMINARS
Upon successful completion of this unit, students will be able to: Follow judiciously the newest updates in the conservation science/archaeometry field by attending specialized theoretical and field-based seminars on selected topics by leading experts from the ARCHMAT Consortium and leading Research Institution in Europe and beyond ; Apply state-of-the-art methods and techniques in their specific field of interest.

Modulo: TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
Upon successful completion of this unit, students will be able to: Follow judiciously the newest updates in the conservation science/archaeometry field by attending specialized theoretical and field-based seminars on selected topics by leading experts from the ARCHMAT Consortium and leading Research Institution in Europe and beyond ; Apply state-of-the-art methods and techniques in their specific field of interest.

Modulo: THEMATIC SEMINARS
Syllabus

The unit Thematic seminars will be organised by focusing on a specific topic for each edition of the ARCHMAT EMJMD and will see the participation of leading invited scholars from and outside the ARCHMAT Consortium. The unit aims at acquainting students with new methodologies and techniques used in conservation science and management of archaeological sites and provide students with an overview of current cutting-edge research in the field of Archaeometry and Conservation Science.

Ethics and principles in Materials conservation: Towards compatible restoration. Methodology for analysis and design materials for building conservation. Analysis of materials in paintings of the cultural heritage using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Dyes and organic pigments in objects of the cultural heritage. Origin and identification using liquid chromatography. Superhydrophobic coatings for the protection of natural stone. Non-Destructive Testing techniques for the characterization and the diagnosis of the decay of physical building materials. Study of the effectiveness of consolidation techniques using methods of calculating the transmission velocity of elastic waves (ultrasonics). Nanoscience for the Conservation of Works of Art. Inorganic Nanomaterials for the Consolidation of Wall Paintings and Stones. Geopolymers and Hybrid Nanocomposites

Modulo: TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
The module Technical field visits will be organised with the participation of the whole consortium. Technical visits will include visits to archaeological sites, museums, and research centres. The unit aims at acquainting students with the methodologies and techniques used in Archaeometry and Conservation Science, while taking into account the newest updates in the field, and at conducting them in applying this knowledge and these competences in their specific field of interest.

Modulo: THEMATIC SEMINARS
N/D
Modulo: TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
N/D

Modulo: THEMATIC SEMINARS
Technical report and presentation in class

Modulo: TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
Technical report and presentation in class

Modulo: THEMATIC SEMINARS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: THEMATIC SEMINARS
N/D
Modulo: TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
N/D

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

• Follow judiciously the newest updates in the conservation science/archaeometry field by attending specialized theoretical and field-based seminars on selected topics by leading experts from the ARCHMAT Consortium and leading Research Institution in Europe and beyond
• Apply state-of-the-art methods and techniques in their specific field of interest.

Modulo: THEMATIC SEMINARS
Upon successful completion of this unit, students will be able to: Follow judiciously the newest updates in the conservation science/archaeometry field by attending specialized theoretical and field-based seminars on selected topics by leading experts from the ARCHMAT Consortium and leading Research Institution in Europe and beyond ; Apply state-of-the-art methods and techniques in their specific field of interest.

Modulo: TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
Upon successful completion of this unit, students will be able to: Follow judiciously the newest updates in the conservation science/archaeometry field by attending specialized theoretical and field-based seminars on selected topics by leading experts from the ARCHMAT Consortium and leading Research Institution in Europe and beyond ; Apply state-of-the-art methods and techniques in their specific field of interest.

Modulo: THEMATIC SEMINARS
Syllabus

The unit Thematic seminars will be organised by focusing on a specific topic for each edition of the ARCHMAT EMJMD and will see the participation of leading invited scholars from and outside the ARCHMAT Consortium. The unit aims at acquainting students with new methodologies and techniques used in conservation science and management of archaeological sites and provide students with an overview of current cutting-edge research in the field of Archaeometry and Conservation Science.

Ethics and principles in Materials conservation: Towards compatible restoration. Methodology for analysis and design materials for building conservation. Analysis of materials in paintings of the cultural heritage using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Dyes and organic pigments in objects of the cultural heritage. Origin and identification using liquid chromatography. Superhydrophobic coatings for the protection of natural stone. Non-Destructive Testing techniques for the characterization and the diagnosis of the decay of physical building materials. Study of the effectiveness of consolidation techniques using methods of calculating the transmission velocity of elastic waves (ultrasonics). Nanoscience for the Conservation of Works of Art. Inorganic Nanomaterials for the Consolidation of Wall Paintings and Stones. Geopolymers and Hybrid Nanocomposites

Modulo: TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
The module Technical field visits will be organised with the participation of the whole consortium. Technical visits will include visits to archaeological sites, museums, and research centres. The unit aims at acquainting students with the methodologies and techniques used in Archaeometry and Conservation Science, while taking into account the newest updates in the field, and at conducting them in applying this knowledge and these competences in their specific field of interest.

Modulo: THEMATIC SEMINARS
N/D
Modulo: TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
N/D

Modulo: THEMATIC SEMINARS
Technical report and presentation in class

Modulo: TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
Technical report and presentation in class

Modulo: THEMATIC SEMINARS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: THEMATIC SEMINARS
N/D
Modulo: TECHNICAL FIELD VISITS
N/D

This course is composed of two modules dealing with the identification of biological materials from archaeological sites and physical methods applied to the study of archaeological materials, respecyively. For this reason it includes extensive sessions of laboratory work.

PHYSICAL METHODS
Modulo: PHYSICAL METHODS
− Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Waves and Radiation-Matter Interaction (8 h)

− Measurement Theory (4 h)

− Optical microscopy, imaging, optical instruments (4 h)

− Electronic microscopy, scanning and transmission (1 h)

− Optical spectroscopy and colorimetry (4 h)

− Multiband and Hyperspectral Imaging in Reflectance and Photo-induced Luminescence

modes (4 h)

− X-Ray fluorescence, X-Ray diffraction and tomography, Synchrotron radiation (6 h)

− Vibrational spectroscopy, Raman and IR (6 h)

− Radiocarbon dating, Isotope analysis, tracking and provenance (2 h)

− Thermoluminescence dating (2 h)

− Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (4h)

Modulo: BIOLOGICAL METHODS
Syllabus

 Macrofossils and microfossils (4 h)

 Conditions for preservation of plant and animal remains (2 h)

 Different types of plant and animal remains (4 h)

Laboratory work:

 Identification of fossil woods (2 h)

 Laboratory work on diatoms, phytoliths and cuticles (2 h)

 Laboratory on Pollen morphology (2 h)Identification of Non-Pollen Palynomorphs (2 h)

 Arthropods in environmental reconstructions (2 h)

 Faunal remains (2 h)

 Ancient DNA (2 h)

 Proxies for Sea Level Change (2 h)

 Fieldtrip excursion (4 h)

Structure of the course

The course is structured in two phases:

 theoretical part to analyse concepts, issues and the structure of environmental archaeology (10 hours)

 laboratory of biological remains from archaeological contexts and fieldtrip excursion (20 hours)

Modulo: PHYSICAL METHODS

• Ground-penetrating radar and time-domain

reflectometry

• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Measurement Theory
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Optical Imaging and Scanning electron microscopy
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• X-Ray analysis
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Optical Spectroscopy, Multispectral Imaging and Colorimetry
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Infrared Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform

Spectrometers

• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Raman Spectroscopy
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Thermoluminescence dating
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Radiocarbon dating
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes

Modulo: BIOLOGICAL METHODS
N/D

BIOLOGICAL METHODS
Modulo: PHYSICAL METHODS
− Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Waves and Radiation-Matter Interaction (8 h)

− Measurement Theory (4 h)

− Optical microscopy, imaging, optical instruments (4 h)

− Electronic microscopy, scanning and transmission (1 h)

− Optical spectroscopy and colorimetry (4 h)

− Multiband and Hyperspectral Imaging in Reflectance and Photo-induced Luminescence

modes (4 h)

− X-Ray fluorescence, X-Ray diffraction and tomography, Synchrotron radiation (6 h)

− Vibrational spectroscopy, Raman and IR (6 h)

− Radiocarbon dating, Isotope analysis, tracking and provenance (2 h)

− Thermoluminescence dating (2 h)

− Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (4h)

Modulo: BIOLOGICAL METHODS
Syllabus

 Macrofossils and microfossils (4 h)

 Conditions for preservation of plant and animal remains (2 h)

 Different types of plant and animal remains (4 h)

Laboratory work:

 Identification of fossil woods (2 h)

 Laboratory work on diatoms, phytoliths and cuticles (2 h)

 Laboratory on Pollen morphology (2 h)Identification of Non-Pollen Palynomorphs (2 h)

 Arthropods in environmental reconstructions (2 h)

 Faunal remains (2 h)

 Ancient DNA (2 h)

 Proxies for Sea Level Change (2 h)

 Fieldtrip excursion (4 h)

Structure of the course

The course is structured in two phases:

 theoretical part to analyse concepts, issues and the structure of environmental archaeology (10 hours)

 laboratory of biological remains from archaeological contexts and fieldtrip excursion (20 hours)

Modulo: PHYSICAL METHODS

• Ground-penetrating radar and time-domain

reflectometry

• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Measurement Theory
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Optical Imaging and Scanning electron microscopy
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• X-Ray analysis
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Optical Spectroscopy, Multispectral Imaging and Colorimetry
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Infrared Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform

Spectrometers

• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Raman Spectroscopy
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Thermoluminescence dating
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Radiocarbon dating
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes

Modulo: BIOLOGICAL METHODS
N/D

PHYSICAL METHODS
The "Biological Methods" module exam consists of an oral exam and a 30-question multiple-choice written quiz.

The evaluation is based on an oral examination and on the description of specific physical methods in various archaeological contexts. Students will prepare a two-page paper on a Case Study and discuss it during the exam. They will also answer two questions from the course material. The Case Study accounts for half of the grade (max 15/30), each question for up to 7/30, and the Measurement Theory assignment may add 1 point.

The mean of the exam's Physical Methods and Biological Methods scores determines the final score.

BIOLOGICAL METHODS
The "Biological Methods" module exam consists of an oral exam and a 30-question multiple-choice written quiz.

The evaluation is based on an oral examination and on the description of specific physical methods in various archaeological contexts. Students will prepare a two-page paper on a Case Study and discuss it during the exam. They will also answer two questions from the course material. The Case Study accounts for half of the grade (max 15/30), each question for up to 7/30, and the Measurement Theory assignment may add 1 point.

The mean of the exam's Physical Methods and Biological Methods scores determines the final score.

PHYSICAL METHODS
Modulo: PHYSICAL METHODS
Teaching materials, including course notes, handouts prepared by the professor, thematic websites, scientific articles, and textbooks specific to each topic, will be distributed in class and made available through a dedicated Sapienza Google Site page.

Modulo: BIOLOGICAL METHODS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: PHYSICAL METHODS
N/D
Modulo: BIOLOGICAL METHODS
N/D

BIOLOGICAL METHODS
Modulo: PHYSICAL METHODS
Teaching materials, including course notes, handouts prepared by the professor, thematic websites, scientific articles, and textbooks specific to each topic, will be distributed in class and made available through a dedicated Sapienza Google Site page.

Modulo: BIOLOGICAL METHODS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: PHYSICAL METHODS
N/D
Modulo: BIOLOGICAL METHODS
N/D

This course is composed of two modules dealing with the identification of biological materials from archaeological sites and physical methods applied to the study of archaeological materials, respecyively. For this reason it includes extensive sessions of laboratory work.

Learning Outcomes Physical Methods Module

• Knowledge and understanding: The student will acquire the knowledge of basic concepts in condensed matter physics and how these relate to specific analysis techniques.
• Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: The student will acquire the ability to interpret microscopy, imaging, x-ray, and radioactivity data from archeological

materials.

• Critical and judgmental capacities: The student will develop critical and judgmental skills by analysing case studies and defining appropriate physical methods for

archaeological studies. These skills will be developed through interaction with the lecturer during the course.

• Communication skills: The student will be asked to interact in the analysis of study materials and during the lectures to identify the appropriate physical methods in archaeological studies.
• Learning skills: The student will acquire the theoretical and practical ability to apply physical methods to the identification and dating of archeological materials.

Learning Outcomes Biological Methods Module

The student will acquire knowledge of the main biological indicators and relative methododologies for environmental reconstructions in Archaeological contexts.

• Knowledge and understanding: The student will acquire the knowledge of fossilization processes and identification methods of plant and animal remains, as well as criteria for selecting the most appropriate methods for the various applications.
• Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: The student will acquire the ability to identify biological remains to support archaeological case studies.
• Critical and judgmental capacities: The student will develop critical and judgmental skills by analysing case studies and defining appropriate biological methods for archaeological studies. These skills will be developed through interaction with the lecturer during the course.
• Communication skills: The student will be asked to interact in the analysis of study materials and during the lectures to identify the appropriate biological methods in archaeological studies.
• Learning skills: The student will acquire the theoretical and practical ability to apply the identification of fossil remains to archaeological interpretations so as to be able to replicate it to real case studies and for the formulation of project proposals.

Modulo: PHYSICAL METHODS
− Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Waves and Radiation-Matter Interaction (8 h)

− Measurement Theory (4 h)

− Optical microscopy, imaging, optical instruments (4 h)

− Electronic microscopy, scanning and transmission (1 h)

− Optical spectroscopy and colorimetry (4 h)

− Multiband and Hyperspectral Imaging in Reflectance and Photo-induced Luminescence

modes (4 h)

− X-Ray fluorescence, X-Ray diffraction and tomography, Synchrotron radiation (6 h)

− Vibrational spectroscopy, Raman and IR (6 h)

− Radiocarbon dating, Isotope analysis, tracking and provenance (2 h)

− Thermoluminescence dating (2 h)

− Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (4h)

Modulo: BIOLOGICAL METHODS
Syllabus

 Macrofossils and microfossils (4 h)

 Conditions for preservation of plant and animal remains (2 h)

 Different types of plant and animal remains (4 h)

Laboratory work:

 Identification of fossil woods (2 h)

 Laboratory work on diatoms, phytoliths and cuticles (2 h)

 Laboratory on Pollen morphology (2 h)Identification of Non-Pollen Palynomorphs (2 h)

 Arthropods in environmental reconstructions (2 h)

 Faunal remains (2 h)

 Ancient DNA (2 h)

 Proxies for Sea Level Change (2 h)

 Fieldtrip excursion (4 h)

Structure of the course

The course is structured in two phases:

 theoretical part to analyse concepts, issues and the structure of environmental archaeology (10 hours)

 laboratory of biological remains from archaeological contexts and fieldtrip excursion (20 hours)

Modulo: PHYSICAL METHODS

• Ground-penetrating radar and time-domain

reflectometry

• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Measurement Theory
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Optical Imaging and Scanning electron microscopy
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• X-Ray analysis
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Optical Spectroscopy, Multispectral Imaging and Colorimetry
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Infrared Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform

Spectrometers

• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Raman Spectroscopy
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Thermoluminescence dating
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Radiocarbon dating
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes

Modulo: BIOLOGICAL METHODS
N/D

The "Biological Methods" module exam consists of an oral exam and a 30-question multiple-choice written quiz.

The evaluation is based on an oral examination and on the description of specific physical methods in various archaeological contexts. Students will prepare a two-page paper on a Case Study and discuss it during the exam. They will also answer two questions from the course material. The Case Study accounts for half of the grade (max 15/30), each question for up to 7/30, and the Measurement Theory assignment may add 1 point.

The mean of the exam's Physical Methods and Biological Methods scores determines the final score.

Modulo: PHYSICAL METHODS
Teaching materials, including course notes, handouts prepared by the professor, thematic websites, scientific articles, and textbooks specific to each topic, will be distributed in class and made available through a dedicated Sapienza Google Site page.

Modulo: BIOLOGICAL METHODS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: PHYSICAL METHODS
N/D
Modulo: BIOLOGICAL METHODS
N/D

The final exam consists of the discussion of a Master's thesis, comprising a written document, in English, which presents the results of an original study on a problem of an applicative, experimental or research nature. The preparation of the thesis is carried out under the guidance of an advisor during the fourth semester.

This course is aimed to introduce and discuss the science of reconstructing the relationships between past societies and the significance of “experiment, experimental, reference collection through experiments” in archaeology, as well as the interactions between humans and their environment in the archaeological and historical past.

EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
Modulo: EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
This part of the course is dedicated to the discussion of experimental protocols aimed at reproducing activities with replicas of lithic, osseous, ceramic or metallic tools.

The students will learn how to organize an experimental protocol on the bases of the archaeological hypothesis that they want to verify; they will choose the controlled variables crucial to validate all the procedures.

The micro-modifications (use-wear) originated by the friction of the tools with the material worked and the micro-residues entrapped in the micro-surface will be documented in detail through macro, meso- and micro-observations with different optical, digital and electron scanning equipment and different noninvasive chemical techniques.

As a result, the course will allow the students to learn the principles of the use of experimental archaeology as a proxy for the functional study of the archeological tools.

• The course will be characterized by a broad practical part aimed to organize and carry out experimental sessions for reproducing replicas to be observed and discussed through observation with optical and digital equipment. Having successfully completed this module, students will be able to demonstrate:
• General knowledge of the technological, use-wear analysis and residues analyses;
• General knowledge of the experimental approach needed to create a reference collection.
• Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: General knowledge of how and when to organize an experimental protocol. Basic knowledge of the use of OLM and SEM for technological, use-wear and residues analyses
• Critical and judgmental capacities: Skill to document an experimental protocol and to critically evaluate the obtained results in terms of technology, use-wear and residues applied to archaeological contexts.

Communication skills

• Skill to clearly communicate the results of the analysis of an archaeological context or assemblage through experimental and archaeometric approaches
• Skill to communicate the results of the analysis to people not trained in archaeology
• Learning skills
• Skill to organize and realize an experimental protocol
• Skill to apply a preliminary technological and functional analysis of archeological items or replicas of them.

Organization of the course

The course will be characterized by a theoretical session dealing with the fundamentals of the experimental archaeology for building a reference collection (5 h), technological (1 h), use-wear (2 h), residues analysis (2 h) and a broad practical part (20 h) aimed to organize and carried out experimental sessions for reproducing replicas to be observed and discussed through the observation with various equipments.

rough the observation with various equipments.

Modulo: ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
Specific objectives

• Knowledge and understanding: The student will acquire the knowledge and understanding of theoretical issues in environmental archaeology as well as criteria for selecting the most appropriate methods for the various applications.
• Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: The student will acquire the ability to apply environmental issues to support archaeological case studies.
• Critical and judgmental capacities: The student will develop critical and judgmental skills by analysing case studies and defining appropriate methods to reconstruct palaeoenvironmental conditions from archaeological contexts. These skills will be developed through interaction with the lecturer during the course and through the preparation of a review.
• Communication skills: The student will be asked to interact in the analysis of case studies and during the lectures to identify the appropriate palaeoenvironmental methods for archaeological studies.
• Learning skills: The student will acquire the theoretical and practical ability to apply the palaeoenvironmental methods to archaeological studies so as to be able to replicate it to real case studies and for the formulation of project proposals.

Syllabus

• Introduction to Environmental Archaeology (2 h)
• Fossil remains: etymology and definition (2 h)
• Principles of pollen analysis. Interpretation of pollen records. Reconstruction of past flora, vegetation, climate, and environment (4 h)
• Palaeoecology and palaeoclimate (4 h)
• Human impact on past natural landscape. The transition from wild to domesticated plants: age and geographical distribution of the earliest remains of cereals, pulses, fruit trees and nuts, oil- and fibre-producing crops, ornamental plants, spices (4 h)

Laboratory and fieldwork:

• Sampling from archaeological contexts: planning and execution (6 h)
• Fieldwork excursion (4 h)

Review

Environmental archaeology: Applications and case studies (4 h)

Structure of the course

The course is structured in three phases:

• - theoretical part to analyse concepts, issues and the structure of environmental archaeology (16 hours)
• - laboratory of palynology and fieldwork (10 hours)
• - the revision of case studies in environmental archaeology (4 hours)

Modulo: EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY

• lavoro di campo di archeologia sperimentale

Modulo: ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY

• Inbterpretazione dei dati paleoecologici

ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
Modulo: EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
This part of the course is dedicated to the discussion of experimental protocols aimed at reproducing activities with replicas of lithic, osseous, ceramic or metallic tools.

The students will learn how to organize an experimental protocol on the bases of the archaeological hypothesis that they want to verify; they will choose the controlled variables crucial to validate all the procedures.

The micro-modifications (use-wear) originated by the friction of the tools with the material worked and the micro-residues entrapped in the micro-surface will be documented in detail through macro, meso- and micro-observations with different optical, digital and electron scanning equipment and different noninvasive chemical techniques.

As a result, the course will allow the students to learn the principles of the use of experimental archaeology as a proxy for the functional study of the archeological tools.

• The course will be characterized by a broad practical part aimed to organize and carry out experimental sessions for reproducing replicas to be observed and discussed through observation with optical and digital equipment. Having successfully completed this module, students will be able to demonstrate:
• General knowledge of the technological, use-wear analysis and residues analyses;
• General knowledge of the experimental approach needed to create a reference collection.
• Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: General knowledge of how and when to organize an experimental protocol. Basic knowledge of the use of OLM and SEM for technological, use-wear and residues analyses
• Critical and judgmental capacities: Skill to document an experimental protocol and to critically evaluate the obtained results in terms of technology, use-wear and residues applied to archaeological contexts.

Communication skills

• Skill to clearly communicate the results of the analysis of an archaeological context or assemblage through experimental and archaeometric approaches
• Skill to communicate the results of the analysis to people not trained in archaeology
• Learning skills
• Skill to organize and realize an experimental protocol
• Skill to apply a preliminary technological and functional analysis of archeological items or replicas of them.

Organization of the course

The course will be characterized by a theoretical session dealing with the fundamentals of the experimental archaeology for building a reference collection (5 h), technological (1 h), use-wear (2 h), residues analysis (2 h) and a broad practical part (20 h) aimed to organize and carried out experimental sessions for reproducing replicas to be observed and discussed through the observation with various equipments.

rough the observation with various equipments.

Modulo: ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
Specific objectives

• Knowledge and understanding: The student will acquire the knowledge and understanding of theoretical issues in environmental archaeology as well as criteria for selecting the most appropriate methods for the various applications.
• Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: The student will acquire the ability to apply environmental issues to support archaeological case studies.
• Critical and judgmental capacities: The student will develop critical and judgmental skills by analysing case studies and defining appropriate methods to reconstruct palaeoenvironmental conditions from archaeological contexts. These skills will be developed through interaction with the lecturer during the course and through the preparation of a review.
• Communication skills: The student will be asked to interact in the analysis of case studies and during the lectures to identify the appropriate palaeoenvironmental methods for archaeological studies.
• Learning skills: The student will acquire the theoretical and practical ability to apply the palaeoenvironmental methods to archaeological studies so as to be able to replicate it to real case studies and for the formulation of project proposals.

Syllabus

• Introduction to Environmental Archaeology (2 h)
• Fossil remains: etymology and definition (2 h)
• Principles of pollen analysis. Interpretation of pollen records. Reconstruction of past flora, vegetation, climate, and environment (4 h)
• Palaeoecology and palaeoclimate (4 h)
• Human impact on past natural landscape. The transition from wild to domesticated plants: age and geographical distribution of the earliest remains of cereals, pulses, fruit trees and nuts, oil- and fibre-producing crops, ornamental plants, spices (4 h)

Laboratory and fieldwork:

• Sampling from archaeological contexts: planning and execution (6 h)
• Fieldwork excursion (4 h)

Review

Environmental archaeology: Applications and case studies (4 h)

Structure of the course

The course is structured in three phases:

• - theoretical part to analyse concepts, issues and the structure of environmental archaeology (16 hours)
• - laboratory of palynology and fieldwork (10 hours)
• - the revision of case studies in environmental archaeology (4 hours)

Modulo: EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY

• lavoro di campo di archeologia sperimentale

Modulo: ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY

• Inbterpretazione dei dati paleoecologici

EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
Per superare l'esame è necessario conseguire una votazione non inferiore a 18/30. Lo studente deve dimostrare di aver acquisito sufficienti conoscenze in archeologia sperimentale e ambientale. L'esame prevede una prova scritta, un test a risposta multipla e una prova orale sulle conoscenze acquisite.

ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
Per superare l'esame è necessario conseguire una votazione non inferiore a 18/30. Lo studente deve dimostrare di aver acquisito sufficienti conoscenze in archeologia sperimentale e ambientale. L'esame prevede una prova scritta, un test a risposta multipla e una prova orale sulle conoscenze acquisite.

EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
Modulo: EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
I materiali didattici, inclusi dispense, siti web tematici e articoli scientifici saranno distribuiti in classe e pubblicati su una pagina Google classroom dedicata.

Modulo: ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
Study material

Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
N/D
Modulo: ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
N/D

ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
Modulo: EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
I materiali didattici, inclusi dispense, siti web tematici e articoli scientifici saranno distribuiti in classe e pubblicati su una pagina Google classroom dedicata.

Modulo: ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
Study material

Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
N/D
Modulo: ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
N/D

This course is aimed to introduce and discuss the science of reconstructing the relationships between past societies and the significance of “experiment, experimental, reference collection through experiments” in archaeology, as well as the interactions between humans and their environment in the archaeological and historical past.

• Conoscenza e comprensione: Lo studente acquisirà la conoscenza e la comprensione delle questioni teoriche dell'archeologia ambientale, nonché i criteri per la selezione dei metodi più appropriati per le diverse applicazioni. Il corso presenterà casi studio relativi a diverse questioni archeologiche.
• Capacità di applicare conoscenza e comprensione: Lo studente acquisirà la capacità di applicare le problematiche ambientali a supporto di casi studio archeologici. Il corso sarà caratterizzato da un'ampia parte pratica volta a organizzare e condurre sessioni sperimentali per la riproduzione di repliche da osservare e discutere attraverso l'osservazione con strumentazione ottica e digitale. Dopo aver completato con successo questo modulo, gli studenti saranno in grado di dimostrare: Conoscenza generale delle analisi tecnologiche, di usura e di residui; Conoscenza generale di come e quando organizzare un protocollo sperimentale. Conoscenza di base dell'uso di OLM e SEM per analisi tecnologiche, di usura e di residui.
• Capacità critiche e di giudizio: Lo studente svilupperà capacità critiche e di giudizio analizzando casi studio e definendo metodi appropriati per ricostruire le condizioni paleoambientali a partire da contesti archeologici. Tali competenze saranno sviluppate attraverso l'interazione con il docente durante il corso e attraverso la preparazione di una review. Conoscenza generale di come e quando organizzare un protocollo sperimentale. Capacità di documentare un protocollo sperimentale e di valutare criticamente i risultati ottenuti in termini di tecnologia, usura e residui applicati a contesti archeologici.
• Abilità comunicative: allo studente verrà richiesto di interagire nell'analisi di casi studio e durante le lezioni per identificare i metodi paleoambientali appropriati per gli studi archeologici.
• Capacità di apprendimento: lo studente acquisirà la capacità teorica e pratica di applicare i metodi paleoambientali agli studi archeologici, in modo da poterli replicare in casi studio reali e per la formulazione di proposte progettuali.

Modulo: EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
This part of the course is dedicated to the discussion of experimental protocols aimed at reproducing activities with replicas of lithic, osseous, ceramic or metallic tools.

The students will learn how to organize an experimental protocol on the bases of the archaeological hypothesis that they want to verify; they will choose the controlled variables crucial to validate all the procedures.

The micro-modifications (use-wear) originated by the friction of the tools with the material worked and the micro-residues entrapped in the micro-surface will be documented in detail through macro, meso- and micro-observations with different optical, digital and electron scanning equipment and different noninvasive chemical techniques.

As a result, the course will allow the students to learn the principles of the use of experimental archaeology as a proxy for the functional study of the archeological tools.

• The course will be characterized by a broad practical part aimed to organize and carry out experimental sessions for reproducing replicas to be observed and discussed through observation with optical and digital equipment. Having successfully completed this module, students will be able to demonstrate:
• General knowledge of the technological, use-wear analysis and residues analyses;
• General knowledge of the experimental approach needed to create a reference collection.
• Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: General knowledge of how and when to organize an experimental protocol. Basic knowledge of the use of OLM and SEM for technological, use-wear and residues analyses
• Critical and judgmental capacities: Skill to document an experimental protocol and to critically evaluate the obtained results in terms of technology, use-wear and residues applied to archaeological contexts.

Communication skills

• Skill to clearly communicate the results of the analysis of an archaeological context or assemblage through experimental and archaeometric approaches
• Skill to communicate the results of the analysis to people not trained in archaeology
• Learning skills
• Skill to organize and realize an experimental protocol
• Skill to apply a preliminary technological and functional analysis of archeological items or replicas of them.

Organization of the course

The course will be characterized by a theoretical session dealing with the fundamentals of the experimental archaeology for building a reference collection (5 h), technological (1 h), use-wear (2 h), residues analysis (2 h) and a broad practical part (20 h) aimed to organize and carried out experimental sessions for reproducing replicas to be observed and discussed through the observation with various equipments.

rough the observation with various equipments.

Modulo: ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
Specific objectives

• Knowledge and understanding: The student will acquire the knowledge and understanding of theoretical issues in environmental archaeology as well as criteria for selecting the most appropriate methods for the various applications.
• Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: The student will acquire the ability to apply environmental issues to support archaeological case studies.
• Critical and judgmental capacities: The student will develop critical and judgmental skills by analysing case studies and defining appropriate methods to reconstruct palaeoenvironmental conditions from archaeological contexts. These skills will be developed through interaction with the lecturer during the course and through the preparation of a review.
• Communication skills: The student will be asked to interact in the analysis of case studies and during the lectures to identify the appropriate palaeoenvironmental methods for archaeological studies.
• Learning skills: The student will acquire the theoretical and practical ability to apply the palaeoenvironmental methods to archaeological studies so as to be able to replicate it to real case studies and for the formulation of project proposals.

Syllabus

• Introduction to Environmental Archaeology (2 h)
• Fossil remains: etymology and definition (2 h)
• Principles of pollen analysis. Interpretation of pollen records. Reconstruction of past flora, vegetation, climate, and environment (4 h)
• Palaeoecology and palaeoclimate (4 h)
• Human impact on past natural landscape. The transition from wild to domesticated plants: age and geographical distribution of the earliest remains of cereals, pulses, fruit trees and nuts, oil- and fibre-producing crops, ornamental plants, spices (4 h)

Laboratory and fieldwork:

• Sampling from archaeological contexts: planning and execution (6 h)
• Fieldwork excursion (4 h)

Review

Environmental archaeology: Applications and case studies (4 h)

Structure of the course

The course is structured in three phases:

• - theoretical part to analyse concepts, issues and the structure of environmental archaeology (16 hours)
• - laboratory of palynology and fieldwork (10 hours)
• - the revision of case studies in environmental archaeology (4 hours)

Modulo: EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY

• lavoro di campo di archeologia sperimentale

Modulo: ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY

• Inbterpretazione dei dati paleoecologici

Per superare l'esame è necessario conseguire una votazione non inferiore a 18/30. Lo studente deve dimostrare di aver acquisito sufficienti conoscenze in archeologia sperimentale e ambientale. L'esame prevede una prova scritta, un test a risposta multipla e una prova orale sulle conoscenze acquisite.

Modulo: EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
I materiali didattici, inclusi dispense, siti web tematici e articoli scientifici saranno distribuiti in classe e pubblicati su una pagina Google classroom dedicata.

Modulo: ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
Study material

Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
N/D
Modulo: ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
N/D

This course is aimed to introduce and discuss the science of reconstructing the relationships between past societies and the significance of “experiment, experimental, reference collection through experiments” in archaeology, as well as the interactions between humans and their environment in the archaeological and historical past.

• Conoscenza e comprensione: Lo studente acquisirà la conoscenza e la comprensione delle questioni teoriche dell'archeologia ambientale, nonché i criteri per la selezione dei metodi più appropriati per le diverse applicazioni. Il corso presenterà casi studio relativi a diverse questioni archeologiche.
• Capacità di applicare conoscenza e comprensione: Lo studente acquisirà la capacità di applicare le problematiche ambientali a supporto di casi studio archeologici. Il corso sarà caratterizzato da un'ampia parte pratica volta a organizzare e condurre sessioni sperimentali per la riproduzione di repliche da osservare e discutere attraverso l'osservazione con strumentazione ottica e digitale. Dopo aver completato con successo questo modulo, gli studenti saranno in grado di dimostrare: Conoscenza generale delle analisi tecnologiche, di usura e di residui; Conoscenza generale di come e quando organizzare un protocollo sperimentale. Conoscenza di base dell'uso di OLM e SEM per analisi tecnologiche, di usura e di residui.
• Capacità critiche e di giudizio: Lo studente svilupperà capacità critiche e di giudizio analizzando casi studio e definendo metodi appropriati per ricostruire le condizioni paleoambientali a partire da contesti archeologici. Tali competenze saranno sviluppate attraverso l'interazione con il docente durante il corso e attraverso la preparazione di una review. Conoscenza generale di come e quando organizzare un protocollo sperimentale. Capacità di documentare un protocollo sperimentale e di valutare criticamente i risultati ottenuti in termini di tecnologia, usura e residui applicati a contesti archeologici.
• Abilità comunicative: allo studente verrà richiesto di interagire nell'analisi di casi studio e durante le lezioni per identificare i metodi paleoambientali appropriati per gli studi archeologici.
• Capacità di apprendimento: lo studente acquisirà la capacità teorica e pratica di applicare i metodi paleoambientali agli studi archeologici, in modo da poterli replicare in casi studio reali e per la formulazione di proposte progettuali.

Modulo: EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
This part of the course is dedicated to the discussion of experimental protocols aimed at reproducing activities with replicas of lithic, osseous, ceramic or metallic tools.

The students will learn how to organize an experimental protocol on the bases of the archaeological hypothesis that they want to verify; they will choose the controlled variables crucial to validate all the procedures.

The micro-modifications (use-wear) originated by the friction of the tools with the material worked and the micro-residues entrapped in the micro-surface will be documented in detail through macro, meso- and micro-observations with different optical, digital and electron scanning equipment and different noninvasive chemical techniques.

As a result, the course will allow the students to learn the principles of the use of experimental archaeology as a proxy for the functional study of the archeological tools.

• The course will be characterized by a broad practical part aimed to organize and carry out experimental sessions for reproducing replicas to be observed and discussed through observation with optical and digital equipment. Having successfully completed this module, students will be able to demonstrate:
• General knowledge of the technological, use-wear analysis and residues analyses;
• General knowledge of the experimental approach needed to create a reference collection.
• Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: General knowledge of how and when to organize an experimental protocol. Basic knowledge of the use of OLM and SEM for technological, use-wear and residues analyses
• Critical and judgmental capacities: Skill to document an experimental protocol and to critically evaluate the obtained results in terms of technology, use-wear and residues applied to archaeological contexts.

Communication skills

• Skill to clearly communicate the results of the analysis of an archaeological context or assemblage through experimental and archaeometric approaches
• Skill to communicate the results of the analysis to people not trained in archaeology
• Learning skills
• Skill to organize and realize an experimental protocol
• Skill to apply a preliminary technological and functional analysis of archeological items or replicas of them.

Organization of the course

The course will be characterized by a theoretical session dealing with the fundamentals of the experimental archaeology for building a reference collection (5 h), technological (1 h), use-wear (2 h), residues analysis (2 h) and a broad practical part (20 h) aimed to organize and carried out experimental sessions for reproducing replicas to be observed and discussed through the observation with various equipments.

rough the observation with various equipments.

Modulo: ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
Specific objectives

• Knowledge and understanding: The student will acquire the knowledge and understanding of theoretical issues in environmental archaeology as well as criteria for selecting the most appropriate methods for the various applications.
• Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: The student will acquire the ability to apply environmental issues to support archaeological case studies.
• Critical and judgmental capacities: The student will develop critical and judgmental skills by analysing case studies and defining appropriate methods to reconstruct palaeoenvironmental conditions from archaeological contexts. These skills will be developed through interaction with the lecturer during the course and through the preparation of a review.
• Communication skills: The student will be asked to interact in the analysis of case studies and during the lectures to identify the appropriate palaeoenvironmental methods for archaeological studies.
• Learning skills: The student will acquire the theoretical and practical ability to apply the palaeoenvironmental methods to archaeological studies so as to be able to replicate it to real case studies and for the formulation of project proposals.

Syllabus

• Introduction to Environmental Archaeology (2 h)
• Fossil remains: etymology and definition (2 h)
• Principles of pollen analysis. Interpretation of pollen records. Reconstruction of past flora, vegetation, climate, and environment (4 h)
• Palaeoecology and palaeoclimate (4 h)
• Human impact on past natural landscape. The transition from wild to domesticated plants: age and geographical distribution of the earliest remains of cereals, pulses, fruit trees and nuts, oil- and fibre-producing crops, ornamental plants, spices (4 h)

Laboratory and fieldwork:

• Sampling from archaeological contexts: planning and execution (6 h)
• Fieldwork excursion (4 h)

Review

Environmental archaeology: Applications and case studies (4 h)

Structure of the course

The course is structured in three phases:

• - theoretical part to analyse concepts, issues and the structure of environmental archaeology (16 hours)
• - laboratory of palynology and fieldwork (10 hours)
• - the revision of case studies in environmental archaeology (4 hours)

Modulo: EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY

• lavoro di campo di archeologia sperimentale

Modulo: ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY

• Inbterpretazione dei dati paleoecologici

Per superare l'esame è necessario conseguire una votazione non inferiore a 18/30. Lo studente deve dimostrare di aver acquisito sufficienti conoscenze in archeologia sperimentale e ambientale. L'esame prevede una prova scritta, un test a risposta multipla e una prova orale sulle conoscenze acquisite.

Modulo: EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
I materiali didattici, inclusi dispense, siti web tematici e articoli scientifici saranno distribuiti in classe e pubblicati su una pagina Google classroom dedicata.

Modulo: ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
Study material

Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
N/D
Modulo: ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
N/D

At the end of the course the student will have acquired a knowledge on the use of Geographic Information Systems in in archaeological sciences and an understanding of a range of ideas about quantitative approaches to archaeology from how to make better graphs to how we can phrase archaeological questions in a range of quantitative ways.

Modulo: STATISTICAL TOOLS

• Identify types of variables (quantitative, categorical, continuous and discontinuous)
• Compute descriptive statistics and central measures of a distribution
• Test the normality of distributions and normalize non-normal data
• Carry out bivariate and multivariate correlation and linear regression analyses
• Formulate and test scientific hypotheses based on statistical analyses
• Develop a data collection and processing methodology based on the hypotheses formulated
• Create graphs and summary tables to view analysis results
• Comment on the results of the analyzes based on the knowledge acquired and the existing literature

Modulo: GIS

• Obtain spatialized data from online repositories
• Loading and dressing raster and vector layers
• Creation of map layouts
• Digitization of points, lines and polygons
• Collection of spatialized data in the field
• Slope and aspect analysis from digital elevation models
• Calculation of multispectral indices
• Creation of geodatabases
• Calculation of distances, perimeters and areas
• Calculation of spatial statistics
• Join of attributes by value and position

Modulo: STATISTICAL TOOLS

• Statistica descrittiva 1: media, moda e mediana. Esempi di calcolo e differenze tra i momenti. Uso dei fogli di calcolo di MS Excel per le elaborazioni.
• Statistica descrittiva 2: analisi della variabilità dei dati intorno alla media e alla mediana. Presentazione e uso di software open source per l'analisi statistica.
• Statistica descrittiva 3: Calcolo della varianza, della deviazione standard, dell'errore standard, del coefficiente di variazione. Valutazione delle diverse fluttuazioni intorno alla media.
• Introduzione al concetto di normalità dei dati. Curva gaussiana e suo uso nell'analisi statistica. Normalizzazione dei dati. Trasformazione dei dati ai fini della normalizzazione.
• Analisi della varianza ANOVA ad una via. Confronto fra medie. Introduzione ai concetti e all'uso dell'ANOVA. Esempi di calcolo della ANOVA.
• Introduzione all'ANOVA a due vie e presentazione di esempi di calcolo. Test di Neumann-Keuls, Bonferroni, di Tukey.
• Analisi di correlazione. Significato di r e di r^2. Concetto di modello statistico. Introduzione alla regressione lineare. Calcolo dei coefficienti

della regressione lineare e loro significato.

• Applicazione dei modelli regressivi lineari a fini predittivi. Uso di "large database". Applicazione dell'analisi di regressione lineare mediante l'uso di software open source.
• Analisi di regressione lineare multipla. Valutazione della significatività statistica dei coefficienti e del modello statistico. Applicazioni.
• Approcci e metodi di analisi statistica in archeologia. Analisi spaziale, Seriazione, Diversità di raggruppamento.

Modulo: GIS
Introduzione generale

• Concetti di base sui Sistemi Informativi Geografici
• Software GIS: applicazioni desktop, webGIS, alternative commerciali e open source
• Tipologie di mappe digitali: vettori, raster e relative caratteristiche
• Sistemi di georeferenziazione e proiezione
• Potenziale utilizzo del GIS, presentazione di casi studio

Tipi di dati geografici

• Livelli vettoriali e mappe tematiche
• Modelli digitali di elevazione e modelli digitali del terreno
• Immagini satellitari multispettrali
• Trasformazioni e indici spettrali: NDVI, NDWI, NDSI, rivelazione incendi ecc.
• Dati climatici e pedologici
• Dati Land Cover e Land Cover Change
• Repository online di dati GIS Open Source

Operazioni di base in QGIS

• Browser, gestore delle sorgenti dati e caricamento dei dati
• Interfaccia della mappa e navigazione
• Stili di visualizzazione ed etichettatura dei livelli
• Raggruppamento di livelli e temi
• Gestore del layout e rendering delle mappe
• Modifica vettoriale di base

Operazioni avanzate con dati GIS

• Modifica vettoriale avanzata
• Modifica del database e calcolatore di campi
• Analisi vettoriale e geoprocessing
• Calcolatore raster
• Conversione vettore-raster
• Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL): principali funzioni e utilizzo
• Statistiche spaziali e join spaziale

Nozioni di base sul telerilevamento

• Satelliti e telerilevamento
• Spettro EM e bande RS
• Risoluzione spaziale e temporale
• Fonti di dati RS gratuite e commerciali
• Missioni di telerilevamento e prodotti correlati
• Visualizzazione dati RS: RGB e falsi colori
• Segmentazione, classificazione non supervisionata e supervisionata dei dati RS

Applicazioni webGIS

• Concetti di base sul webGIS
• Google Earth Engine Explorer e Playground
• Introduzione a GEE Playground: script, risorse e funzionamento di base
• Accesso a set di dati globali ed elaborazione delle immagini in GEE Playground
• EarthMap, un'interfaccia grafica per il Playground GEE

Geodatabase

• Concetti di base sui database
• Sistemi di gestione di Data Base Relazionali
• PostgreSQL e PostGIS
• Operazioni SQL di base: sintassi SELECT, UPDATE, CREATE, DROP
• Operazioni base di PostGIS: funzioni “st_”
• Creazione di un semplice geodatabase
• Accesso e gestione di geodatabase da QGIS

Modulo: STATISTICAL TOOLS
N/D
Modulo: GIS
N/D

Modulo: STATISTICAL TOOLS
L'esame orale consisterà in una valutazione della capacità di analisi di un data set di esempio. I concetti erogati durante il corso verranno applicati ad un dataset fornito dal docente, e verrà effettuata la correzione degli errori di analisi e di valutazione.

Oltre all'analisi del dataset, potranno essere poste alcune domande teoriche relative ai concetti erogati durante il corso.

Modulo: GIS
L'esame orale consisterà nella presentazione di un semplice progetto di elaborazione di cartografie digitali, realizzato attraverso le competenze acquisite e gli strumenti utilizzati durante le lezioni. La presentazione dovrà includere un inquadramento generale della tematica e dell'area di studio ed una illustrazione dettagliata della metodologia adottata e dei risultati ottenuti. Il tema della presentazione potrà essere concordato con il docente negli orari di lezione o di ricevimento.

Oltre alla valutazione del progetto, potranno essere poste alcune domande teoriche relative alla metodologia adottata per la realizzazione del progetto stesso.

Modulo: STATISTICAL TOOLS
Testo di riferimento: Carlson, D.L. Quantitative methods in Archaeology using R. Cambridge University Press, 2017. 455 pp.

Slides utilizzate dal docente durante le lezioni e fornite agli studenti

Materiale per le esercitazioni pratiche fornito dal docente

Modulo: GIS
Slides di teoria utilizzate dal docente e fornite agli studenti

Materiale per le esercitazioni pratiche fornito dal docente

Testi da consultare per le applicazioni pratiche:

QGIS.org, 2023. QGIS 3.28. Geographic Information System User Guide. QGIS Association. Formato digitale: https://docs.qgis.org/3.28/en/docs/user_manual/index.html

Cardille J.A., Clinton N., Crowley M.A., Saah D. (eds.) Cloud-Based Remote Sensing with Google Earth Engine: Fundamentals and Applications. Formato digitale: https://www.eefabook.org/go-to-the-book.html

Risorse online per le applicazioni pratiche:

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/reference-data/administrative-units-statistical-units/countries

https://gadm.org/index.html

https://openlandmap.org/

https://chelsa-climate.org/

https://earthengine.google.com/

https://earthmap.org/

Modulo: STATISTICAL TOOLS
N/D
Modulo: GIS
N/D

At the end of the course the student will have acquired a knowledge on the use of Geographic Information Systems in in archaeological sciences and an understanding of a range of ideas about quantitative approaches to archaeology from how to make better graphs to how we can phrase archaeological questions in a range of quantitative ways.

STATISTICAL TOOLS
Modulo: STATISTICAL TOOLS

• Statistica descrittiva 1: media, moda e mediana. Esempi di calcolo e differenze tra i momenti. Uso dei fogli di calcolo di MS Excel per le elaborazioni.
• Statistica descrittiva 2: analisi della variabilità dei dati intorno alla media e alla mediana. Presentazione e uso di software open source per l'analisi statistica.
• Statistica descrittiva 3: Calcolo della varianza, della deviazione standard, dell'errore standard, del coefficiente di variazione. Valutazione delle diverse fluttuazioni intorno alla media.
• Introduzione al concetto di normalità dei dati. Curva gaussiana e suo uso nell'analisi statistica. Normalizzazione dei dati. Trasformazione dei dati ai fini della normalizzazione.
• Analisi della varianza ANOVA ad una via. Confronto fra medie. Introduzione ai concetti e all'uso dell'ANOVA. Esempi di calcolo della ANOVA.
• Introduzione all'ANOVA a due vie e presentazione di esempi di calcolo. Test di Neumann-Keuls, Bonferroni, di Tukey.
• Analisi di correlazione. Significato di r e di r^2. Concetto di modello statistico. Introduzione alla regressione lineare. Calcolo dei coefficienti

della regressione lineare e loro significato.

• Applicazione dei modelli regressivi lineari a fini predittivi. Uso di "large database". Applicazione dell'analisi di regressione lineare mediante l'uso di software open source.
• Analisi di regressione lineare multipla. Valutazione della significatività statistica dei coefficienti e del modello statistico. Applicazioni.
• Approcci e metodi di analisi statistica in archeologia. Analisi spaziale, Seriazione, Diversità di raggruppamento.

Modulo: GIS
Introduzione generale

• Concetti di base sui Sistemi Informativi Geografici
• Software GIS: applicazioni desktop, webGIS, alternative commerciali e open source
• Tipologie di mappe digitali: vettori, raster e relative caratteristiche
• Sistemi di georeferenziazione e proiezione
• Potenziale utilizzo del GIS, presentazione di casi studio

Tipi di dati geografici

• Livelli vettoriali e mappe tematiche
• Modelli digitali di elevazione e modelli digitali del terreno
• Immagini satellitari multispettrali
• Trasformazioni e indici spettrali: NDVI, NDWI, NDSI, rivelazione incendi ecc.
• Dati climatici e pedologici
• Dati Land Cover e Land Cover Change
• Repository online di dati GIS Open Source

Operazioni di base in QGIS

• Browser, gestore delle sorgenti dati e caricamento dei dati
• Interfaccia della mappa e navigazione
• Stili di visualizzazione ed etichettatura dei livelli
• Raggruppamento di livelli e temi
• Gestore del layout e rendering delle mappe
• Modifica vettoriale di base

Operazioni avanzate con dati GIS

• Modifica vettoriale avanzata
• Modifica del database e calcolatore di campi
• Analisi vettoriale e geoprocessing
• Calcolatore raster
• Conversione vettore-raster
• Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL): principali funzioni e utilizzo
• Statistiche spaziali e join spaziale

Nozioni di base sul telerilevamento

• Satelliti e telerilevamento
• Spettro EM e bande RS
• Risoluzione spaziale e temporale
• Fonti di dati RS gratuite e commerciali
• Missioni di telerilevamento e prodotti correlati
• Visualizzazione dati RS: RGB e falsi colori
• Segmentazione, classificazione non supervisionata e supervisionata dei dati RS

Applicazioni webGIS

• Concetti di base sul webGIS
• Google Earth Engine Explorer e Playground
• Introduzione a GEE Playground: script, risorse e funzionamento di base
• Accesso a set di dati globali ed elaborazione delle immagini in GEE Playground
• EarthMap, un'interfaccia grafica per il Playground GEE

Geodatabase

• Concetti di base sui database
• Sistemi di gestione di Data Base Relazionali
• PostgreSQL e PostGIS
• Operazioni SQL di base: sintassi SELECT, UPDATE, CREATE, DROP
• Operazioni base di PostGIS: funzioni “st_”
• Creazione di un semplice geodatabase
• Accesso e gestione di geodatabase da QGIS

Modulo: STATISTICAL TOOLS
N/D
Modulo: GIS
N/D

GIS
Modulo: STATISTICAL TOOLS

• Statistica descrittiva 1: media, moda e mediana. Esempi di calcolo e differenze tra i momenti. Uso dei fogli di calcolo di MS Excel per le elaborazioni.
• Statistica descrittiva 2: analisi della variabilità dei dati intorno alla media e alla mediana. Presentazione e uso di software open source per l'analisi statistica.
• Statistica descrittiva 3: Calcolo della varianza, della deviazione standard, dell'errore standard, del coefficiente di variazione. Valutazione delle diverse fluttuazioni intorno alla media.
• Introduzione al concetto di normalità dei dati. Curva gaussiana e suo uso nell'analisi statistica. Normalizzazione dei dati. Trasformazione dei dati ai fini della normalizzazione.
• Analisi della varianza ANOVA ad una via. Confronto fra medie. Introduzione ai concetti e all'uso dell'ANOVA. Esempi di calcolo della ANOVA.
• Introduzione all'ANOVA a due vie e presentazione di esempi di calcolo. Test di Neumann-Keuls, Bonferroni, di Tukey.
• Analisi di correlazione. Significato di r e di r^2. Concetto di modello statistico. Introduzione alla regressione lineare. Calcolo dei coefficienti

della regressione lineare e loro significato.

• Applicazione dei modelli regressivi lineari a fini predittivi. Uso di "large database". Applicazione dell'analisi di regressione lineare mediante l'uso di software open source.
• Analisi di regressione lineare multipla. Valutazione della significatività statistica dei coefficienti e del modello statistico. Applicazioni.
• Approcci e metodi di analisi statistica in archeologia. Analisi spaziale, Seriazione, Diversità di raggruppamento.

Modulo: GIS
Introduzione generale

• Concetti di base sui Sistemi Informativi Geografici
• Software GIS: applicazioni desktop, webGIS, alternative commerciali e open source
• Tipologie di mappe digitali: vettori, raster e relative caratteristiche
• Sistemi di georeferenziazione e proiezione
• Potenziale utilizzo del GIS, presentazione di casi studio

Tipi di dati geografici

• Livelli vettoriali e mappe tematiche
• Modelli digitali di elevazione e modelli digitali del terreno
• Immagini satellitari multispettrali
• Trasformazioni e indici spettrali: NDVI, NDWI, NDSI, rivelazione incendi ecc.
• Dati climatici e pedologici
• Dati Land Cover e Land Cover Change
• Repository online di dati GIS Open Source

Operazioni di base in QGIS

• Browser, gestore delle sorgenti dati e caricamento dei dati
• Interfaccia della mappa e navigazione
• Stili di visualizzazione ed etichettatura dei livelli
• Raggruppamento di livelli e temi
• Gestore del layout e rendering delle mappe
• Modifica vettoriale di base

Operazioni avanzate con dati GIS

• Modifica vettoriale avanzata
• Modifica del database e calcolatore di campi
• Analisi vettoriale e geoprocessing
• Calcolatore raster
• Conversione vettore-raster
• Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL): principali funzioni e utilizzo
• Statistiche spaziali e join spaziale

Nozioni di base sul telerilevamento

• Satelliti e telerilevamento
• Spettro EM e bande RS
• Risoluzione spaziale e temporale
• Fonti di dati RS gratuite e commerciali
• Missioni di telerilevamento e prodotti correlati
• Visualizzazione dati RS: RGB e falsi colori
• Segmentazione, classificazione non supervisionata e supervisionata dei dati RS

Applicazioni webGIS

• Concetti di base sul webGIS
• Google Earth Engine Explorer e Playground
• Introduzione a GEE Playground: script, risorse e funzionamento di base
• Accesso a set di dati globali ed elaborazione delle immagini in GEE Playground
• EarthMap, un'interfaccia grafica per il Playground GEE

Geodatabase

• Concetti di base sui database
• Sistemi di gestione di Data Base Relazionali
• PostgreSQL e PostGIS
• Operazioni SQL di base: sintassi SELECT, UPDATE, CREATE, DROP
• Operazioni base di PostGIS: funzioni “st_”
• Creazione di un semplice geodatabase
• Accesso e gestione di geodatabase da QGIS

Modulo: STATISTICAL TOOLS
N/D
Modulo: GIS
N/D

STATISTICAL TOOLS
Modulo: STATISTICAL TOOLS
L'esame orale consisterà in una valutazione della capacità di analisi di un data set di esempio. I concetti erogati durante il corso verranno applicati ad un dataset fornito dal docente, e verrà effettuata la correzione degli errori di analisi e di valutazione.

Oltre all'analisi del dataset, potranno essere poste alcune domande teoriche relative ai concetti erogati durante il corso.

Modulo: GIS
L'esame orale consisterà nella presentazione di un semplice progetto di elaborazione di cartografie digitali, realizzato attraverso le competenze acquisite e gli strumenti utilizzati durante le lezioni. La presentazione dovrà includere un inquadramento generale della tematica e dell'area di studio ed una illustrazione dettagliata della metodologia adottata e dei risultati ottenuti. Il tema della presentazione potrà essere concordato con il docente negli orari di lezione o di ricevimento.

Oltre alla valutazione del progetto, potranno essere poste alcune domande teoriche relative alla metodologia adottata per la realizzazione del progetto stesso.

GIS
Modulo: STATISTICAL TOOLS
L'esame orale consisterà in una valutazione della capacità di analisi di un data set di esempio. I concetti erogati durante il corso verranno applicati ad un dataset fornito dal docente, e verrà effettuata la correzione degli errori di analisi e di valutazione.

Oltre all'analisi del dataset, potranno essere poste alcune domande teoriche relative ai concetti erogati durante il corso.

Modulo: GIS
L'esame orale consisterà nella presentazione di un semplice progetto di elaborazione di cartografie digitali, realizzato attraverso le competenze acquisite e gli strumenti utilizzati durante le lezioni. La presentazione dovrà includere un inquadramento generale della tematica e dell'area di studio ed una illustrazione dettagliata della metodologia adottata e dei risultati ottenuti. Il tema della presentazione potrà essere concordato con il docente negli orari di lezione o di ricevimento.

Oltre alla valutazione del progetto, potranno essere poste alcune domande teoriche relative alla metodologia adottata per la realizzazione del progetto stesso.

STATISTICAL TOOLS
Modulo: STATISTICAL TOOLS
Testo di riferimento: Carlson, D.L. Quantitative methods in Archaeology using R. Cambridge University Press, 2017. 455 pp.

Slides utilizzate dal docente durante le lezioni e fornite agli studenti

Materiale per le esercitazioni pratiche fornito dal docente

Modulo: GIS
Slides di teoria utilizzate dal docente e fornite agli studenti

Materiale per le esercitazioni pratiche fornito dal docente

Testi da consultare per le applicazioni pratiche:

QGIS.org, 2023. QGIS 3.28. Geographic Information System User Guide. QGIS Association. Formato digitale: https://docs.qgis.org/3.28/en/docs/user_manual/index.html

Cardille J.A., Clinton N., Crowley M.A., Saah D. (eds.) Cloud-Based Remote Sensing with Google Earth Engine: Fundamentals and Applications. Formato digitale: https://www.eefabook.org/go-to-the-book.html

Risorse online per le applicazioni pratiche:

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/reference-data/administrative-units-statistical-units/countries

https://gadm.org/index.html

https://openlandmap.org/

https://chelsa-climate.org/

https://earthengine.google.com/

https://earthmap.org/

Modulo: STATISTICAL TOOLS
N/D
Modulo: GIS
N/D

GIS
Modulo: STATISTICAL TOOLS
Testo di riferimento: Carlson, D.L. Quantitative methods in Archaeology using R. Cambridge University Press, 2017. 455 pp.

Slides utilizzate dal docente durante le lezioni e fornite agli studenti

Materiale per le esercitazioni pratiche fornito dal docente

Modulo: GIS
Slides di teoria utilizzate dal docente e fornite agli studenti

Materiale per le esercitazioni pratiche fornito dal docente

Testi da consultare per le applicazioni pratiche:

QGIS.org, 2023. QGIS 3.28. Geographic Information System User Guide. QGIS Association. Formato digitale: https://docs.qgis.org/3.28/en/docs/user_manual/index.html

Cardille J.A., Clinton N., Crowley M.A., Saah D. (eds.) Cloud-Based Remote Sensing with Google Earth Engine: Fundamentals and Applications. Formato digitale: https://www.eefabook.org/go-to-the-book.html

Risorse online per le applicazioni pratiche:

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/reference-data/administrative-units-statistical-units/countries

https://gadm.org/index.html

https://openlandmap.org/

https://chelsa-climate.org/

https://earthengine.google.com/

https://earthmap.org/

Modulo: STATISTICAL TOOLS
N/D
Modulo: GIS
N/D

The course introduces to general knowledge and updated data regarding the human bio-variability, with reference to populations of the past and species of the deep time. Skills in critical analysis and presentation will be developed in presenting one or more case-studies.

Conoscenza e comprensione: Lo studente acquisirà conoscenze sul record bioarcheologico, con particolare attenzione alle metodologie e ai casi di studio in paleoantropologia e biologia scheletrica. Pertanto acquisirà le competenze necessarie sulle dinamiche adattative in relazione alla distribuzione geografica e ai contesti culturali specifici, in una prospettiva diacronica.

Capacità di applicare conoscenza e comprensione: Lo studente acquisirà competenze per utilizzare metodi di analisi e valutazione critica della biodiversità umana, con particolare riferimento all'interazione tra fenomeni biologici e pratiche culturali.

Capacità critiche e di giudizio: Attraverso la documentazione e l'analisi di uno o più casi di studio, lo studente svilupperà la sua capacità di discutere criticamente le fonti biologiche, archeologiche e storiche.

Capacità di comunicazione: Lo studente acquisirà capacità di pensiero critico e abilità nel parlare in pubblico, mediante la presentazione dei risultati dello studio analitico e critico di uno o più casi studio. Sarà favorita l'interazione con gli altri studenti e con il docente.

Capacità di apprendimento: Lo studente acquisirà il linguaggio proprio della bioarcheologia, della paleoantropologia e della morfologia scheletrica, con riferimento alla variabilità umana nel passato, essendo in grado di affrontare autonomamente i libri di testo e la letteratura più specializzata.

• Anatomia scheletro
• Testi di riferimento: White, Tim D., and Pieter A. Folkens. Human osteology. Gulf Professional Publishing, 2000.
• Determinazione sesso ed età alla morte
• Testi di riferimento: White, Tim D., and Pieter A. Folkens. Human osteology. Gulf Professional Publishing, 2000.
• Osteobiografia
• Testi di riferimento: Hosek, Lauren, and John Robb. "Osteobiography: A platform for bioarchaeological research." Bioarchaeology international 3.1 (2019): 1.

L'esame è orale e prevede una valutazione in itinere su un caso studio convenuto. Per superare l'esame occorre conseguire un voto non inferiore a 18/30. Lo studente deve dimostrare di aver acquisito una conoscenza sufficiente degli argomenti trattati a lezione e di aver letto e acquisito in maniera critica la letteratura distribuita durante il corso. Per conseguire un punteggio pari a 30/30 e lode, lo studente deve invece dimostrare di aver acquisito una conoscenza eccellente di tutti gli argomenti trattati durante il corso, essendo in grado di raccordarli in modo logico e coerente e di saper discutere in maniera critica e ragionata la letteratura distribuita durante il corso, collegandola opportunamente agli argomenti affrontati. Viene valutato in maniera particolarmente positiva il saper dimostrare di aver compiuto una ricerca bibliografica indipendente, legata alla volontà di approfondire alcuni temi di particolare interesse.

• C.S. Larsen. 2015. Bioarchaeology: Interpreting Behavior from the Human Skeleton. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• T.D. White, M.T. Black, P.A. Folkens. 2011. Human Osteology. Academic Press, New York. Third Edition.
• M.A. Katzenberg & S. Saunders. 2008. Biological anthropology of the human skeleton. Second Edition. Academic Press, New York.
• Durante lo svolgimento del corso verrà distribuito materiale di approfondimento

This course is composed of two modules dealing with the identification of biological materials from archaeological sites and physical methods applied to the study of archaeological materials, respecyively. For this reason it includes extensive sessions of laboratory work.

Learning Outcomes Physical Methods Module

• Knowledge and understanding: The student will acquire the knowledge of basic concepts in condensed matter physics and how these relate to specific analysis techniques.
• Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: The student will acquire the ability to interpret microscopy, imaging, x-ray, and radioactivity data from archeological

materials.

• Critical and judgmental capacities: The student will develop critical and judgmental skills by analysing case studies and defining appropriate physical methods for

archaeological studies. These skills will be developed through interaction with the lecturer during the course.

• Communication skills: The student will be asked to interact in the analysis of study materials and during the lectures to identify the appropriate physical methods in archaeological studies.
• Learning skills: The student will acquire the theoretical and practical ability to apply physical methods to the identification and dating of archeological materials.

Learning Outcomes Biological Methods Module

The student will acquire knowledge of the main biological indicators and relative methododologies for environmental reconstructions in Archaeological contexts.

• Knowledge and understanding: The student will acquire the knowledge of fossilization processes and identification methods of plant and animal remains, as well as criteria for selecting the most appropriate methods for the various applications.
• Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: The student will acquire the ability to identify biological remains to support archaeological case studies.
• Critical and judgmental capacities: The student will develop critical and judgmental skills by analysing case studies and defining appropriate biological methods for archaeological studies. These skills will be developed through interaction with the lecturer during the course.
• Communication skills: The student will be asked to interact in the analysis of study materials and during the lectures to identify the appropriate biological methods in archaeological studies.
• Learning skills: The student will acquire the theoretical and practical ability to apply the identification of fossil remains to archaeological interpretations so as to be able to replicate it to real case studies and for the formulation of project proposals.

Modulo: PHYSICAL METHODS
− Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Waves and Radiation-Matter Interaction (8 h)

− Measurement Theory (4 h)

− Optical microscopy, imaging, optical instruments (4 h)

− Electronic microscopy, scanning and transmission (1 h)

− Optical spectroscopy and colorimetry (4 h)

− Multiband and Hyperspectral Imaging in Reflectance and Photo-induced Luminescence

modes (4 h)

− X-Ray fluorescence, X-Ray diffraction and tomography, Synchrotron radiation (6 h)

− Vibrational spectroscopy, Raman and IR (6 h)

− Radiocarbon dating, Isotope analysis, tracking and provenance (2 h)

− Thermoluminescence dating (2 h)

− Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (4h)

Modulo: BIOLOGICAL METHODS
Syllabus

 Macrofossils and microfossils (4 h)

 Conditions for preservation of plant and animal remains (2 h)

 Different types of plant and animal remains (4 h)

Laboratory work:

 Identification of fossil woods (2 h)

 Laboratory work on diatoms, phytoliths and cuticles (2 h)

 Laboratory on Pollen morphology (2 h)Identification of Non-Pollen Palynomorphs (2 h)

 Arthropods in environmental reconstructions (2 h)

 Faunal remains (2 h)

 Ancient DNA (2 h)

 Proxies for Sea Level Change (2 h)

 Fieldtrip excursion (4 h)

Structure of the course

The course is structured in two phases:

 theoretical part to analyse concepts, issues and the structure of environmental archaeology (10 hours)

 laboratory of biological remains from archaeological contexts and fieldtrip excursion (20 hours)

Modulo: PHYSICAL METHODS

• Ground-penetrating radar and time-domain

reflectometry

• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Measurement Theory
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Optical Imaging and Scanning electron microscopy
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• X-Ray analysis
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Optical Spectroscopy, Multispectral Imaging and Colorimetry
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Infrared Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform

Spectrometers

• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Raman Spectroscopy
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Thermoluminescence dating
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes
• Radiocarbon dating
• Testi di riferimento: Course notes

Modulo: BIOLOGICAL METHODS
N/D

The "Biological Methods" module exam consists of an oral exam and a 30-question multiple-choice written quiz.

The evaluation is based on an oral examination and on the description of specific physical methods in various archaeological contexts. Students will prepare a two-page paper on a Case Study and discuss it during the exam. They will also answer two questions from the course material. The Case Study accounts for half of the grade (max 15/30), each question for up to 7/30, and the Measurement Theory assignment may add 1 point.

The mean of the exam's Physical Methods and Biological Methods scores determines the final score.

Modulo: PHYSICAL METHODS
Teaching materials, including course notes, handouts prepared by the professor, thematic websites, scientific articles, and textbooks specific to each topic, will be distributed in class and made available through a dedicated Sapienza Google Site page.

Modulo: BIOLOGICAL METHODS
Teaching materials, including handouts, thematic websites and scientific articles will be distributed in class and posted on a dedicated Moodle page.

Modulo: PHYSICAL METHODS
N/D
Modulo: BIOLOGICAL METHODS
N/D

The course is aimed at giving a general overview of Roman archaeology, being focused on the main artistic, architectural and urban topics of Rome and of the Roman Empire. It is expected that the students can acquire autonomous competences in evaluating and interpreting Roman art and architecture, through the analysis of selected and paradigmatic examples. The possibility of visiting, during the course, some main sites and monuments at Rome will give the opportunity for interactive activities and seminars, which will improve the critical capacities of the students, useful for their future career.

The course will cover a wide range of topics within Roman archaeology, such as urbanism, architecture (public and private buildings, temples, tombs etc.), sculpture, painting, mosaics, numismatics and material culture, in order to offer a thorough idea of the main aspects of Roman life and society. Following a short introduction focused on the historical background, offering a diachronic outline of the evolution of Roman culture from its origins into Republican Rome and then into the Empire, it will then examine various selected sources of archaeological evidence. Specific focus will be given to Rome, analysing its main buildings and monuments, including temples, baths, fora, and the related decoration and sculpture. This information will be compared with that of cities and monuments in Italy and in the whole Roman Empire, extending to the Mediterranean and to some European countries. It will be possible then to examine how Roman art and culture spread in a so wide geographical area and which were the peculiar features characterising the provinces if compared with the capital city. A large emphasis throughout the course will be given also on methodologies of archaeological research and on how modern techniques applied to archaeological evidence can help in reconstructing specific aspects of ancient lifestyle and environment.

Structure of the course

This course will be taught primarily in a lecture format with projection of slides and videos, providing an overview of the archaeology and art of ancient Rome. Through seminar presentations and guided excursions to a number of monuments and Museums in Rome, essential skills will be trained and the students will be able to give an interpretation of the evidence in the broadest possible context.

• Introduction and historical background, evolution of Roman culture (4 h lecture)
• buildings and monuments, including temples, baths, fora, and the related decoration and sculpture (20 h lecture; 20 h laboratory)
• Cities and monuments in Italy and in the whole Roman Empire, extending to the

Mediterranean and to some European countries (6 h lecture, 4 h laboratory)

• modern techniques applied to Roman archaeology (6 h laboratory)

The exams will be in both written and oral form. The written part will consist in recognising and describing, through images, some of the features of Roman art and architecture examined during the lessons and the excursions. The oral part will focus mainly on the evaluation of the acquired capacities of the student in understanding Roman archaeology in its historical and political context.

Selected chapters from: A. Claridge, Rome. An Oxford Archaeological Guide, Oxford 2010; R.B. Ulrich, C.K. Quenemoen, A Companion to Roman Architecture, Chichester 2014.

General objectives The aim of the madule is to introduce the student to the analysis of archaeological materials using the methods typical of condensed-matter physics and material science. The course includes both lectures and lab sessions.
Specific objectives - Knowledge and understanding: The student will acquire the knowledge of basic concepts in condensed matter physics and how these relate to specific analysis techniques. - Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: The student will acquire the ability to interpret microscopy, imaging, x-ray, and radioactivity data from archeological materials. - Critical and judgmental capacities: The student will develop critical and judgmental skills by analysing case studies and defining appropriate physical methods for archaeological studies. These skills will be developed through interaction with the lecturer during the course. - Communication skills: The student will be asked to interact in the analysis of study materials and during the lectures to identify the appropriate physical methods in archaeological studies. - Learning skills: The student will acquire the theoretical and practical ability to apply physical methods to the identification and dating of archeological materials.

At the end of the course the student will have acquired a knowledge on the use of Geographic Information Systems in in archaeological sciences and an understanding of a range of ideas about quantitative approaches to archaeology from how to make better graphs to how we can phrase archaeological questions in a range of quantitative ways.

Modulo: STATISTICAL TOOLS

• Identify types of variables (quantitative, categorical, continuous and discontinuous)
• Compute descriptive statistics and central measures of a distribution
• Test the normality of distributions and normalize non-normal data
• Carry out bivariate and multivariate correlation and linear regression analyses
• Formulate and test scientific hypotheses based on statistical analyses
• Develop a data collection and processing methodology based on the hypotheses formulated
• Create graphs and summary tables to view analysis results
• Comment on the results of the analyzes based on the knowledge acquired and the existing literature

Modulo: GIS

• Obtain spatialized data from online repositories
• Loading and dressing raster and vector layers
• Creation of map layouts
• Digitization of points, lines and polygons
• Collection of spatialized data in the field
• Slope and aspect analysis from digital elevation models
• Calculation of multispectral indices
• Creation of geodatabases
• Calculation of distances, perimeters and areas
• Calculation of spatial statistics
• Join of attributes by value and position

Modulo: STATISTICAL TOOLS

• Statistica descrittiva 1: media, moda e mediana. Esempi di calcolo e differenze tra i momenti. Uso dei fogli di calcolo di MS Excel per le elaborazioni.
• Statistica descrittiva 2: analisi della variabilità dei dati intorno alla media e alla mediana. Presentazione e uso di software open source per l'analisi statistica.
• Statistica descrittiva 3: Calcolo della varianza, della deviazione standard, dell'errore standard, del coefficiente di variazione. Valutazione delle diverse fluttuazioni intorno alla media.
• Introduzione al concetto di normalità dei dati. Curva gaussiana e suo uso nell'analisi statistica. Normalizzazione dei dati. Trasformazione dei dati ai fini della normalizzazione.
• Analisi della varianza ANOVA ad una via. Confronto fra medie. Introduzione ai concetti e all'uso dell'ANOVA. Esempi di calcolo della ANOVA.
• Introduzione all'ANOVA a due vie e presentazione di esempi di calcolo. Test di Neumann-Keuls, Bonferroni, di Tukey.
• Analisi di correlazione. Significato di r e di r^2. Concetto di modello statistico. Introduzione alla regressione lineare. Calcolo dei coefficienti

della regressione lineare e loro significato.

• Applicazione dei modelli regressivi lineari a fini predittivi. Uso di "large database". Applicazione dell'analisi di regressione lineare mediante l'uso di software open source.
• Analisi di regressione lineare multipla. Valutazione della significatività statistica dei coefficienti e del modello statistico. Applicazioni.
• Approcci e metodi di analisi statistica in archeologia. Analisi spaziale, Seriazione, Diversità di raggruppamento.

Modulo: GIS
Introduzione generale

• Concetti di base sui Sistemi Informativi Geografici
• Software GIS: applicazioni desktop, webGIS, alternative commerciali e open source
• Tipologie di mappe digitali: vettori, raster e relative caratteristiche
• Sistemi di georeferenziazione e proiezione
• Potenziale utilizzo del GIS, presentazione di casi studio

Tipi di dati geografici

• Livelli vettoriali e mappe tematiche
• Modelli digitali di elevazione e modelli digitali del terreno
• Immagini satellitari multispettrali
• Trasformazioni e indici spettrali: NDVI, NDWI, NDSI, rivelazione incendi ecc.
• Dati climatici e pedologici
• Dati Land Cover e Land Cover Change
• Repository online di dati GIS Open Source

Operazioni di base in QGIS

• Browser, gestore delle sorgenti dati e caricamento dei dati
• Interfaccia della mappa e navigazione
• Stili di visualizzazione ed etichettatura dei livelli
• Raggruppamento di livelli e temi
• Gestore del layout e rendering delle mappe
• Modifica vettoriale di base

Operazioni avanzate con dati GIS

• Modifica vettoriale avanzata
• Modifica del database e calcolatore di campi
• Analisi vettoriale e geoprocessing
• Calcolatore raster
• Conversione vettore-raster
• Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL): principali funzioni e utilizzo
• Statistiche spaziali e join spaziale

Nozioni di base sul telerilevamento

• Satelliti e telerilevamento
• Spettro EM e bande RS
• Risoluzione spaziale e temporale
• Fonti di dati RS gratuite e commerciali
• Missioni di telerilevamento e prodotti correlati
• Visualizzazione dati RS: RGB e falsi colori
• Segmentazione, classificazione non supervisionata e supervisionata dei dati RS

Applicazioni webGIS

• Concetti di base sul webGIS
• Google Earth Engine Explorer e Playground
• Introduzione a GEE Playground: script, risorse e funzionamento di base
• Accesso a set di dati globali ed elaborazione delle immagini in GEE Playground
• EarthMap, un'interfaccia grafica per il Playground GEE

Geodatabase

• Concetti di base sui database
• Sistemi di gestione di Data Base Relazionali
• PostgreSQL e PostGIS
• Operazioni SQL di base: sintassi SELECT, UPDATE, CREATE, DROP
• Operazioni base di PostGIS: funzioni “st_”
• Creazione di un semplice geodatabase
• Accesso e gestione di geodatabase da QGIS

Modulo: STATISTICAL TOOLS
N/D
Modulo: GIS
N/D

Modulo: STATISTICAL TOOLS
L'esame orale consisterà in una valutazione della capacità di analisi di un data set di esempio. I concetti erogati durante il corso verranno applicati ad un dataset fornito dal docente, e verrà effettuata la correzione degli errori di analisi e di valutazione.

Oltre all'analisi del dataset, potranno essere poste alcune domande teoriche relative ai concetti erogati durante il corso.

Modulo: GIS
L'esame orale consisterà nella presentazione di un semplice progetto di elaborazione di cartografie digitali, realizzato attraverso le competenze acquisite e gli strumenti utilizzati durante le lezioni. La presentazione dovrà includere un inquadramento generale della tematica e dell'area di studio ed una illustrazione dettagliata della metodologia adottata e dei risultati ottenuti. Il tema della presentazione potrà essere concordato con il docente negli orari di lezione o di ricevimento.

Oltre alla valutazione del progetto, potranno essere poste alcune domande teoriche relative alla metodologia adottata per la realizzazione del progetto stesso.

Modulo: STATISTICAL TOOLS
Testo di riferimento: Carlson, D.L. Quantitative methods in Archaeology using R. Cambridge University Press, 2017. 455 pp.

Slides utilizzate dal docente durante le lezioni e fornite agli studenti

Materiale per le esercitazioni pratiche fornito dal docente

Modulo: GIS
Slides di teoria utilizzate dal docente e fornite agli studenti

Materiale per le esercitazioni pratiche fornito dal docente

Testi da consultare per le applicazioni pratiche:

QGIS.org, 2023. QGIS 3.28. Geographic Information System User Guide. QGIS Association. Formato digitale: https://docs.qgis.org/3.28/en/docs/user_manual/index.html

Cardille J.A., Clinton N., Crowley M.A., Saah D. (eds.) Cloud-Based Remote Sensing with Google Earth Engine: Fundamentals and Applications. Formato digitale: https://www.eefabook.org/go-to-the-book.html

Risorse online per le applicazioni pratiche:

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/reference-data/administrative-units-statistical-units/countries

https://gadm.org/index.html

https://openlandmap.org/

https://chelsa-climate.org/

https://earthengine.google.com/

https://earthmap.org/

Modulo: STATISTICAL TOOLS
N/D
Modulo: GIS
N/D