ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

The fundamental principles and laws that control the motion of fluids are presented. Simple practical problems are formulated and solved for both laminar and turbulent flows. The foundation to tackle more complex problems are laid. Laminar and turbulent flows are considered.

The course introduces the student to the study of fluid mechanics showing the equations that control the motion of a fluid and obtaining some particular solutions of the hydrodynamic problem in order to provide the essential skills that are necessary to face practical problems

The exam consists of an oral examination during which the student will have to show that she/he has learned the topics explained during the course and the capability to formulate correctly a hydrodynamic problem as well as to choose the most appropriate approach to determine the relative solution

The exam aims at ascertaining the following aspects of student's preparation: 1) knowledge acquired about the basic concepts of the course, 2) capability to apply the knowledge acquired within specific contexts. The possession of these components of the student's preparation will be ascertained through specific questions.

• Blondeaux P. and Vittori G. (2018) Dispense dei corsi di Idrodinamica e Meccanica dei Fluidi Book available in electronic format
  Further books
• Marchi E. and Rubatta A. (1981) Meccanica dei fluidi. Principi e applicazioni UTET, ISBN: 8802036594 - Ghetti A. (1980) Idraulica Libreria Cortina, Padua, ISBN: 8877840528 - Batchelor G.K. (2000) An introduction to fluid dynamics Cambridge University Press, ISBN: 9780511800955

Provide fundamental knowledge on the methods for the evaluation of environmental issues due to human impacts on the biosphere, with specific regard to pollution and resource consumption.

The course aims to provide the foundational knowledge of ecology and to deepen the application of ecological principles in real-world contexts, with the goal of equipping students with both theoretical and practical tools to address contemporary environmental challenges. It explores the interactions between organisms and their environment, focusing on the use of ecological knowledge for the sustainable management of ecosystems, biodiversity conservation, and environmental restoration. Case studies from both terrestrial and aquatic environments will be analyzed, with particular attention to human impacts such as climate change, pollution, and land use.

The final exam is a written one made of 15 questions (short answer) and an exercize
Three rounds will be fixed during summer session (jun, jul and sep) and 2 during winter session (jan-feb)

Details on final exam will be given durin classes together with information regarding the level of accuracy needed for each argument.
The exam will be focused on the main arguments treated during classes and it is trageted to the evaluation of both the level of knowledge and the ability to apply theoretical concepts to real management issues.

Lessons and multimedia files employed during classes will be available on AulaWeb repository at the end of every classes cycle.
The suggested books are to be intended as further supporting material. The list is not complete and other texts may be used. Many of the suggested titles are available at the UNIGE library
Basi di ecologia. Eugene P. Odum; Piccin-Nuova Libraria Fundamentals of ecological modelling. S.E. Jorgensen te al.; Elsevier Energy Basis for Man and Nature, H.T. Odum McGraw Hill Higher Education La soglia della sostenibilità. E. Tiezzi et al.; Donzelli ed Analysing ecological data. Zuur, Ieno, Smith. Springer

Concetti di base di biochimica e microbiologia, principali rotte metaboliche e applicazioni di rilievo ambientale.

Il programma del modulo di Biochemistry and Environmental Biotechnology prevede la presentazione e discussione dei seguenti argomenti:
1. Introduzione alle biotecnologie ambientali (10 ore)
La cellula: costituzione, morfologia e molecole fondamentali
Proteine ed enzimi: struttura, condizioni influenzanti l'attività enzimatica
2. Processi biotecnologici (6 ore)
Classificazione
Tipi di conduzione
Aerazione, Agitazione, Sterilizzazione, Immobilizzazione
3. Impianti biotecnologici di rilievo ambientale (2 ore)
4. Operazioni di rimozione di contaminanti (4 ore)
Rimozione dei colloidi
Separazioni solido liquido: sedimentazione, centrifugazione, filtrazione
Rimozione dei metalli dalle acque di scarico
5. Aspetti cinetici delle biotecnologie ambientali (4 ore)
Cinetiche di crescita microbica
6. Fermentazioni per la produzione di biocombustibili e degradazione aerobica (6 ore)
Glicolisi
Ciclo di Krebs
Respirazione e fosforilazione ossidativa
Produzione di bioetanolo
Produzione di biobutanolo
Fermentazione acida-mista per la produzione di bioidrogeno
7. Biotecnologie ambientali (6 ore)
Digestione anaerobica e produzione di biogas
Biofiltrazione di effluenti gassosi
Vie metaboliche di degradazione di inquinanti organici
Smaltimento di fanghi da impianti di depurazione
Depurazione biologica delle acque
8. Realizzazione di un bioprocesso d'importanza ambientale in laboratorio (12 ore)
9. Esercitazione in aula su come preparare un lavoro scientifico di revisione (2 ore)

L’esame finale consiste nel superamento di una prova orale, in cui l’allievo presenta, con l’ausilio di un documento in Power Point, il lavoro di revisione precedentemente concordato con il docente e inviato dallo studente al docente per posta elettronica almeno una settimana prima, ai fini della correzione. Visto che l’argomento della review costituirà soltanto una parte limitata del programma del modulo, le carenze, le imperfezioni o i dubbi evidenziati nella review costituiranno lo spunto per una serie di domande sui principi di base delle biotecnologie ambientali e sui processi biotecnologici ambientali in generale, che consentiranno al docente di accertare il livello di approfondimento raggiunto dall’allievo. Il numero di domande non è prestabilito, nel senso che dipenderà dal grado di eccellenza della review in termini di coerenza del lavoro svolto rispetto all’argomento, struttura e completezza del lavoro, aggiornamento della letteratura, conformità alle regole editoriali generali, conclusioni personali sull’argomento e sulle prospettive future. Ciononostante, è prevista almeno una domanda per ciascuno di questi criteri, oltre a una domanda sull’argomento delle esercitazioni pratiche.
Saranno disponibili 3 appelli d'esame per la sessione ‘invernale’ (dicembre, febbraio e durante la pausa didattica prevista dalla Scuola Politenica a Pasqua) e 5 appelli per la sessione ‘estiva’ [fine maggio, giugno, luglio (2 appelli), settembre]. Non verranno concessi appelli straordinari al di fuori dei periodi indicati dalla Scuola Politecnica, fatta eccezione per gli studenti che non abbiano inserito nel piano di studi attività formative nell’anno accademico in corso.
Si invitano gli studenti con certificazione di DSA, di disabilità o di altri bisogni educativi speciali a contattare il docente all’inizio delle lezioni per concordare modalità didattiche e d’esame che, nel rispetto degli obiettivi dell’insegnamento, tengano conto delle modalità di apprendimento individuali e forniscano idonei strumenti compensativi. Si rammenta inoltre che la richiesta di misure compensative/dispensative per gli esami dovrà essere inviata, usando il modulo al seguente link
https://modulionline.unige.it/richiesta-adattamenti#no-back ,
al docente del insegnamento, al referente di Scuola ([email protected]) e al settore ([email protected]) almeno 7 giorni lavorativi prima della prova, come da linee guida presenti al link https://unige.it/disabilita-dsa/richiesta-servizi

I dettagli sulle modalità di preparazione per l’esame e sul grado di approfondimento di ogni argomento saranno elucidati agli studenti nel corso delle lezioni. Gli allievi, alla fine del modulo, proporranno al docente di approfondire una specifica applicazione biotecnologica in campo ambientale prescelta fra gli argomenti affrontati durante le lezioni frontali e le esercitazioni di laboratorio. Dopo aver concordato l'argomento col docente, gli studenti, preferenzialmente ma non obbligatoriamente in coppia, invieranno il lavoro di revisione al docente almeno una settimana prima dell'esame orale. Il lavoro, dopo correzione da parte del docente, sarà assunto come argomento principale dell'esame orale, divenendo oggetto di almeno 5 domande finalizzate alla valutazione dell’apprendimento dei principi di base delle biotecnologie. Il lavoro sarà esposto dallo studente mediante presentazione di un file elaborato in Power Point. Questa parte dell'esame è destinata ad accertare la capacità dell'allievo di discernere l'importanza relativa dei diversi apporti della letteratura scientifica, quella di sintesi e quella di elaborare un lavoro di revisione a partire da tutte le fonti disponibili, tutte considerate essenziali per il futuro successo nel mondo del lavoro. Verrà inoltre valutata la qualità dell’esposizione, l’utilizzo corretto della terminologia tecnica e la capacità di ragionamento critico. La prova orale terminerà con un'ulteriore domanda relativa all’argomento delle esercitazioni in laboratorio, al fine di verificare l'estensione dell'apprendimento.

ll materiale didattico disponibile in formato Power Point, che sarà impiegato durante le lezioni frontali, sarà consegnato agli allievi durante le prime tre lezioni, mentre quello cartaceo relativo alle esercitazioni in laboratorio sarà consegnato durante la prima esercitazione pratica assieme alle dotazioni di sicurezza. Nonostante gli appunti presi a lezione e il materiale consegnato all’inizio del modulo siano considerati sufficienti per la preparazione dell’esame, i testi seguenti, disponibili su richiesta anche al docente, possono essere consultati per l’approfondimento necessario per la preparazione della review, oltre ovviamente alle riviste scientifiche disponibili gratuitamente online agli studenti UNIGE.
1. M.T. Madigan, J.M. Martinko, J. Parker, Brock, Biologia dei Microrganismi, Volumi 1 e 2, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Milano, 2003.
2. S. Aiba, A.E. Humphrey, N.F. Millis, Biochemical Engineering, 2a edizione, Academic Press, New York, 1973.
3. P. Barbieri, G. Bestetti, E. Galli e D. Zannoni (Eds.), Microbiologia Ambientale ed Elementi di Ecologia Microbica, 1a edizione, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Milano, 2008 (ISBN 978-88-08-18434-4).
4. S. Donadio, G. Marino (Eds.), Biotecnologie Microbiche, 1a edizione, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Milano, 2008 (ISBN 987-88-08-18438-2).
5. A. Pessoa Jr., M. Vitolo, P.F. Long (Eds.), Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. A Focus on Industrial Application, 1a edizione, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2022 (ISBN: 978-1-032-01374-9)

The course aims to provide students with an overview of the main chemical processes for the clean production of energy, with particular attention to perspectives and strategies for energy transition, hydrogen as energy vector, thermochemical conversions of biomass, fuel cells, electrolysers and batteries.

Main contents:
Part 1: Electrolyzers and storage systems:
Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers (PEMWE), Alkaline electrolysers (AEL), Anion Exchange Mambrane Water electrolyzers (AEMWE). Advantages and disadvantages, materials, environmental impact, state of the research and industrial applications. Simple models.
Redox Flow Batteries (vanadium and organic), zinc and iron flow batteries, lithium batteries.
Storage systems based on Thermadynamic cycles (air and carbon dioxide)
Part 2: Fuels cells /electrolizers
Operating principles, theoretical models, and experimental data of electrochemical cells in "Gas to Power" and "Power to Gas" applications.
Types of fuel cells and applications (MCFC, SOFC, etc)
Part 3: Thermochemical conversion
Biomass characterization; combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification reactions;
types and characteristics of thermochemical reactors.
Valorisation of waste 2.0.
Visit to a plant

The final exam will consist of a written exam containing 6 questions (2 for each subsection of the module).
The grade achieved by the student will be the average of the marks awarded in the two modules in which the teaching is divided.
There are 3 exam dates for the 'summer' session (June, July, September) and 2 exam dates for the 'winter' session (January and February). No extraordinary dates are granted outside the periods indicated by the Scuola Politecnica, with the exception of students who have not included educational activities in the curriculum during the current academic year.

Written questions on: design calculations or theoretical principles of a chosen technology for clean energy production /storage /hydrogen production / biomass conversion for energy recovery.
The written exam is used to evaluate the knowledge of the student on the principal design criteria of the proposed technology; the ability to contestualize it into a case study and the ability to discriminate between different technologies and discussing advantages and disadvantages, also in terms of safety and environmental impact.

The teaching material used during the classes will be available in the Aulaweb of the teaching and/or in a proper work area defined for the course on Teams. The notes taken during the lessons and the material in the Aulaweb are sufficient for the preparation of the exam, but the following books are suggested as support and in-depth texts:

• “Fuel Cells Handbook (Seventh Edition)” by EG&G Technical Services, DE-AM26-99FT40575, U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Morgantown, West Virginia, 2004.
• “Le energie rinnovabili”, Andrea Bartolazzi. Hoepli, Milano, 2010.
• “The Science of Biomass Energy (Science of Renewable Energy)”. Cecilia Pinto Mccarthy. ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1682823016.

On completion of this course, students will be able to: describe, discuss and compare structure and properties of inorganic and organic chemicals (including polymers and biomolecules) involved in environmental and technological processes, with particular attention to atmospheric chemistry and pollution. The course will also provide an in-depth knowledge of the main industrial processes, with particular reference to environmental and sustainability issues related to these processes and their products. Students will acquire skills and methods to deal with problems related to the chemicals reactivity and interactions and will be able to carry out macroscopic mass and energy balances on simple processes​.

The course is organized in two modules to provide students with knowledge of principles of chemistry for applied technologies and of industrial chemical processes in order to understand and deepen the environmental impact as well as estimate it from a qualitative / quantitative point of view. The course will also provide the basis for developing possible reduction strategies in different systems i.e. water, air and soil systems. Details are reported in each module (teaching outcomes and learning objectives).
On completion of this course, students will be able to evaluate environmental and technological processes, with particular attention to atmospheric and water chemistry and pollution. The course will also provide an in-depth knowledge of the main industrial processes, with particular reference to environmental and sustainability issues related to these processes and their products. Students will and will be able to carry out mass and energy macroscopic balances on simple processes​.

The examination methods are detailed for each of the modules.
The mark obtained in teaching will be the average of the marks awarded in the two modules in which the teaching is divided. Please refer to the consultation of the individual modules for details.
Working students and students with SLD, disability or other special educational needs certification are advised to contact the teacher at the beginning of the course to agree on teaching and examination methods that, in compliance with the teaching objectives, take into account individual learning modalities.

Please see the details in the single module contents.

At the end of this teaching, students will be able to describe, discuss and compare structure and properties of inorganic and organic chemicals (including polymers and biomolecules) involved in environmental and technological processes, with particular attention to atmospheric pollution and chemistry. Students will acquire skills and methods to deal with problems related to the chemicals reactivity and interactions.

Fundamentals: the concept of mole, reaction stoichiometry, chemical equilibria in aqueous solutions (acids and bases, pH of solutions, mixed solutions and buffers, solubility equilibria). Chemical kinetics: reaction rates and the effect of catalysts with examples of catalytic processes for environmental applications.
Organic Chemistry. Carbon hybridization and common functional groups in organic chemistry: IUPAC nomenclature, structure and properties. Hydrocarbons, compounds with functional groups containing Oxygen (alcohols, ethers, aldehydes and ketons, carboxylic acids and esters), Nitrogen (amines and amides), Halogens (haloalkanes, CFC). Main reactions in organic chemistry. Homolytic reactions and heterolytic reaction mechanisms. Nucleophilic substitution at tetrahedral carbon, nucleophilic substitution/addition at multiply bound carbon, electrophilic addition and elimination reactions, electrophilic substitution. Polymers and (bio)macromolecules. Synthetic polymers: addition and condensation polymerization, properties, reactions in the environment (combustion, biodegradation, photodegradation, recycling). Biomolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids. Biomasses.
The Elements: essentials of main groups elements. Hydrogen, Alkali, Alkaline earth, Group 13, group 14 (Carbon and Silicon), Group 15 (Nitrogen and Phosphorus, chemistry of NOx), Group 16 (Oxygen and Sulfur, chemistry of SOx and Ozone), Group 17 Halogens. d-block elements and coordination compounds (essentials). Most common pollutants in atmosphere, acid rains, greenhouse gases.

The exam of this module consists of a written test that includes both exercises and theoretical questions with optional oral exam for those that obtained a mark equal to or higher than 18 in the written exam. Exam sessions will be available for the 'winter' session (January, February) and for the 'summer' session (June, July, September).

The written exam consists in solving with suitable methodology and tools problems concerning chemical equilibria in aqueous solutions. The student will be asked also to describe structures and properties of the main groups elements and inorganic compounds, as well as structures of coordination compounds and simple organic molecules. The ability to identify, compare and discuss the main reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry, the chemistry of the main environmental pollutants and the macromolecules structures and transformations will be also evaluated.

Notes taken during the lessons, material in the aulaweb. The following books are suggested as supporting and in-depth texts: P.Atkins, L.Jones, Chemical Principles-The quest of insight, Freeman and Co. eds, R.H.Petrucci, W.S.Harwood, F.G.Herring, General Chemistry: Principles and Modern applications, Pearson ed. (general and inorganic chemistry, essential on organic chemistry); J.C.Smith, Organic Chemistry, McGraw-Hill Education.

The course aims to provide students with specific knowledge of various renewable energy production systems. The course is divided into two modules, the first dedicated to energy sources mainly related to water and air (hydroelectric, wind, waves, currents), while the second is dedicated to sources related to chemical processes such as fuel cells and biomass. Students are presented with both resource estimates and the types of technologies for converting the resource into electricity that can be used for civil and industrial purposes. For each type of resource, the logical flow of a feasibility analysis of an energy conversion plant is then proposed. Finally, some notions relating to the economic aspects of the competitiveness of the various energy production systems are introduced.

The course aims to provide students with specific knowledge of various renewable energy production systems. The course is divided into two modules, the first dedicated to energy sources mainly related to water and air (hydroelectric, wind, waves, currents), while the second is dedicated to sources related to chemical processes such as fuel cells and biomass.
Students are presented with both resource estimates and the types of technologies for converting the resource into electricity that can be used for civil and industrial purposes. For each type of resource, the logical flow of a feasibility analysis of an energy conversion plant is then proposed. Finally, some notions relating to the economic aspects of the competitiveness of the various energy production systems are introduced.

La Disciplina “Climate Change and Industrial Ecology” è costituita da due moduli. Il primo, Decarbonization of Industrial Processes, fornisce una panoramica generale sui cambiamenti climatici, le emissioni di gas serra (GHG) ed il concetto di neutralità climatica (net zero), mentre il secondo, Biochemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, si prefigge di fornire i concetti necessari per una buona conoscenza dei processi e degli impianti biotecnologici, con specifico riferimento alle applicazioni ambientali.

Principles of atmospheric and ocean modeling for coastal impacts due to climate change with an overview of the main drivers in the change of the climate system and their modeling on a global scale and the downscaling and analysis of the main regional and local processes of sea level change and wave impacts in coastal areas.

The course aims to equip students with a thorough understanding of climate change science driven by ocean-atmosphere dynamics and their modeling from a global perspective down to coastal impact scales. It emphasizes the principles of atmospheric and ocean modeling, exploring the main drivers of climate system changes, and their global modeling. Additionally, the course covers the downscaling and analysis of significant regional and local processes affecting sea level changes and wave impacts in coastal areas. By the end of the course, students will have a solid grasp of climate system modeling, Earth's energy budget, sea level change dynamics, and the impacts of climate change on coastal regions. Teaching methods include lectures and practical sessions with computer-based algorithm development for climate data processing and coastal process quantification. Key topics include Earth's energy budget, climate feedbacks, ocean and cryosphere changes, global and regional climate modeling, and coastal impacts.

The exam consists of a final project on a topic chosen by the students related to the effects, impacts, and indicators of climate change. Students will submit a detailed report of their findings and deliver a 15-minute presentation. This will be followed by a Q&A session, where they will answer questions about their work and demonstrate their knowledge of climate change.

The assessment methods for this course include a final project where students select a topic related to the effects, impacts, and indicators of climate change. They will submit a comprehensive report detailing their findings and deliver a 15-minute presentation. The presentation will be followed by a Q&A session to evaluate their understanding and ability to discuss their work and broader climate change concepts. This approach ensures students can effectively analyze, communicate, and apply their knowledge of climate change.

RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY • IPCC, 2021: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S. L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J. B. R. Matthews,T. K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press. In Press. IPCC, 2019: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, M. Tignor, E. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Nicolai, A. Okem, J. Petzold, B. Rama, N.M. Weyer (eds.)]. In press. IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, and L.L. White (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 688. IPCC, 2013: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovern- mental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1535 pp.

The course is aimed at introducing the student to the hydrodynamics and morphodyanics of the coastal region.

The course is divided into two modules and provides expertise on how sea waves propagate from offshore to the nearshore region, including the morphological changes of the seabed and the coastline induced by waves and currents.

The exam includes only an oral examination which is aimed at ascertaining the degree of knowledge of the topics described during the lectures. The students are requested to produce a report based on the simulation of the wave propagation in the framework of an actual case of study and will be asked three questions on relatively large subjects, leaving the details to the following discussion.

If necessary, during the examination, the student will also be asked to solve simple problems to test the operational capabilities acquired.
Students who have valid certification of physical or learning disabilities on file with the University and who wish to discuss possible accommodations or other circumstances regarding lectures, coursework and exams, should speak both with the instructor and with Professor Federico Scarpa ([email protected]), the Polytechnic School's disability liaison.

Course notes available on request. Send an email message to [email protected] or [email protected]
Fredsoe, J., & Deigaard, R. (1992). Mechanics of coastal sediment transport (Vol. 3). World scientific publishing company.
Svendsen, I. A. (2006). Introduction to nearshore hydrodynamics (Vol. 24). World scientific.
Nielsen, P. (1992). Coastal bottom boundary layers and sediment transport (Vol. 4). World Scientific Publishing Company.
Mei, C. C., Stiassnie, M. A., & Yue, D. K. P. (2005). Theory and applications of ocean surface waves: Part 1: linear aspects.

The course is aimed at describing the fundamental processes that control the hydrodynamics of the coastal region, the mixing processes and the interaction of wave motion and currents with the coast.

The course provides fundamental knowledge about the processes controlling the morphodynamics of the coastal zone. Starting form the analysis and description of these processes, the students will learn how to approach the coastal morphodynamic evolution of a littoral cell and how to analyse possible effects of coastal works and structures on the littoral regimes. Finally costal works and possible nature based solution are analysed in the framework of coastal zone management in the long term.

Introduction to wave dynamics and statistics
Introduction to nearshore circulation
Sediment characteristics, Coastal Morphology, Longshore and Cross-shore profiles
Sediment Transport, Incipient motion, Bed Load Transport, Suspended Load Transport
Coastal Morphodynamics, Longshore profile evolution, Cross-shore profile evolution, Numerical models for coastline evolution
Coastal structures, soft and hard solutions, nourishment, groins, submerged breakwaters, breakwaters, revetments

The examination test consists in the drafting of a series of exercises proposed during the year and in an oral test.

The evaluation of the students' preparation is carried out through the correction of the exercises delivered during the course. Students who wish to change their assessment can take an oral interview about the entire course program.
The oral test can be taken from the first day after the end of the lessons.

CERC, 1984, Shore Protection Manual, Dept. of Army, U.S. Corps of Engineers
Costal Engineering Manual (EM 1110-21100), 2006, U.S. Army Corps of Eng.
Dean R.G. & Darlymple R.A., 1984, Water wave mechanics for engineers and scientists
Goda Y., 2010, Random seas and design of maritime structures, World Scientific
Kamphuis J.W., 2010, Introduction to coastal engineering and management, World Scientific
Komar P.D., 1998, Beach Processes and Sedimentation, Prentice Hall

Gli obiettivi del corso sono finalizzati all'acquisizione di competenze sul meccanismo del cambiamento climatico, le strategie di decarbonizzazione ed i piani di mitigazione.

Il corso fornisce una panoramica generale sui cambiamenti climatici, le emissioni di gas serra (GHG) ed il concetto di neutralità climatica (net zero). Verrà presentato l'Accordo di Parigi, l'European Green Deal ed il sistema di scambio di quote di emissioni dell'UE (EU-ETS). Verranno affrontate le modalità di realizzazione degli inventari GHG e le principali strategie di decarbonizzazione Verranno inoltre presentati piani di mitigazione a livello urbano od industriale, utilizzando esercizi e casi di studio specifici.

L'esame consisterà in una prova scritta che preveda il calcolo delle emissioni di gas serra e la conoscenza delle tematiche discusse a lezione.
Durante la sessione invernale saranno previste tre sessioni di esame (dicembre, gennaio e febbraio) e tre sessioni d'esame durante la sessione estiva e durante il fermo didattico autunnale della Scuola Politecnica. Al di fuori dei normali periodi della Scuola Politecnica non saranno svolte ulteriori sessioni d'esame, ad eccezione degli studenti senza attività didattiche nel loro attuale curriculum dell'anno accademico

L'apprendimento sarà verificato mediante un esame scritto finalizzato a valutare non solo l'acquisizione delle conoscenze teoriche, ma anche la capacità dello studente di applicare criticamente i concetti e le modalità di calcolo e riduzione delle emissioni

IPPC AR7 Climate Change: The Physical Science Basis IPPC AR7 Climate Change: Mitigation of Climate Change United Nations Paris Agreement 2015 EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) (Directive 2003/87/EC) GHG Protocol standards and guidance ISO 14064-1:2018 - Greenhouse gases. Part 1: Specification with guidance at the organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals The Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi)

The course aims at learning how to successfully deal with stress, anxiety, other work-related emotions and with difficult relationships, overcoming the main obstacle to peak performance and personal satisfaction over one’s professional life: the lack adequate knowledge to successfully handle emotional and social challenges.

Over professional life everyone has to deal with challenges, feelings and social relations. Professionals acquire technical but not emotional and social skills. They learn how to perform their tasks and resolve technical issues but often ignore how to successfully overcome challenges, handling emotions and relationships.

The test consists of the reasoned development of subjects unfolded over the course. Attending classes, actively participating, carrying out the practices assigned over the course is taken into account for the exam’s mark.

Swami Dayananda Saraswati, The need for personal reorganisation, Arsha Vidya Research and Publication Trust, 2008. Swami Dayananda Saraswati, The Value of Values, Arsha Vidya Research and Publication Trust, 2007. Swami Dayananda Saraswati, Crisis management, Arsha Vidya Research and Publication Trust, 2007. W. Timothy Gallwey, The Inner Game of Stress, Random House, 2009. W. Timothy Gallwey, The Inner Game of Work, Random House, 2001. D. Goleman, Working with Emotional Intelligence, Bantam Dell, 1998. Timothy Gallwey’s books can be also purchased online. Swami Dayananda’s books are available online in the app “Teachings of Swami Dayananda”
FURTHER READINGS Emotional Intelligence, Harvard Business Review h\ps://hbr.org/2015/04/how-emo`onal-intelligence-became-a-key-leadershipskill The measuring s`ck of life (John Steinbeck, East of Eden, chapter 34) h\ps://genius.com/John-steinbeck-east-of-eden-chapter-34-annotated

A basic knowledge of the transport processes that characterize the dilution of a passive pollutant in natural water bodies is provided. The mechanisms of diffusion and dispersion are considered in both laminar and turbulent simple flows.

The course, held in English, combines theory and applications to study the process of the dilution of a contaminant in a carrier fluid phase/flow. The three main mechanisms for dilution (i.e.: molecular diffusion, turbulent diffusion and shear-flow dispersion) are presented and discussed. A more detailed syllabus follows:
(i) Molecular diffusion: Fick's law; the "fundamental solution" to the (molecular) diffusion equation and its extensions; wall boundary conditions.
(ii) Turbulent diffusion: properties of the ensemble-averaged cloud (EAC) and mean of the single clouds (MSC); Taylor's theory for turbulent diffusion (1921); turbulent diffusivity and advection-diffusion equation for the EAC; relative diffusion and Richardson law.
(iii) Shear-flow dispersion: Taylor's theory for laminar flow in a pipe (1953); dispersion coefficient.

The exam consists of an oral examination during which the students will have to show that they have learned the topics explained during the course and the capability to correctly formulate the problem of the dilution of a passive pollutant in a carrier fluid phase, as well as to choose the most appropriate approach to determine the solution.
The exam mark (up to 30/30) will count 50% of the final grade, the other 50% coming from the "Advanced Fluid Mechanics" module.
Students with a certified learning disability (DSA), a disability, or other special educational needs are invited to contact the instructor at the beginning of the lessons to discuss teaching and examination arrangements that, while respecting the learning objectives of the course, take individual learning needs into account and provide appropriate accommodations. Please also note that requests for exam accommodations or exemptions must be submitted using the form available at this link https://modulionline.unige.it/richiesta-adattamenti#no-back , to the teaching professor, the SCUOLA contact person ([email protected]), and the relevant office ([email protected]) at least seven working days before the examination, in accordance with the guidelines available at this link https://unige.it/disabilita-dsa/richiesta-servizi

The oral exam will consist of two or three questions on the topics covered by the lectures and will be held in English.
Students are assessed on their competence on theory principles and their ability to reason about the concepts introduced.

Fischer, H. B., List, J. E., Koh, C. R., Imberger, J., & Brooks, N. H. (1979). Mixing in inland and coastal waters. Academic Press.

The course is organized in two modules.
The first module introduces the student to the study of fluid mechanics, showing the equations that control the motion of a fluid and obtaining some particular solutions of the hydrodynamic problem in order to provide the essential skills that are necessary to face practical problems.
The second module introduces the student to the study of the processes that control the dilution of a passive contaminant in a fluid. The governing equations and the different mechanisms at work are introduced and some fundamental solutions are obtained, in order to provide the esential skills that are necessary to face practical problems.

In particular, starting from the detailed analysis of the industrial chemical processes currently used for the production of fuels, fuels, materials, and chemical products for industrial and household use, the objective is to provide the student with the necessary knowledge to be able to evaluate the environmental effects of these processes and products and the presence on the territory of production plants. Moreover, the course provides basic knowledge on mass transfer processes of reacting chemicals and multicomponent phase equilibria useful for modeling environmental compartments and environmental interfaces. Applications are related to health risk assessment and environmental contamination.

Raw material. Air, water and soil pollution. Treatments and uses of natural gas. Treatments and uses of oil, refinery and production of gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oils, aviation fuels and biofuels. Vehicle exhaust gas treatments. Thermoelectric power stations and treatment of gaseous effluents. Use of biomass and waste. Hydrogen as an energy vector and its use in decarbonisation processes. Nuclear fuel production, reprocessing and treatment of nuclear waste. Production of concrete and steel. Production of industrial polymers. Environmental problems of plastics. Mass balances in steady state. Fundamentals on thermodynamics and kinetics. Energy balances. Mass balances in transient state. Environmental impact of studied processes. Application of macroscopic mass and energy balances to presented processes.

Oral exam, in English. The exam will consist of two questions on two topics covered during the course. In one of these the aspects of characteristics of the products will be analyzed and in a second one the characteristic of processes and quantification of environmental relevant parameters by applying mass and/or energy balances will be object of discussion.
Working students and students with SLD, disability or other special educational needs certification are advised to contact the teacher at the beginning of the course to agree on teaching and examination methods that, in compliance with the teaching objectives, take account of individual learning methods

TThrough the critical discussion of the characteristics of products used at industrial level and the processes necessary to produce them, it will be possible to evaluate the student's knowledge and depth of understanding of the chemical, energy, economic and environmental aspects of chemical processes associated with the development of chemical and energy technologies.

Teaching material available on aulaweb

To provide students a solid knowledge on process and occupational safety problems of industrial plants, to introduce evaluation tools and fundamental design approaches to minimize and prevent risk for man, environment and assets.

1. Introduction
Process plant design basics. Techniques for simplified plant cost estimation. Environmental and accident risk. Unwanted events classification. Personnel and process safety. Primary water, wastewater: overall cycle and future developments. Main parameters for the primary- and waste-water characterization Relevant national and international regulations in the fields of occupationa safety - process safety - waste water treatment - potabilization treatment .
2. Environmental Hazard Identification and Analysis
Gas, vapour and dust hazardous properties and their evaluation. Hazard identification tools and application to case-studies. Fire, explosion, instability and reactivity. Check List; Ranking method; FMEA; Hazard and Operability Study (HazOp); Fault Tree Analysis (FTA).
3. Severity and environmental damage
Source term models. Dispersion modelling of neutral and dense gas and cold jet. Post-release evolving scenarios Damage analysis. Probit equations. Notable major accidents and relevant lessons.
4 . Gaseous emissions treatment
Local, individual and social risk. Damage models (threshold and Probit approach). Risk acceptability criteria. Risk mitigation and design of emergency relief systems. Land use planning. Risk in multimodal HazMat transportation. HSE risk management. Risk perception. Basic tools for econimic estimation of fixed capital and running costs of process plants.
5. Water treatment plants
The mechanical pre-treatment of primary water and wastewater. The aerobic and anaerobic processes of biological treatment. The activated sludge process, biological reactions and kinetics. Type of activated sludge processes: suspended or fixed biomass, membranes. The sludge, from a problem to a resource; treatment and use.

The oral final exam is set to evaluate student’s knowledge level, design and application abilities, as well as effective technical communication skills on the topics of reliability, environmantal/process risk prevention and mitigation, emission and release treatment plants and water management.. It includes a critical discussion on numerical case-study according to the exercises performed during the lesson period. The final mark include the quality of presentation, the correct use of technical vocabulary and the ability of critical reasoning.
Three exam sessions are planned during the Winter session (mid Januray-Febraury) and for exam sessions during the Summer session (June, july and September), An additional session will be planned during the lesson break period scheduled according to the officil academic calendar..

The aim of the course is to provide knowledge and solving capabilities on emissions in the process industry, with emphasis on environmental and accident risk. On these grounds the exam will aim at verifying the correct theoretical knowledge of the topics explained during the lessons as well as the critical capability of problem solving practical examples, similar to thos presented during the presneted and discussed numerical exercises.The effectiveness assessment during the course development is performed by monitoring capabilities in numerical applications, lessons learned form incidents and analyzed case-studies.
Students with a certified learning disability (DSA), a disability, or other special educational needs are invited to contact the instructor at the beginning of the lessons to discuss teaching and examination arrangements that, while respecting the learning objectives of the course, take individual learning needs into account and provide appropriate accommodations. Please also note that requests for exam accommodations or exemptions must be submitted using the form available at this link https://modulionline.unige.it/richiesta-adattamenti#no-back , to the teaching professor, the SCUOLA contact person ([email protected]), and the relevant office ([email protected]) at least seven working days before the examination, in accordance with the guidelines available at this link https://unige.it/disabilita-dsa/richiesta-servizi

Learning material is provided during the lessons period. Refernce text available at the University library or on the web:
Metcalf & Eddy – Wastewater Engineering – Treatment and Reuse – Mc Graw Hill - 2017
Edzwald - Water Quality and Treatment: A Handbook on Drinking Water, Sixth Edition – AWWA (American Water Works Association), ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers), McGraw Hill - 2011
J. Casal "Evaluation of the effects and consequences of major accidents in industrial plants". Elsevier, Oxford, UK .
G. Nota. “Advances in Risk Management” Sciyo ed.(Chapter 4 : Trends, problems and outlook in process industry risk assessment and aspects of personal and process safety" by B. Fabiano and H. J. Pasman. Free download at: http://www.intechopen.com/books/advances-in-risk-management
Further textbooks:
R.H. Perry, D.W. Green, “Perry’s chemical engineers’ Handbook” 9th ed., Mc Graw Hill – 2019.
G.G. Brown. “Unit Operations” Hoepli ed.

Provide critical analysis of principles, rules and current trends and concerns of European Union and international environmental law.

The course starts with a general part that will give to the student the tools to a better comprehension of the environmental law and its sources. In the second part of the course concerns the environmental administrative procedures and the special environmental legislation. The link between the general and the special part will provide a complete knowledge in order to apply the notions learned also to concrete cases.

Oral exam, face-to-face if allowed by the sanitary provisions or online.

The main materials will be provided by the teacher during the course therefore the attendance is recommended.
In addition or alternative:
P. Thieffry, Handbook of European Environmental Law, èditions Bruylant, Bruxelles, 2019.

The learning outcomes of each single module are reported in the corresponding module description.

The course is divided into two modules and provides expertise on how the morphology of rivers is shaped by the action of stationary and non-stationary free-surface motions.
In the module "FLUVIAL HYDRAULICS AND MORPHODYNAMICS", the non-tidal case is considered and the basic principles for the evaluation of sediment transport and riverbed evolution are formulated.
The module "TIDAL ECO-MORPHODYNAMICS" focuses on the tidal case and the general processes involved in the morphodynamics and eco-morphodynamics of lagoons and estuaries will be considered.

The grade obtained in teaching will be the average of the marks awarded in the two modules in which the teaching is divided. Please refer to the individual modules for details.

Please refer to the individual modules for details.

The course provides competences on how the morphology of rivers and tidal estuaries is shaped by the action of steady and unsteady free-surface flows, with an eye to the mutual interactions between the flow, the morphology and the ecosystem.

Part one: Flow in open channels. Uniform and steady flow in a channel. Gradually varied flow. Flow profiles. Lateral inflow and outflow. Unsteady flow in channels: the kinematic and parabolic model.
Part two: Mechanics of Sediment Transport. Characteristics of sediments, Types of transport of incoherent sediments, Incipient transport and bedload transport, Incipient transport and transport in suspension.
Part three: Flows over mobile beds, Formulation of the mathematical problem of fluvial morphodynamics in 1D, Morphodynamic equilibrium in channels: equilibrium bed profile in straight channels.

The exam includes only an oral examination which is aimed at ascertaining the degree of knowledge of the topics described during the lectures. Usually, the students will be asked three questions on relatively large subjects, leaving the details to the following discussion.

If necessary, during the examination, the student will also be asked to solve simple problems to test the operational capabilities acquired.
Working students and students with a certified DSA, disability or other special educational needs are advised to contact the lecturer at the beginning of the course to agree on teaching and examination methods that, while respecting the teaching objectives, take into account individual learning patterns.

Lecture notes of the course (aulaweb)
Garcia, Ed., 2007, Sedimentation Engineering: Processes, Management, Modeling, and Practice. ASCE Manual and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 110. 1st Edition
Principles of River Engineering - The non-tidal alluvial river, Jansen et al. (in English)

The course offers comprehensive training on the mechanisms governing movements in a geophysical context, covering phenomena such as ocean circulation, atmospheric currents, and interactions between different scales of motion. Students will gain advanced skills in analyzing, modeling, and predicting complex phenomena, preparing them for careers in research, environmental consulting, and natural resource management sectors.

• Review of elementary fluid dynamics (Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions, linear and volumetric infinitesimal deformations, and angular deformations) - Mass conservation for incompressible flows - Reynolds Transport Theorem and continuity equation - Vorticity with examples of irrotational vortex and rigid body rotation - Forces in a moving fluid: volume forces and surface forces - Force on a generic surface and stress tensor - Symmetry of the stress tensor - Cauchy's equation - Constitutive relation of Viscous Fluids - Navier-Stokes equations and commentary - Basics of Python programming language - Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability - Parallel flows - Taylor - Goldstein Equation - Richardson's criterion and physical meaning - 3D viscous parallel flows - Equations with normal modes - Squires Theorem - 2D equations and analysis of normal modes and Orr-Sommerfeld equation - Rayleigh's inflection point criterion - Fjortoft's Criterion - Equations in a rotating system - Coriolis and centrifugal terms - Comments on laboratory experiment videos - Simplifications of motion equations - Geostrophic wind and thermal wind - Taylor - Proudman Theorem - Poincare waves through normal mode analysis and dispersion relation - Particle trajectories in shallow water regime - Inertial waves - Review of the circulation conservation theorem in the absence of rotation - Potential vorticity and conservation law - Application example on deflection in the presence of a step - Rossby waves and dispersion relation through normal mode analysis - Generalization of Rayleigh's criterion and barotropic instability - Introduction to turbulence: proliferation of degrees of freedom in a turbulent system as a consequence of Kolmogorov's theory - Visit to the rotating tank of the University of Turin for visualization of experiments in 'shallow water' regime - Reynolds decomposition to reduce active degrees of freedom in the system - Reynolds equations and closure problem - Equation for the kinetic energy of the large-scale field: the role played by the term associated with the non-closure of equations - Energy flow from large to small scales as a result of K41 theory and implications for closure - Numerical resolution methods for shallow water equations with rotation and preparation for practical exercise.

The final evaluation of the module includes a balanced approach aimed at assessing both the practical skills and the theoretical understanding of the students. This approach is structured in two main phases: a practical computer exercise and an oral examination.
Practical Computer Exercise
The first phase of the exam consists of a practical exercise conducted using the computer, during which students are called upon to demonstrate their abilities in applying the theoretical concepts learned to concrete environmental interest problems. This part of the exam is designed to evaluate the student's ability to use advanced computational tools, such as specific programming languages like Python, to model the dynamics of geophysical fluids in realistic scenarios.
During the exercise, students will need to solve a set of selected problems that will require data processing, the implementation of numerical models, and the interpretation of the results obtained. The goal is to assess not only the accuracy of the proposed solutions but also the ability to critically and creatively apply the knowledge acquired, as well as clarity in presenting the results.
Oral Examination
The second phase of the exam consists of an oral test, during which the theoretical understanding of the topics covered in the course will be verified. The oral examination aims to evaluate the depth of the student's knowledge on the fundamental principles of geophysical fluid dynamics and the theoretical implications of the phenomena studied. During the oral, students may be asked specific questions on course themes, requiring an in-depth discussion that highlights a solid understanding of the concepts.
In addition to the theoretical part, the oral examination will also include the discussion of a report prepared by the student. This report must be based on the practical computer exercise and aims to evaluate the student's ability to synthesize and effectively communicate the results of the work done, integrating theoretical and applied aspects. The report represents an opportunity for the student to demonstrate their critical and analytical approach to problems, as well as the skills acquired in data interpretation and the formulation of valid conclusions.
Overall Assessment
The final evaluation of the course will be based on the combination of performances obtained in the practical computer exercise and the oral examination, taking into account both the quality of the proposed solutions and the ability to argue and present theoretical concepts. This multidimensional approach to evaluation ensures a comprehensive view of the student's competencies, rewarding not only theoretical knowledge but also practical and analytical abilities, essential for a career in the field of environmental engineering.

The final evaluation of the module includes a balanced approach aimed at assessing both the practical skills and the theoretical understanding of the students. This approach is structured in two main phases: a practical computer exercise and an oral examination.
Practical Computer Exercise
The first phase of the exam consists of a practical exercise conducted using the computer, during which students are called upon to demonstrate their abilities in applying the theoretical concepts learned to concrete environmental interest problems. This part of the exam is designed to evaluate the student's ability to use advanced computational tools, such as specific programming languages like Python, to model the dynamics of geophysical fluids in realistic scenarios.
During the exercise, students will need to solve a set of selected problems that will require data processing, the implementation of numerical models, and the interpretation of the results obtained. The goal is to assess not only the accuracy of the proposed solutions but also the ability to critically and creatively apply the knowledge acquired, as well as clarity in presenting the results.
Oral Examination
The second phase of the exam consists of an oral test, during which the theoretical understanding of the topics covered in the course will be verified. The oral examination aims to evaluate the depth of the student's knowledge on the fundamental principles of geophysical fluid dynamics and the theoretical implications of the phenomena studied. During the oral, students may be asked specific questions on course themes, requiring an in-depth discussion that highlights a solid understanding of the concepts.
In addition to the theoretical part, the oral examination will also include the discussion of a report prepared by the student. This report must be based on the practical computer exercise and aims to evaluate the student's ability to synthesize and effectively communicate the results of the work done, integrating theoretical and applied aspects. The report represents an opportunity for the student to demonstrate their critical and analytical approach to problems, as well as the skills acquired in data interpretation and the formulation of valid conclusions.
Overall Assessment
The final evaluation of the course will be based on the combination of performances obtained in the practical computer exercise and the oral examination, taking into account both the quality of the proposed solutions and the ability to argue and present theoretical concepts. This multidimensional approach to evaluation ensures a comprehensive view of the student's competencies, rewarding not only theoretical knowledge but also practical and analytical abilities, essential for a career in the field of environmental engineering.

Fluid Mechanics, 6th Edition - June 4, 2015. Authors: Pijush K. Kundu, Ira M. Cohen, David R Dowling, Language: English, Hardback ISBN: 9780124059351, eBook ISBN: 9780124071513

The teaching provides the necessary tools for the management and analysis of the various spatial data available today relating to the terrestrial, marine and aerial environment, including the most recent and high-resolution ones such as LiDAR Digital Terrain Models and satellite images. Several applications supporting the management of the environment will be addressed through open source GIS (Geographic Information System) software.

The teaching provides the necessary tools for the management and analysis of the different spatial data sources available today relating to both the terrestrial and marine environment, including the newest and highest resolution ones such as Lidar digital terrain models and satellite images. Several areas of application of the exercises will be addressed through the software GIS (Geographic Information System), for planning, management and monitoring the environment.
The use of free and open source geographic software (GFOSS) and the expertise acquired in the management of geographic data ensure that the teaching contributes to the pursuit of the UN 2030 Agenda's Sustainable Development Goals no. 4, 5, 10, 11, 15.
The teaching will develop the following transversal skills and competences (soft-skills): teamwork with a collaborative and constructive attitude; strategic thinking and critical thinking; effective communication and argumentative skills.

The examination consists of an oral test, comprising:

• presentation and discussion of an application realised in GIS in small groups (2 to 4 people) aimed at analysing the territory for its management/planning;
• questions relating to essential theoretical concepts for the correct management of geographical data, such as reference systems and cartographic projections, the concept of cartographic scale, the characteristics of different data formats, the fundamental concepts of orthophotos, image classification, databases and geoprocessing.
  The examination may be conducted online in the cases provided for in the University Regulations.
  Students with a certified learning disability (DSA), a disability, or other special educational needs are invited to contact the instructor at the beginning of the lessons to discuss teaching and examination arrangements that, while respecting the learning objectives of the course, take individual learning needs into account and provide appropriate accommodations. Please also note that requests for exam accommodations or exemptions must be submitted using the form available at this link https://modulionline.unige.it/richiesta-adattamenti#no-back , to the teaching professor, the SCUOLA contact person ([email protected]), and the relevant office ([email protected]) at least seven working days before the examination, in accordance with the guidelines available at this link https://unige.it/disabilita-dsa/richiesta-servizi

The following will be assessed:

• the critical discussion of the results obtained in the application aimed at analysing the territory in a GIS environment;
• the quality of the oral presentation, as it is considered preparatory to the students' future working life, enabling them to better acquire the ability to share ideas and work in a team;
• the knowledge of essential theoretical concepts for the correct management of geographical data in a GIS environment.

Lecture notes and material are provided by the teacher via aulaweb.
Texts for consultation:
Burrough P.A., McDonnel R.A., Principles of Geographical Information Systems, Oxford University Press, 1998.
Longley P.A., Goodchild M.F., Maguire D.J., Rhind D.W., Geographic Information Science and Systems, Ed. John Wiley & Sons, 2015, ISBN: 1118676955, 9781118676950.
Neteler M., Mitasova H., 2008. Open Source GIS: A GRASS GIS Approach. Third edition. 420 pages, Springer, New York (ISBN-10: 038735767X; ISBN-13: 978-0387357676).
Online User Manual of GRASS: http://grass.osgeo.org/documentation/manuals/
Online GRASS Tutorial: http://www.ing.unitn.it/~grass

1) Introdurre i vari processi idrogeologici e i relativi metodi analitici per l'analisi ingegneristica; 2)Fornire una panoramica sulle principali applicazioni dei principi del flusso delle acque sotterranee rilevanti per l’ingegneria geotecnica; 3) Introdurre gli aspetti fondamentali della capillarità nei terreni.

Acquiferi freatici (non confinati) ed acquiferi artesiani (confinati)
Zona vadosa e menischi capillari
Tensione superficiale e relazioni volume-massa
Carico piezometrico come potenziale energetico nel flusso delle acque sotterranee: la legge di Darcy
Equazione di Laplace: applicazione alle reti di flusso
Metodi di misura e calcolo dell'infiltrazione sotterranea
Processi di flusso transitorio e stazionario
Flusso unidimensionale in acquiferi non confinati: teoria di Dupuit
Pompaggio di pozzi in condizioni stazionarie: acquiferi confinati
Pompaggio di pozzi in condizioni stazionarie: acquiferi non confinati
Pompaggio di pozzi in condizioni transitorie: metodo di Theis e metodo di Jacobs
Introduzione alle indagini campo: misure di flusso e permeabilità
Test di permeabilità a carico discendente, crescente, costante e packer (o Lugeon) test
Permeabilità delle rocce fratturate

L'esame consisterà in un'unica prova orale durante la quale potrà essere anche richiesta la soluzione di un esercizio analitico.

La valutazione avverrà tramite esame orale alla fine del corso.

Wilson, E.M., (1990). Engineering Hydrology, 4th Ed. Macmillan Press
Younger, P.L., (2006). Groundwater in the Environment: An Introduction, John Wiley & Sons
Viessman, W. & Lewis, G.L., (1995). Introduction to Hydrology, 5th Ed. Pearson
Fredlund, D.G. & Rahardjo, H., (1993). Soil mechanics for unsaturated soils, Wiley

Fundamentals of Port Planning and Design taking into account maritime operations and land requirements for terminals and inland transportation.

The course of Harbour Engineering provides the knowledge that underlies the activities of planning, design and management of a commercial port with attention to both the technical aspects of construction and management and optimization of port operations.

Oral dissertation

Version:1.0 StartHTML:0000000199 EndHTML:0000039332 StartFragment:0000038895 EndFragment:0000039292 SourceURL:file:///Z:/unison/universita/didattica/Harbour_Engineering/scheda_insegnamento.doc
The examination includes an oral test. Students must prepare a specific presentation on a commercial port reality by examining the different aspects covered during the course. The presentation is the basis for the discussion of the oral test.

Agerschou et al. (1983) Planning and design of ports and marine terminals. Wiley & Sons
Ligteringen & Velsink (2012) Ports and terminals. VSSD
PIANC MarCom Reports
Thoresen (2003) Port designer’s handbook. Thomas Telford
Tsinker (2004) Port engineering. Wiley & Sons

Provide the knowledge of advanced hydrologic modelling focusing on the frequency analysis of extreme events (storm and flood), distributed and semi-distributed hydrological models and event-based modelling

I contenuti principali del corso sono i seguenti:
Ripasso dei principi di inferenza statistica;
Metodi probabilistici applicati allo studio delle variabili idrologiche;
Analisi degli eventi estremi (pioggia/portata) a scala locale;
Approcci regionali per la stima dei quantili di pioggia/portata;
Procedure per la stima dei volumi di piena.

Orale

Materiale e dispense disponibili su Aulaweb;
Nel seguito si riportano alcuni testi di rifemento:
Chow V.T., Maidment D.R., Mays L.W., Applied hydrology, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1988.
Kottegoda N.T., Rosso R., Statistics, Probability, and Reliability for Civil and Environmental Engineers, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1997.

1) Introdurre i vari processi idrogeologici e i relativi metodi analitici per l'analisi ingegneristica; 2)Fornire una panoramica sulle principali applicazioni dei principi del flusso delle acque sotterranee rilevanti per l’ingegneria geotecnica; 3) Introdurre gli aspetti fondamentali della capillarità nei terreni.

Acquiferi freatici (non confinati) ed acquiferi artesiani (confinati)
Zona vadosa e menischi capillari
Tensione superficiale e relazioni volume-massa
Carico piezometrico come potenziale energetico nel flusso delle acque sotterranee: la legge di Darcy
Equazione di Laplace: applicazione alle reti di flusso
Metodi di misura e calcolo dell'infiltrazione sotterranea
Processi di flusso transitorio e stazionario
Flusso unidimensionale in acquiferi non confinati: teoria di Dupuit
Pompaggio di pozzi in condizioni stazionarie: acquiferi confinati
Pompaggio di pozzi in condizioni stazionarie: acquiferi non confinati
Pompaggio di pozzi in condizioni transitorie: metodo di Theis e metodo di Jacobs
Introduzione alle indagini campo: misure di flusso e permeabilità
Test di permeabilità a carico discendente, crescente, costante e packer (o Lugeon) test
Permeabilità delle rocce fratturate

L'esame consisterà in un'unica prova orale durante la quale potrà essere anche richiesta la soluzione di un esercizio analitico.

La valutazione avverrà tramite esame orale alla fine del corso.

Wilson, E.M., (1990). Engineering Hydrology, 4th Ed. Macmillan Press
Younger, P.L., (2006). Groundwater in the Environment: An Introduction, John Wiley & Sons
Viessman, W. & Lewis, G.L., (1995). Introduction to Hydrology, 5th Ed. Pearson
Fredlund, D.G. & Rahardjo, H., (1993). Soil mechanics for unsaturated soils, Wiley

Introduce students to the fundamental aspects of marine biodiversity management and conservation, with specific focus on biodiversity definition and measurement, main threats and trends, biodiversity maintenance strategies and restoration of marine resources.

The program of the teaching includes:
1. Introduction. Biodiversity hotspots. Classification of nature. Speciation. Divergence between marine and terrestrial biodiversity. The magnitude of marine biodiversity. Global patterns and predictors of marine biodiversity. The Census of Marine Life and the International Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) database. The latitudinal gradient of missing species richness.
2. Concept, definitions and measurements of biodiversity. Genes, species, communities; taxonomy and ecology. Taxonomic diversity; concept of taxocenosis. Functional diversity. Other kind of diversity (biochemical, trophic, genetic). Inventory of diversity (of point, α, β, γ, ε), concept of intra- and among habitats diversity. Measurement of diversity (with calculation procedures in R): specific richness (Margalef index D), dominance (Simpson index λ), diversity s. str. (Shannon index H’), evenness (Pielou index J). Distributional analysis (accumulation/rarefaction curves) Area-species curve (or sampling effort - species). Examples of sampling procedures and cases of study.
3. Community data analysis: experimental design: how to rigorously assess differences among different communities? Data exploration and visualization: ordinations; SAB model (species, abundance, and biomass) and graphic-distributive methods. Hypothesis testing: permdisp & permanova; practical exercises with real community data and ecological problems using R software.
4. Biodiveristy & Human Impacts. Definition of Anthropocene. The limits of development. Human-nature relationships. Threats to biodiversity and habitat loss. Overfishing and the tragedy of the commons. Marine debris. Macro and micro plastics. Eutrophication. Marine diseases. Alien species. Global ecological footprint and calculation method.
5. Biodiversity & Climate Change. Global climate change. Greenhouse effect. Global warming and prediction models. Sea level rise. Extreme events. Heat waves (definition & calculation with R software). Ocean acidification. Consequence of climate change for species and ecosystems. Cumulative impacts.
6. Conservation of marine biodiversity. Ecological principles for environmental sustainability. Protection of species (concept of sympathy) vs protection of habitats (concept of utility). From species to an ecosystem approach. Flag species and Walt-Disney effect. Concept of key species and its evolution. The IUCN Red List: endangered species, threatened species, endemic species. Vulnerability. Rarity. Extinctions. Population decline and recovery. Conserving marine biodiversity. Agenda 21, the need for conservation and the role of science in sustainable development. Convention on Biological Diversity. Biodiversity Strategy 2030 and Aichi targets. Agenda 2030 and sustainable development goals. International regulations and Directives. The role of Marine Protected Areas.
7. Restoration ecology. From conservation to restoration: legislative framework. Why to restore? The example of coastal marine ecosystems. The ecological restoration process. Standards of Practices & Underpinning Assumptions of the Society of Restoration Ecology (SER). The principles and challenges of ecological restoration. Planning, implementation and monitoring of ecological restoration actions. Active vs preventive invasive species management. Restoration as an active management tool. Challenges of ecological restoration in a changing world. Novel ecosystems. Case studies of sustainable and effective restoration actions: macroalgal forest; seagrasses; molluscs.
8. Biodiversity & ecosystem functioning. Natural resources and ecosystem services. Hypotheses on the role of biodiversity in the functioning of ecosystems: stability; the positive relationship between ecosystem functioning and biodiversity; redundancy; functional classifications and biological traits, key species; idiosyncrasy and importance of historical factors. Succession theory and population dynamic models. Concepts of stability, resistance, resilience, hysteresis.
9. Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services assessment. Basic principles of system ecology; Energy system theory; Odum’s system language; An accounting resources method: Emergy analysis; Emergy concepts and principles; Emergy evaluation procedure; Practical application of the methodology to marine coastal zone (marine forest restoration).
10. Biological indicators and ecological indices. Ecosystem status assessment: expert judgment, biotic indexes, comparison with reference communities. Sentinel organisms. Opportunistic species, indicator species and techniques based on community structure. Ecological indices: metrics, combined indices, aggregation methods, and the choice of reference condition using pristine areas (or protected areas), historical data, models. The problem of data quality in time series. Importance of the objectives: recovery, maintenance, directional trend. Environmental Quality Ratio (EQR) concept. Indices adopted by ISPRA and regional environmental agencies: M-AMBI (Multivariate - Azti Marine Biotic Index), BITS (Benthic Index based on Taxonomic Sufficiency), PREI (Posidonia Rapid Easy Index), CARLIT (CARtography of LITtoral and upper-sublittoral benthic communities). Practical exercises.

The final evaluation is made by an oral exam.
The exam will begin with the presentation of a project (personal or group) relating to the topics covered and which will be the product of a pathway taken during the teaching. The exam will continue with discussion questions on the presentation and topics covered during the lectures.
Students with a certified learning disability (DSA), a disability, or other special educational needs are invited to contact the instructor at the beginning of the lessons to discuss teaching and examination arrangements that, while respecting the learning objectives of the course, take individual learning needs into account and provide appropriate accommodations. Please also note that requests for exam accommodations or exemptions must be submitted using the form available at this link https://modulionline.unige.it/richiesta-adattamenti#no-back , to the teaching professor, the SCUOLA contact person ([email protected]), and the relevant office ([email protected]) at least seven working days before the examination, in accordance with the guidelines available at this link https://unige.it/disabilita-dsa/richiesta-servizi

Details on how to prepare the exam and the degree of knowledge required for each topic will be provided at the beginning of the course and confirmed during the classes. The oral exam will mainly focus on the topics covered during the lectures and will aim to assess the achievement of the appropriate level of knowledge. The ability to present the topics clearly and using a correct and scientific terminology will also be evaluated. The oral test includes a personal/group presentation to assess the ability to understand scientific texts related to the management and conservation of marine biodiversity and to process the information based on the knowledge of the subject and the ability to link the various topics for application aspects.

The adoption of a reference text is not envisaged. Available (downloadable from Aulaweb) a copy of the presentations used during classes, other material and scientific articles for further information. The teaching material is therefore made up of personal notes and the material available on Aulaweb.

The teaching addresses two complementary topics: the management and conservation of marine biodiversity and environmental safety in industrial facilities. It provides essential skills for environmental engineering, ranging from the protection of marine ecosystems to the prevention annd mitigation of environmental and accident risks and the basics of the design of downstream treatment plants. The teaching is divided into two modules of 5 CFU each: ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY TECHNIQUES AND PLANTS and MARINE BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT. A detailed description of the contents of each module can be found in the section dedicated to each module description.

The exam is tructured into two differnt modules as detailed in the pertinent sections. The final exam grade will be the aritnmetic mean of the two modules.

The oral exam for each module wll focus on the program developed in frontal lessons and will aim at verifying the attainment of an adequate theroetical knowledge on the explored items and the ability of critically analyze and solve the practical applicative problems on marine biodiversity amangement and environamental safety techniques proposed during the examinations.

The course aims to provide a study of the most common partial differential equations (PDE) and their solution techniques through an analysis of various applications. The emphasis is devoted to second order PDE and the understanding of the specific analytical techniques for solving elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic cases. The course also provides the tools to solve problems in various applications with numerical methods implemented through the use of Matlab.

The course, consisting of two modules of 50 and 30 hours respectively, aims to provide students with the tools required to solve the main types of partial differential equations (PDEs) through the analysis of a variety of engineering applications. The 50-hour module, which is shared by students enrolled in the Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering, and Engineering Technology for Strategy and Security degree programmes, focuses on second-order PDEs, providing an understanding of the analytical techniques specific to elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic problems, as well as an introduction to discrete systems. The 30-hour module is intended exclusively for students enrolled in the Civil Engineering programme (Structures curriculum) and is designed to provide knowledge of numerical methods for solving engineering problems, implemented using MATLAB.

The exam consists a written test for everybody plus an oral exam Only for students of Civil Eng, curriculum "Strutture", . The written test typically includes five problems aimed at assessing the student's understanding of the theoretical content of the course. The oral exam consists of questions related to the numerical part. The final grade is the average of the two parts, rounded up.
Students with a certified learning disability (DSA), a disability, or other special educational needs are invited to contact the instructor at the beginning of the lessons to discuss teaching and examination arrangements that, while respecting the learning objectives of the course, take individual learning needs into account and provide appropriate accommodations. Please also note that requests for exam accommodations or exemptions must be submitted using the form available at this link https://modulionline.unige.it/richiesta-adattamenti#no-back , to the teaching professor, the SCUOLA contact person ([email protected]), and the relevant office ([email protected]) at least seven working days before the examination, in accordance with the guidelines available at this link https://unige.it/disabilita-dsa/richiesta-servizi

The exam assesses the student's ability to formulate equations that model simple phenomena, to set up their solution, to analyze key qualitative aspects, and to identify the most appropriate numerical methods.

The notes taken during the lessons and the material provided (notes of the theoretical part and tutorial of Matlab) are sufficient for the preparation of the exam. The books listed below are suggested as possible support texts and in-depth study.
A.N.Tichonov, A.A.Samarskij: Equazioni della Fisica matematica, Problemi della fisica matematica, Mosca,1982;
R. Courant, D. Hilbert, Methods of Mathematical Phisics vol I e II, Interscience, NY, 1973;
R. Bracewell, The Fourier Transform and Its Applications, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999;
P. V. O’ Neil, Advanced engineering mathematica, Brooks Cole, 2003;
H. Goldstein, Meccanica Classica, Zanichelli, Bologna, 1985;
V. I. Smirnov. Corso di Matematica superiore, Vol. 3. MIR (1978).
Quarteroni, F. Saleri, Introduzione al Calcolo Scientifico, Sprinter-Verlag 2006.
Quarteroni, Modellistica Numerica per Problemi Differenziali, Springer-Verlag 2008.
S. Chapra, R. Canale, Numerical methods for Engineers, McGraw-Hill, 2018.

The course aims to provide a solid understanding of mixing processes that occur in the atmosphere and oceans, through an integrated approach that combines theory and numerical simulation. By preparing students for roles in scientific research, environmental management, and environmental policy, the course emphasizes the importance of an interdisciplinary and synergistic approach to environmental issues.
By the end of the course, students will be able to:
Analyze and Interpret Mixing Processes: Understand and explain the main mechanisms of mixing and dispersion in the atmosphere and marine environment, identifying the forces and factors that influence these processes.
Develop and Apply Simulations: Use technical skills to develop and implement simulations of mixing and dispersion processes, correctly interpreting the results of the simulations and applying these concepts to real environmental problems.
Manage Complex Environmental Data: Acquire, process, and analyze complex georeferenced data, applying numerical models and analysis techniques to study the dispersion of substances in the atmosphere and marine environment.
Integrate Theory and Practice: Demonstrate the ability to integrate theoretical knowledge with practical applications, developing model-based solutions to address engineering and environmental issues related to mixing and dispersion.
Communicate Scientific Results: Present and discuss the results of simulations and data analyses clearly and effectively, both through written reports and oral presentations, demonstrating a comprehensive understanding of the studied mixing and dispersion processes.
In summary, the course aims to train students capable of applying advanced theoretical knowledge and technical skills in the analysis, modeling, and simulation of mixing and dispersion processes, preparing them to effectively contribute to research and professional practice in the field of environmental engineering.

Mixing in the atmosphere
Introduction to the course and review of elementary fluid dynamics
Turbulence and closures
The concept of eddy viscosity
Ekman boundary layer
Discussion on the effect of crossing isobars
Definition of Air Parcel
Dry case and dry-adiabatic lapse rate
Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate deduced from the First Law of Thermodynamics
Static stability of the atmosphere
Potential temperature
Mechanisms of stability
Mechanisms of instability
Equations of passive scalar transport and 'energetic' balance equation
Comments on the balance equations of the passive scalar
Energy spectrum and fluctuation flows
The Peclet number and proliferation of degrees of freedom
Need for a RANS-type description
RANS equations and the closure problem
Seminar on weather models.
Yaglom's law and the flow of "energy" of scalar fluctuations
RANS equation for the large-scale square
RANS equation for the small-scale square
Closure based on phenomenology and eddy diffusivity dependence on the Richardson number.
Lagrangian description of the transport problem
Evolution of heavy particles and the role of inertia
Stokes time and the limit of small Stokes times
The Brownian contribution
Python exercise on Kolmogorov parallel flow and cellular flows
Mixing in the sea
-) the introduction of some general notions of physical oceanography; -) the introduction of the concepts of scientific programming and numerical analysis; -) the processing of large amounts of georeferenced data in formats commonly used in engineering and environmental physics; -) the implementation of a marine circulation and dispersion model for simulations of engineering and environmental interest. The teaching activity in this second part is organized into three sections. In the first it is taught how to configure virtual machines and use the LINUX operating system, together with text editors such as EMACS. Next, the PYTHON programming language and JUPYTER software are introduced. The second section introduces the basic concepts of numerical analysis and some numerical schemes for solving ordinary differential equations, specifically studying the equations for inertial oscillations and using PYTHON functions to calculate the trajectories of different particles moving at sea. After having presented autoregressive models and the NetCDF data format, the previously introduced concepts are applied using surface marine velocities measured by high-frequency coastal radars. If time permits, layered ocean models and reduced gravity models are also introduced. In the last section, the concepts behind different marine circulation models, the basics of FORTRAN and CPP are introduced. Inertial oscillations are then simulated also with the ROMS ocean model, showing the students how to read and visualize its numerical outputs. Finally, the circulation and dispersion of substances in an idealized tidal inlet are simulated always with ROMS. Students can access the final exam only after taking all the exercises provided during this second part of the course. For the final exam, students may also choose to take a practical test resulting in a corresponding report on the second part of the course where they implement numerical schemes and configure the ROMS model similarly to what it was shown in class.

The final evaluation of the module includes a balanced approach aimed at assessing both the practical skills and the theoretical understanding of the students. This approach is structured in two main phases: a practical computer exercise and an oral examination.
Practical Computer Exercise
The first phase of the exam consists of a practical exercise conducted using the computer, during which students are called upon to demonstrate their abilities in applying the theoretical concepts learned to concrete environmental interest problems. This part of the exam is designed to evaluate the student's ability to use advanced computational tools, such as specific programming languages like Python, to model the dynamics of geophysical fluids in realistic scenarios.
During the exercise, students will need to solve a set of selected problems that will require data processing, the implementation of numerical models, and the interpretation of the results obtained. The goal is to assess not only the accuracy of the proposed solutions but also the ability to critically and creatively apply the knowledge acquired, as well as clarity in presenting the results.
Oral Examination
The second phase of the exam consists of an oral test, during which the theoretical understanding of the topics covered in the course will be verified. The oral examination aims to evaluate the depth of the student's knowledge on the fundamental principles of geophysical fluid dynamics and the theoretical implications of the phenomena studied. During the oral, students may be asked specific questions on course themes, requiring an in-depth discussion that highlights a solid understanding of the concepts.
In addition to the theoretical part, the oral examination will also include the discussion of a report prepared by the student. This report must be based on the practical computer exercise and aims to evaluate the student's ability to synthesize and effectively communicate the results of the work done, integrating theoretical and applied aspects. The report represents an opportunity for the student to demonstrate their critical and analytical approach to problems, as well as the skills acquired in data interpretation and the formulation of valid conclusions.
Overall Assessment
The final evaluation of the course will be based on the combination of performances obtained in the practical computer exercise and the oral examination, taking into account both the quality of the proposed solutions and the ability to argue and present theoretical concepts. This multidimensional approach to evaluation ensures a comprehensive view of the student's competencies, rewarding not only theoretical knowledge but also practical and analytical abilities, essential for a career in the field of environmental engineering.

The method of assessing student preparedness for the course has been carefully designed to ensure a fair and comprehensive evaluation of the skills acquired, both from a theoretical and practical standpoint. This evaluation process aims to give students the opportunity to fully demonstrate their understanding and abilities, through various phases that include:
Practical Computer Exercise
Students will first be assessed through a practical computer exercise, which will focus on applying the theoretical concepts studied to real problems of geophysical fluid dynamics. This phase of the assessment will verify the student's ability to use specific software and computational tools, such as Python, to model complex phenomena and analyze scientific data. The accuracy of the proposed solutions, clarity in presenting results, and a critical and creative approach to problem-solving will be key elements in evaluating the practical skills acquired.
Oral Examination
Subsequently, students will undergo an oral examination aimed at ascertaining the depth of their theoretical understanding and the ability to link the principles of mixing processes in real environmental contexts. During the oral, the topics covered in the course will be discussed, with targeted questions to explore the students' understanding of fundamental concepts and practical applications. Particular importance will be given to the discussion of a report written by the student, based on the practical exercise, to evaluate synthesis ability, the capacity to effectively communicate scientific results, and the integration between theory and practice.
Report Evaluation
The written report represents a fundamental aspect of the assessment, as it allows evaluating the student's ability to conduct independent analysis, process the data collected during the practical exercise, and present the results in a clear and coherent manner. The quality of the report, in terms of content, structure, and presentation, will be carefully considered in the overall evaluation.
Evaluation Criteria
The final evaluation will consider various criteria, including the technical and theoretical correctness of the answers provided during the oral examination, the originality and analytical approach demonstrated in the practical exercise and the report, as well as the ability to argue, critique, and communicate. The goal is to ensure a holistic evaluation that fairly and accurately reflects the competencies and knowledge acquired by the student during the course.
In summary, the assessment method has been structured to provide a comprehensive and detailed measurement of the student's preparation, emphasizing the importance of integrating theoretical knowledge and practical skills, essential in the field of studying mixing processes.

Fluid Mechanics, 6th Edition - June 4, 2015, Authors: Pijush K. Kundu, Ira M. Cohen, David R Dowling, Language: English, Hardback ISBN: 9780124059351, eBook ISBN: 9780124071513

The course offers comprehensive training on geophysical movements and mixing processes in the atmosphere and oceans, blending theory with numerical simulation. It covers phenomena like ocean circulation and atmospheric currents, emphasizing an interdisciplinary approach. Students will develop advanced skills in analyzing, modeling, and predicting complex phenomena, preparing them for careers in research, environmental consulting, management, and policy, thereby addressing critical environmental issues.

The course aims to provide the foundations of i) geophysical fluid dynamics and ii) mixing processes in air and sea. Regarding i), significant attention will be given to the study of the Earth's rotation effect on triggering dynamic phenomena not present when the Earth's rotation is neglected in the equations of motion. As for ii), the main mechanisms responsible for mixing in air and sea will be analyzed, including the role of static stability. Although the course primarily aims to provide the theoretical bases that regulate geophysical fluid dynamics and mixing processes, great attention will also be paid to the computer exercise part aimed at applying theoretical concepts to practical problems of interest concerning various environmental applications, including the study of dispersion through the Lagrangian method.

The final assessment of the course involves a balanced approach aimed at evaluating both the practical skills and the theoretical understanding of the students. This approach is structured in two main phases: a practical computer exercise and an oral examination.
Practical Computer Exercise
The first phase of the exam consists of a practical exercise using the computer, during which students are called to demonstrate their abilities in applying the theoretical concepts learned to concrete environmental interest problems. This part of the exam is designed to assess the student's ability to use advanced computational tools, such as specific programming languages like Python, to model fluid dynamics and mixing processes in realistic scenarios.
During the exercise, students will need to solve a set of selected problems that will require data processing, implementation of numerical models, and interpretation of the results obtained. The goal is to evaluate not only the accuracy of the proposed solutions but also the ability to critically and creatively apply the knowledge acquired, as well as clarity in the presentation of results.
Oral Examination
The second phase of the exam consists of an oral test, during which the theoretical understanding of the topics covered in the course will be verified. The oral examination aims to assess the depth of the student's knowledge on the fundamental principles of geophysical fluid dynamics, mixing mechanisms, and the theoretical implications of the phenomena studied. During the oral, students may be asked specific questions on course themes, requiring an in-depth discussion that highlights a solid understanding of the concepts.
In addition to the theoretical part, the oral examination will also include the discussion of a report prepared by the student. This report must be based on the practical computer exercise and aims to evaluate the student's ability to synthesize and effectively communicate the results of the work done, integrating theoretical and applied aspects. The report represents an opportunity for the student to demonstrate their critical and analytical approach to problems, as well as the skills acquired in data interpretation and the formulation of valid conclusions.
Overall Assessment
The final assessment of the course will be based on the combination of performances obtained in the practical computer exercise and the oral examination, taking into account both the quality of the solutions proposed and the ability to argue and present the theoretical concepts. This multidimensional approach to assessment ensures a comprehensive view of the student's skills, rewarding not only theoretical knowledge but also practical and analytical abilities, essential for a career in the field of environmental engineering.

The method of assessing students' preparation for the course has been carefully designed to ensure a fair and comprehensive evaluation of the skills acquired, both from a theoretical and practical perspective. This evaluation process aims to provide students with the opportunity to fully demonstrate their understanding and abilities, through various phases that include:
Practical Computer Exercise
Students will first be assessed through a practical computer exercise, focusing on the application of the theoretical concepts studied to real geophysical fluid dynamics problems. This phase of the assessment will verify the student's ability to use specific software and computational tools, like Python, to model complex phenomena and analyze scientific data. The accuracy of the proposed solutions, clarity in presenting results, and a critical and creative approach to problem-solving will be key elements in evaluating the practical skills acquired.
Oral Examination
Subsequently, students will undergo an oral examination aimed at ascertaining the depth of their theoretical understanding and the ability to link the principles of geophysical fluid dynamics to mixing processes in real environmental contexts. During the oral exam, topics covered in the course will be discussed, with questions designed to explore the students' understanding of fundamental concepts and practical applications. Furthermore, particular importance will be given to the discussion of a report written by the student, based on the practical exercise, to assess the ability to synthesize, effectively communicate scientific results, and integrate theory and practice.
Report Evaluation
The written report represents a fundamental aspect of the assessment, as it allows evaluating the student's ability to conduct independent analysis, process data collected during the practical exercise, and present the results clearly and coherently. The quality of the report, in terms of content, structure, and presentation, will be carefully considered in the overall evaluation.
Evaluation Criteria
The final assessment will take into account various criteria, including the technical and theoretical correctness of the answers provided during the oral exam, originality and analytical approach demonstrated in the practical exercise and the report, as well as the ability to argue, critique, and communicate. The goal is to ensure a holistic evaluation that fairly and accurately reflects the competencies and knowledge acquired by the student throughout the course.
In summary, the assessment method has been structured to provide a complete and detailed measurement of the student's preparation, emphasizing the importance of integrating theoretical knowledge and practical skills, essential in the field of geophysical fluid dynamics and mixing processes.

Il modulo affronta il dimensionamento e la realizzazione di impianti idraulici e manufatti per il controllo e gestione delle acque in ambiente urbano e sul territorio. Fornisce strumenti concettuali/operativi per il dimensionamento e realizzazione di opere idrauliche per il controllo degli scarichi di origine antropica, la laminazione delle piene e ripartizione delle portate, degli impianti di pompaggio dell’acqua e stazioni di sollevamento.

Prima parte: Controllo e gestione delle acque. Controllo degli scarichi di origine antropica; scaricatori di piena; valori di soglia della portata delle fognature unitarie; limitazione del numero di eventi di scarico; partizionamento della portata; dimensionamento e verifica degli sfioratori laterali in corrente lenta e in corrente veloce; interventi di ottimizzazione; paratoie e restringimento di sezione. Acque di prima pioggia e vasche di trattamento. Controllo delle portate massime in fognatura; dimensionamento e verifica delle vasche di laminazione; metodi semplificati; rimozione delle ipotesi semplificative; criteri costruttivi; manutenzione e gestione degli invasi.
Seconda parte: Impianti di sollevamento. Definizione e calcolo della prevalenza. Determinazione della curva caratteristica dell’impianto. Pompe centrifughe; definizione e tipologie; calcolo della curva caratteristica della pompa; Regolazione della prevalenza; Similitudine delle pompe centrifughe. Determinazione del punto di funzionamento; Regolazione e stabilità del punto di funzionamento. Uso di pompe in serie e in parallelo. Schemi di tipici impianti di sollevamento. La cavitazione nelle pompe centrifughe; definizione e calcolo dell’NPSH; limitazione del rischio di cavitazione. Altri tipi di pompe: pompe a vite; pompe volumetriche, a membrana, a pistone, a ingranaggi; vite di Archimede, ecc. Dimensionamento del volume della vasca di aspirazione; criteri costruttivi; limitazione dei vortici e del ristagno. Sollevamento di fluidi diversi dall’acqua; sospensioni; liquami di fognatura. Scelta della girante. Transitori negli impianti di sollevamento; dispositivi di protezione dalle sovrapressioni.

La preparazione acquisita programma del corso verrà valutata tramite un esame orale. La discussione della esercitazione di gruppo sarò parte integrante della valutazione.

Per la relazione sul dimensionamento dello sfioratore laterale basata sull’esperienza di laboratorio, l’accertamento della preparazione dello studente viene effettuato sulla base della corretta esposizione e discussione del lavoro di gruppo assegnato, delle basi teoriche utilizzate e delle risultanze dell'esperienza di laboratorio. Verranno valutate inoltre le capacità di interazione all’interno del gruppo e nei confronti della classe e di argomentazione tecnico-progettuale basata sulle domande poste dal docente.
Per la prova orale, l’accertamento della preparazione dello studente viene effettuato sulla base della corretta esposizione e discussione di tematiche progettuali e/o concettuali relative all’intero programma del corso.

Le dispense del corso sono disponibili su AulaWeb e sono esaustive del programma svolto. Durante il corso sono segnalati alcuni testi a supporto, consigliati per l’eventuale approfondimento degli argomenti trattati.

Seismic risk analysis of the built environment in relation to natural events: hazard, exposure and vulnerability. Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment: occurrence of earthquakes, mitigation laws. Taxonomy and classification of the exposed assets. Vulnerability models: observational (macroseismic method), mechanical based (analytical or numerical) and hybrid methods. Evaluation of fragility curves from nonlinear dynamic analyzes (IDA, MSA and cloud method). Probabilistic framework for the calculation of risk. Analysis of economic consequences and losses (direct and indirect damage). The resilience of the built environment and the society: robustness and recovery time. Risk assessment, prevention and management of the seismic emergency in the case of monumental building: LV1 models, vulnerability and damage survey forms.

The impact of natural hazards on the built environment is not limited to direct damage but involves indirect damage, linked to the interruption of production and social activities. Modern risk analyzes must consider these aspects and evaluate the resilience of the community, namely: 1) the ability to limit the damage produced by the event (robustness of buildings); 2) better manage the emergency phases; 3) react promptly, favoring a rapid return to normality (limiting the "down time").
After a framing of the problem with regard to the various natural hazards (earthquake, floods, fires, etc.), the course will focus on seismic resilience.

The oral exam consists in the discussion of a report carried out by the student, relating to a seismic risk analysis on a territorial scale, and in questions on the program developed in the course.

The assessment will concern:
capacity to express the contents with clarity and precision of terminology
capacity to link the oral discussion to the topics discussed in the program
capacity to synthesize and critically discuss the applied procedure and the results obtained from the practical exercises

Course notes, available on AulaWeb.
Recording of the lessons on Teams.
References to journal papers provided by the teacher at the beginning of the year.

Lo scopo del modulo è quello di fornire agli studenti conoscenze teoriche e pratiche sull'identificazione, la caratterizzazione e l'analisi dei fenomeni franosi. Il corso si concentra sulle analisi di stabilità dei pendii naturali e artificiali, necessarie per progettare interventi di mitigazione e stabilizzazione e per prevenire/ridurre gli spostamenti di versante.

INTRODUZIONE. CLASSIFICAZIONE DELLE FRANE. RISCHIO FRANA. INTRODUZIONE ALLE ANALISI DI STABILITÀ DI VERSANTI NATURALI E ARTIFICIALI. METODI ALL’EQUILIBRIO LIMITE GLOBALE (METODO DEL PENDIO INDEFINITO, METODI DEI CONCI). ANALISI NUMERICHE. STABILITA’ DI PENDII IN ROCCIA. NORMATIVA: STABILITÀ DI FRONTI NATURALI E ARTIFICIALI (SIA IN COND. STATICHE SIA IN COND. DINAMICHE). INDAGINI E MONITORAGGI SU VERSANTE. ESEMPI ED ESERCITAZIONI.

La verifica dell’apprendimento avviene attraverso un colloquio orale.

L’esame è volto ad accertare la comprensione dei contenuti teorici ed applicativi del corso. Il colloquio e lo svolgimento di esercizi durante la prova orale sono finalizzati all’accertamento delle conoscenze acquisite.

Oltre alle dispense vengono forniti riferimenti bibliografici.

The course aims at providing a vast and up-to-date knowledge on the main policies, laws and tools for sustainable planning. It examines in depth the most important spatial issues at the local and international level and analyses the European and Italian landscape in relation to: urban safety and security, natural/anthropic risk prevention, smart and sustainable mobility, waterfront renewal, waste management, eco-responsible tourism, energy planning.

The course aims to present the main issues related to sustainability at the urban and territorial levels.
In particular, it looks in depth at the main levels of institutional competence and the related procedures in an evolutionary perspective, as well as the tools aimed at planning sustainability in the various fields. The course also illustrates virtuous experiences on the international scene.

The course includes an oral examination.
The examination consists of two parts:

• the first consists of the presentation of the topics presented during the lectures
• the second part consists of the presentation and subsequent discussion of the results obtained on a topic of your choice from among those proposed. It is an integral part of the examination.
  There are 3 examination dates for the winter session (January-February-March) and 3 dates for the summer session (June, July and September).

The assessment will be carried out through an oral test, in which the overall subject knowledge and the group work carried out during the course will be evaluated.
The oral exam will mainly focus on the topics dealt with in the lectures and will have the purpose of evaluating not only if the student has reached an adequate level of knowledge, but if he has acquired the ability to critically analyze territorial problems.

All slides and other material used during the lectures will be available on @aulaweb, in English. In general, the notes taken during the lectures and the material on @aulaweb are sufficient for exam preparation. However, a more specific bibliography will be made available to the groups to support further study.
The books listed below are suggested as supporting texts:
Tira M., Van der Krabben E., Zanon B., Land Management for Urban Dynamics, Maggioli, 2011
Parker G., Street E., Contemporary Planning Practice, Macmillan International, London, 2021
Lehmann S., Low Carbon Cities. Transforming Urban Systems, Routledge, 2015
S. Serranti (a cura di), Scienze della sostenibilità. Energia Risorse Città Acqua Ecosistemi Diritto. 2022, Zanichelli
Gaeta L., Janin Rivolin J., Mazza L., Governo del territorio e pianificazione spaziale, Città Studi Edizioni, 2021
Pirlone F., 2015. I rifiuti e i Piani di gestione urbana all’interno della governance. Collana Città e territorio, Franco Angeli, Milano.
Ugolini P., 2009. Approccio alla sostenibilità nella governance del territorio. Collana Città e Territorio, Franco Angeli, Milano.
Pirlone F. 2009, I rischi naturali nelle prassi ordinarie di pianificazione e gestione urbanistica. L’importanza della temporalità nella sicurezza del territorio, Alinea Editrice, Firenze.
Busi R., Pezzagno M. (a cura di), 2006. Mobilità dolce e turismo sostenibile. Un approccio interdisciplinare. Gangemi Editore, Roma.

Students will be instructed on the general processes involved in the morphodynamics and eco-morphodynamics of tidal environments, gaining useful skills to research and consultancy purposes.

The course programme includes the presentation and discussion of the following topics:
Introduction to tidal environments: estuaries and lagoons
Tides.
Propagation of a tidal wave in an estuary.
Tidal inlets hydrodynamics and stability.
Introduction to estuarine and lagoon morphodynamics.
Eco-hydraulic: Biofilm, vegetation.
Some examples of interaction between vegetation and hydro and morphodynamics processes in tidal environments.
Possible effects related to the sea level rise.

In order to access the exam, the student is required to produce a report containing some applications presented during the course. The exam includes only an oral test which is aimed at ascertaining the degree of knowledge of the topics covered during the lectures. In particular, questions focus on the formulation of the problems addressed in the course, which allow to derive the application tools used in the tutorials. Usually, the students will be asked two questions on relatively large subjects, leaving the details to the following discussion.
Working students and students with SLD, disability or other special educational need certificate, are advised to contact the teacher at the beginning of the course to agree on teaching and examination methods that, in compliance with the teaching objectives, take into account individual learning modalities.

The oral exam will focus primarily on the topics covered during the frontal lessons and will aim to assess not only whether the student has reached an appropriate level of knowledge, but whether he/she has acquired the ability to critically analyze problems that will be asked during the exam. If necessary, the student will be asked to solve simple problems in order to evaluate the his/her skills.

All teaching material will be available on aul@web. In general, notes taken during lessons and material provided on aul@web allow for the preparation of the exam.

Sviluppare un lavoro autonomo finalizzato ad approfondire problematiche teoriche o applicative, oppure lo sviluppo di un progetto, nell'ambito di un tirocinio presso un'azienda o un'istituzione.

Sviluppare un lavoro autonomo finalizzato ad approfondire problematiche teoriche o applicative, oppure lo sviluppo di un progetto, nell'ambito di un tirocinio presso un'azienda o un'istituzione.

Il corso offre un'ampia trattazione dei temi dell'inquinamento, delle bonifiche e la depurazione del suolo, sulla base dei principi dell'analisi del rischio. Oltre alla gestione dei siti contaminati, il trattamento dei rifiuti solidi viene inoltre discusso analizzando diversi casi di studio di incenerimento, impianti di compostaggio e discariche.

Viene proposta una trattazione ampia degli aspetti di inquinamento, bonifica nei principali comparti ambientali con particolare riferimento a suolo, sottosuolo ed acque sotterranee. Parte della trattazione del corso si concentra sul trattamento rifiuti, analizzato secondo le diverse e principali modalità gestionali: discariche controllate, termovalorizzatori, compostaggio, riciclaggio, ecc.

• introduzione alle politiche ambientali e riferimenti normativi testo unico Dlgs 152.
• gestione e classificazione dei rifiuti
• raccolta differenziata
• principi di economia circolare, riuso, riciclaggio delle principali frazioni merceologiche
• principi di analisi del ciclo di vita
• smaltimento in discarica e analisi di casi studio
• visita impianto (esercitazione)
• compostaggio e biodigestione e analisi casi studio
• termovalorizzazione, combustione indiretta e analisi di casi studio
• trattamento degli effluenti gassosi, solidi e liquidi dei termovalorizzatori
• bonifica siti contaminati e aspetti normativi
• caratteristiche dei suoli e principi di geochimica
• diffusione dei contaminanti nei suoli e nelle falde
• analisi del rischio
• contaminazione di suolo e sottosuolo
• messa in sicurezza permanente e d'emergenza
• principali tecniche di bonifica
• trattamento biologici e chimico-fisici
• analisi di casi studio su siti sottoposti a bonifica

L'esame consiste nel superare un esame orale. Durante la sessione invernale saranno previste tre sessioni di esame (dicembre, gennaio e febbraio) e quattro sessioni d'esame durante la sessione estiva e durante la sosta didattica autunnale della Scuola Politecnica. Al di fuori dei normali periodi della Scuola Politecnica non saranno svolte ulteriori sessioni d'esame, ad eccezione degli studenti senza attività didattiche nel loro attuale curriculum dell'anno accademico.

Saranno poste domande sia sulla bonifica del suolo che sulla gestione dei rifiuti, in relazione agli argomenti trattati durante il corso e presenti nel materiale didattico fornito. I casi di studio analizzati durante le lezioni saranno parte degli argomenti d'esame. Durante l'esame è necessaria una corretta comprensione ed un corretto uso dell'Analisi del Rischio e della Metodologia dell'Analisi del Ciclo di Vita. Per quanto riguarda la bonifica del suolo, verrà presentata una situazione specifica di contaminazione di una matrice ambientale e lo studente dovrà identificare le opzioni applicabili tra le tecniche di bonifica viste durante le lezioni. Per quanto riguarda il trattamento e l'utilizzo dei rifiuti, lo studente deve illustrare quali sono le opzioni di trattamento o di recupero di materia/energia, applicabili a una frazione specifica del rifiuto. Saranno valutate anche la qualità della presentazione, la terminologia corretta e le capacità di pensiero critico.

D.lgs 152 Testo Unico Ambientale
ISO 14040:2006 Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Principles and framework
Bonifica dei terreni contaminati - CTTC - Comitato Tecnico Terreni Contaminati
Urban Mining - a Global cycle approach to resource recovery from solid waste

The course aims to provide a solid knowledge about fluid mechanics processes that could be exploited for the production of renewable energies. The assessment and conversion of energy potential in rivers, oceans and atmosphere will be addressed.

The program of the module includes the presentation of the following topics by experienced teachers in the field:
1. Introduction Course didactic structure, examination modalities, contextualization of contents, overview on environmental issues.
2. Wind potential assessment Numerical weather prediction models, introduction to AI techniques for optimizing wind resource forecasting.
4. Wind turbines Wind turbine typologies, technology, optimal production, estimation of windiness at the site and energy production.
5. Hydropower production Plant types, hydrological and hydraulic assessment, potential hydropower production and preliminary design.
6. Marine resources Evaluation and exploitation of the resource. Preliminary design of single or combined offshore plants.

The final exam consists of a written test with open questions or problems, one per each of the four main topics addressed in the course (assessment of wind production potential, wind turbines, inland hydropower plants, marine hydropower production).
There are 3 exam dates for the 'summer' session (June, July, September) and 2 exam dates for the 'winter' session (January and February). No extraordinary dates are granted outside the periods indicated by the Scuola Politecnica, with the exception of students who have not included educational activities in the curriculum during the current academic year.

The exam aims to ascertain the ability to analyse specific problems, the skills acquired and the ability to use them to orient oneself in the real-world application.

The teaching material used during the classes will be available on the Aulaweb site. The notes taken during the lessons and the material available on Aulaweb are sufficient for the preparation of the exam.
Examples of additional textbooks to be used as a support and in-depth learning are as follows

• Magela Pereira, G. (2021). Design of Hydroelectric Power Plants – Step by Step (1st ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003161325
• “Guidelines for Design of Wind Turbines”. Det Norske Veritas, Copenhagen and Wind Energy Department, Risø National Laboratory, 2002.
• “Le energie rinnovabili”, Andrea Bartolazzi. Hoepli, Milano, 2010.
• “Fundamentals of Ocean Renewable Energy”, Simon Neill & Reza Hashemi, Elsevier, pp. 336-
• “Offshore Energy and Marine Spatial Planning”, Katherine L. Yates & Corey J. A. Bradshaw, CRC Press, pp. 300

To provide interpretative and predictive tools for the analysis, design and management of ideas, projects and systems in the field of water resources at the watershed scale.

The course includes: 1) outline of economics, optimization, uncertainty and reliability analysis; 2) estimate of resources and demand for surface and underground water systems and for industrial, civil and distribution plants; 3) flood risk management and flood control systems; 4) management in drought conditions; 5) virtual water content and redistribution of water resources; 6) risk analysis for energy production plants, manufacturing plants, insurance and reinsurance companies, leisure facilities

Written and oral exam.

The written test consists in the preparation, during the year, of a report, in the form of technical consultancy, aimed at analyzing a project involving the use of a water resource. The report is personal and must be delivered at least seven days before the date set for the oral exam. The oral exam consists in the presentation and discussion, in set times, of the report, integrated by two / three questions concerning the topics covered in the lectures and exercises. The questions are mainly aimed at ascertaining the operational skills acquired by the student.

Mays, L.W., Tung, Y., Hydrosystems Engineering and Management, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1992.
Mays, L.W., Water Resources Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New Yok, 1995.
Loucks, D., et al. Water Resources Systems Planning and Analysis, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1981.