Il corso ha l’obiettivo di fornire agli studenti una ampia conoscenza teorico e
pratica delle dinamiche di sviluppo e gestione dell’innovazione nei mercati e
nelle imprese. Per questo motivo il corso si compone di due parti una relativa
all’economia dell’innovazione e ai processi di diffusione dell’innovazione, e una
seconda parte invece riguarda l’innovazione all’interno delle imprese con
riferimento alla gestione dei processi di innovazione, alla dimensione strategica
della stessa e alle pratiche manageriali di uso comune. Lo studente acquisisce
la conoscenza teorica attraverso le lezioni e le letture consigliate nel corso,
mentre acquisisce competenze pratiche attraverso lo sviluppo di case studies,
discussioni tematiche, project works appositamente creati e discussi in aula.
4 Modulo 1 – Definizioni di base: Cos'è l'innovazione, Tipi di innovazione, Relazione tra mercato e tecnologie,
Tipi di tecnologie, I quadranti dell'innovazione, Evoluzione delle tecnologie - Le curve S
8 Modulo 2: Economia dell'innovazione: Perchè l'innovazione è importante, Innovazione e crescita economica,
Innovazione e struttura dei mercati
6 Modulo 3 - Diffusione delle tecnologie: Modelli di diffusione delle tecnologie, Adozione delle Tecnologie, Effetto
di rete, Standard e Tecnologie Dominanti
8 Modulo 4 – Innovazione e l'impresa: Perchè le imprese innovano; Resource-Based View and Dynamic
Capabilities; Exploration vs Exploitation; Exploration, Exploitation and sviluppo di nuovo prodotto, Absorptive
Capacity, The Closed Innovation Loop, The Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Model
4 Modulo 5 - Proprietà intellettuale e appropriabili: Brevetti, Corse brevettuali, Strategie Brevettuali
6 Modulo 6 - Strategia di innovazione: Innovazione radicale vs Incrementale, Tecnologie distruttive, Ciclo di vita
delle Tecnologie e uso delle curve S, la matrice dell'innovazione, Il portafoglio delle tecnologie
4 Modulo 7 - Innovazione aperta: Dalla innovazione chiusa a quella aperta, il paradigma dell'innovazione aperta,
Flussi e pratiche di innovazione aperta
14 Case study, simulazione di business case, discussione di business case, flipped classroom
Conoscenza e capacità di comprensione (knowledge and understanding)
Lo studente, al termine del corso, avrà acquisito conoscenze e metodologie per
valutare gli aspetti economici e imprenditoriali dell’innovazione e avrà imparato
gli strumenti metodologici necessari a gestire l’innovazione in azienda. Lo
studente sarà in grado di comprendere l’importanza delle dinamiche innovative
nella trasformazione dei mercati competitivi e le principali skill manageriali per
gestire l’innovazione all’interno dell’azienda.
Conoscenza e capacità di comprensione applicate (applying knowledge and
understanding)
Lo studente, attraverso lo sviluppo di casi di studio e progetti applicativi avrà
acquisito competenze per valutare l’impatto dell’innovazione nei mercati
competitivi e le pratiche manageriali per la gestione dell’innovazione all’interno
dell’impresa.
Autonomia di giudizio (making judgements)
Lo studente avrà acquisito metodologie quantitative e qualitative per l’analisi
dell’innovazione all’interno dei mercati, la sua evoluzione e l’impatto competitivo.
Lo studente sarà in grado di esprimere giudizi di valore sulle pratiche
manageriali di gestione dell’innovazione.
Abilità comunicative (communication skills)
Lo studente sarà in grado di comunicare con proprietà di linguaggio aspetti
relativi all’economia dell’innovazione e alla gestione manageriale della stessa.
Capacità di apprendere (learning skills)
Lo studente avrà acquisito tutti gli strumenti culturali e metodologici per
approfondire la tematica dell’innovazione sia nel suo aspetto economico che
manageriale.
G. Perrone - Slide del corso - Class material - This material is usually enough
for studying the class
Essential readings
Schumpeter, J.A. (1942). Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. Harper &
Brothers. [Chapters 7–8, on creative destruction]
Fagerberg, J. (2005). 'Innovation: A Guide to the Literature', in Fagerberg,
Mowery & Nelson (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Innovation. Oxford University
Press. [Chapter 1]
Henderson, R.M. & Clark, K.B. (1990). 'Architectural Innovation: The
Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and the Failure of Established
Firms'. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 9–30.
Christensen, C.M. (1997). The Innovator's Dilemma. Harvard Business School
Press. [Chapter 1 – overview of sustaining vs disruptive technologies]
OECD/Eurostat (2018). Oslo Manual 2018: Guidelines for Collecting, Reporting
and Using Data on Innovation (4th ed.). OECD Publishing. [Chapter 3 – typology
of innovation]
Ansoff, H.I. (1957). 'Strategies for Diversification'. Harvard Business Review,
35(5), 113–124.
Abernathy, W.J. & Utterback, J.M. (1978). 'Patterns of Industrial Innovation'.
Technology Review, 80(7), 40–47.
Tushman, M.L. & Anderson, P. (1986). 'Technological Discontinuities and
Organizational Environments'. Administrative Science Quarterly, 31(3), 439–465.
Dosi, G. (1982). 'Technological Paradigms and Technological Trajectories'.
Research Policy, 11(3), 147–162.
Satell, G. (2017). Mapping Innovation: A Playbook for Navigating a Disruptive
Age. McGraw-Hill. [Chapter 2 – the Innovation Matrix]
Mowery, D. & Rosenberg, N. (1979). 'The Influence of Market Demand upon
Innovation: A Critical Review of Some Recent Empirical Studies'. Research
Policy, 8(2), 102–153.
Foster, R.N. (1986). Innovation: The Attacker's Advantage. Summit Books.
[Chapters 4–5]
Rogers, E.M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations (5th ed.). Free Press. [Chapter 1 –
introduction to S-shaped diffusion]
Solow, R.M. (1957). 'Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function'.
Review of Economics and Statistics, 39(3), 312–320.
Romer, P.M. (1990). 'Endogenous Technological Change'. Journal of Political
Economy, 98(5), S71–S102.
Aghion, P. & Howitt, P. (1992). 'A Model of Growth through Creative
Destruction'. Econometrica, 60(2), 323–351.
Nelson, R.R. & Winter, S.G. (1982). An Evolutionary Theory of Economic
Change. Harvard University Press. [Chapters 1, 4, 12]
Jaffe, A.B. (1986). 'Technological Opportunity and Spillovers of R&D'. American
Economic Review, 76(5), 984–1001. [Knowledge spillovers]
Lucas, R.E. (1988). 'On the Mechanics of Economic Development'. Journal of
Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3–42. [Human capital and growth]
Arrow, K.J. (1962). 'Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for
Invention', in Nelson (ed.), The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity.
Princeton University Press.
Gilbert, R. & Newbery, D. (1982). 'Preemptive Patenting and the Persistence of
Monopoly'. American Economic Review, 72(3), 514–526.
Reinganum, J.F. (1983). 'Uncertain Innovation and the Persistence of
Monopoly'. American Economic Review, 73(4), 741–748. [Reconciliation of
Arrow vs Gilbert-Newbery]
Cohen, W.M. & Levin, R.C. (1989). 'Empirical Studies of Innovation and Market
Structure', in Schmalensee & Willig (eds.), Handbook of Industrial Organization,
Vol. 2. Elsevier. [Schumpeterian hypothesis]
Rogers, E.M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations (5th ed.). Free Press. [Chapters 1,
5, 7]
Bass, F.M. (1969). 'A New Product Growth for Model Consumer Durables'.
Management Science, 15(5), 215–227.
Geroski, P.A. (2000). 'Models of Technology Diffusion'. Research Policy, 29(4–
5), 603–625.
Battisti, G. & Stoneman, P. (2003). 'Inter- and Intra-Firm Effects in the Diffusion
of New Process Technology'. Research Policy, 32(9), 1641–1655.
Katz, M.L. & Shapiro, C. (1985). 'Network Externalities, Competition, and
Compatibility'. American Economic Review, 75(3), 424–440.
Rochet, J.-C. & Tirole, J. (2003). 'Platform Competition in Two-Sided Markets'.
Journal of the European Economic Association, 1(4), 990–1029.
Shapiro, C. & Varian, H.R. (1999). Information Rules. Harvard Business School
Press. [Chapter 7 – networks and positive feedback; Chapter 8 – managing lock-
in]
Suarez, F.F. (2004). 'Battles for Technological Dominance: An Integrative
Framework'. Research Policy, 33(2), 271–286.
Arthur, W.B. (1989). 'Competing Technologies, Increasing Returns, and Lock-In
by Historical Events'. Economic Journal, 99(394), 116–131.
Tirole, J. (1988). The Theory of Industrial Organization. MIT Press. [Chapter 10
- R&D and patents]
Dosi, G., Faillo, M. & Marengo, L. (2008). 'Organizational Capabilities, Patterns
of Knowledge Accumulation, and Governance Structures in Business Firms'.
Organization Studies, 29(8–9), 1165–1185
March, J.G. (1991). 'Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning'.
Organization Science, 2(1), 71–87.
Ahuja, G. & Katila, R. (2002). 'Technological Acquisitions and the Innovation
Performance of Acquiring Firms: A Longitudinal Study'. Strategic Management
Journal, 22(3), 197–220.
Tushman, M.L. & O'Reilly, C.A. (1996). 'Ambidextrous Organizations: Managing
Evolutionary and Revolutionary Change'. California Management Review, 38(4),
8–30.
Cooper, R.G. (1990). 'Stage-Gate Systems: A New Tool for Managing New
Products'. Business Horizons, 33(3), 44–54.
Cohen, W.M. & Levinthal, D.A. (1990). 'Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective
on Learning and Innovation'. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 128–152.
Zahra, S.A. & George, G. (2002). 'Absorptive Capacity: A Review,
Reconceptualization, and Extension'. Academy of Management Review, 27(2),
185–203.
Chesbrough, H.W. (2003). Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating
and Profiting from Technology. Harvard Business School Press. [Chapter 1 –
the logic of open innovation, contrasting the closed model]
Mowery, D.C. (2009). 'Plus ca change: Industrial R&D in the Third Industrial
Revolution'. Industrial and Corporate Change, 18(1), 1–50.
Mankins, J.C. (1995). 'Technology Readiness Levels: A White Paper'. NASA
Advanced Concepts Office. [Available open-access at NASA Technical Reports
Server]
European Commission (2014). 'Technology Readiness Levels (TRL)'. HORIZON
2020 – Work Programme 2014–2015, General Annexes, Extract from Part 19.
[Available at ec.europa.eu]
Lemley, M.A. (2001). 'Rational Ignorance at the Patent Office'. Northwestern
University Law Review, 95(4), 1495–1532. [What patents are and how they work
in practice]
Levin, R.C. et al. (1987). 'Appropriating the Returns from Industrial Research
and Development'. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 18(3), 783–832.
[Appropriability regimes by industry — the Yale survey]
Arora, A., Fosfuri, A. & Gambardella, A. (2001). Markets for Technology: The
Economics of Innovation and Corporate Strategy. MIT Press. [Chapter 1]
Reinganum, J.F. (1989). 'The Timing of Innovation: Research, Development,
and Diffusion', in Schmalensee & Willig (eds.), Handbook of Industrial
Organization. Elsevier. [Patent races]
Shapiro, C. (2001). 'Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licenses, Patent
Pools, and Standard Setting'. Innovation Policy and the Economy, 1, 119–150.
NBER. [Blocking, exchange, pools]
Teece, D.J. (1986). 'Profiting from Technological Innovation: Implications for
Integration, Collaboration, Licensing and Public Policy'. Research Policy, 15(6),
285–305. [Licensing and appropriability]
Somaya, D. (2012). 'Patent Strategy and Management: An Integrative Review
and Research Agenda'. Journal of Management, 38(4), 1084–1114.
[Comprehensive overview of patent strategies]
Dewar, R.D. & Dutton, J.E. (1986). 'The Adoption of Radical and Incremental
Innovations: An Empirical Analysis'. Management Science, 32(11), 1422–1433.
Tushman, M.L. & Anderson, P. (1986). 'Technological Discontinuities and
Organizational Environments'. Administrative Science Quarterly, 31(3), 439–465.
Christensen, C.M. (1997). The Innovator's Dilemma. Harvard Business School
Press. [Chapters 1–3]
Christensen, C.M., Raynor, M. & McDonald, R. (2015). 'What Is Disruptive
Innovation?' Harvard Business Review, 93(12), 44–53.
Utterback, J.M. & Abernathy, W.J. (1975). 'A Dynamic Model of Process and
Product Innovation'. Omega, 3(6), 639–656
Henderson, B.D. (1970). 'The Product Portfolio'. BCG Perspectives No. 66.
Boston Consulting Group. [Original source, available in BCG archives]
Roussel, P.A., Saad, K.N. & Erickson, T.J. (1991). Third Generation R&D:
Managing the Link to Corporate Strategy. Harvard Business School Press.
[Chapter 4 – portfolio approach to R&D]
Chesbrough, H.W. (2003). Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating
and Profiting from Technology. Harvard Business School Press. [Chapters 1–2]
Chesbrough, H., Vanhaverbeke, W. & West, J. (eds.) (2006). Open Innovation:
Researching a New Paradigm. Oxford University Press. [Chapters 1, 2]
Lichtenthaler, U. (2011). 'Open Innovation: Past Research, Current Debates,
and Future Directions'. Academy of Management Perspectives, 25(1), 75–93.
Laursen, K. & Salter, A. (2006). 'Open for Innovation: The Role of Openness in
Explaining Innovation Performance among UK Manufacturing Firms'. Strategic
Management Journal, 27(2), 131–150.