Medicine And Surgery

The aim of the project is to learn the Italian language but above all the scientific expressions and terms commonly used in clinical practice. Since the learners are medical students, the course also aims to introduce students to basic clinical practice using simple clinical cases and simulations of clinical cases. At the end of the course students will know how to use Italian clinical terms, will be able to speak in Italian with colleagues and patients, will be able to read and understand a hospital discharge letter and prepare a draft of hospital discharge letter.

Students interested in the course will be assigned to a tutor with whom they will learn to read a medical record in Italian, to collect the clinical history of Italian patients, to carry out an objective examination and to use the most common words used by a doctor working in Italy

There are no specific requirements. However, students who intend to follow the course must be ready to get involved and actively participate in all activities

The tutor will follow groups of 5-6 students, teach them how to read a medical record in Italian, how to carry out a medical history and a physical examination on a patient who speaks Italian. There will be simulated cases with two tutors who will act as the doctor and the patient respectively. There will be multiple choice quizzes with Italian idioms and simple clinical cases to solve

At the end of the course, learning will be verified through a test which involves: filling in a short hospital discharge letter in Italian or a medical consultation on a simulated clinical case presented during the course, or a short clinical case in Italian followed by tests with multiple choice questions

Italiano per medici. Alma edizioni, Daniela Forapani

Imparare il supporto vitale di base o sostegno di alle funzioni vitali, in inglese Basic Life Support (BLS). Si tratta di una procedura di primo soccorso che comprende la rianimazione cardiopolmonare e una sequenza di azioni di supporto di base alle funzioni vitali.
Lo scopo di tale procedura è quello di mantenere ossigenati il cervello e il muscolo cardiaco provocando, per mezzo di spinte compressive sul torace, un minimo di circolazione del sangue, dal momento che il rischio principale è rappresentato dal danno anossico cerebrale.

Imparare ad identificare e a riconoscere prontamente le situazioni che necessitano di procedure di BLS, quali:

• Perdita di coscienza (svenimento, lipotimia, sincope)
• Ostruzione meccanica delle vie aeree (corpo estraneo nella gola, affogamento)
• Folgorazione elettrica
• Arresto cardiaco.
  Eseguire con tempestività l'intervento di soccorso, in quanto la probabilità di sopravvivenza diminuisce del 7-10% per ogni minuto trascorso dall'inizio dell'arresto cardio-circolatorio.
  

Iscrizione al I anno

Lezione teorica seguita da esercitazioni su manichino Little-Anne© in piccoli gruppi (massimo 5 studenti), sotto la supervisione di un docente esperto

Valutazione da parte dell'istruttore delle manovre effettuate

BLS (Basic Life Support) Provider Manual, American Heart Association

At the successful conclusion of this course, you should be able to demonstrate the following Course Level Learning Outcomes (CLOs):

CLO.1 Knowledge & Understanding
You will acquire knowledge of:

• Fundamental principles and laws of physics and chemistry relevant to biological systems and medical applications.
• Physical and chemical models underlying the structure, properties, and transformations of matter in medical contexts.
  CLO.2 Application of Knowledge
  You will be able to:
• Apply basic physical and chemical principles to simplified problems in medical and biological contexts.
• Perform elementary quantitative calculations involving relevant physical and chemical quantities.
  CLO.3 Autonomy of Judgement
  You will be able to:
• Select appropriate physical and chemical concepts for basic problem analysis.
• Assess the consistency and correctness of results obtained from simple calculations.
  CLO.5 Learning Skills
  You will be able to:
• Demonstrate responsibility for independent study by integrating lectures, readings, and teaching materials to consolidate knowledge and prepare effectively for assessments.
  This Integrated Course contributes to the achievement of Programme Level Learning Outcomes (PLOs) for the “Harvey” degree programme in Medicine and Surgery.
  

BASIC SCIENCE is an integrated course and includes two interconnected modules:

• “CHEMISTRY” (5-CFU) and
• “MEDICAL PHYSICS” (5-CFU).
  This Integrated Course introduces you to the fundamental principles of physics and chemistry relevant to medical and biological systems and includes basic physical and chemical models describing the structure, properties, and transformations of matter, with reference to physiological processes, biological macromolecules, and medical technologies. This course will provide you with the scientific foundations required for subsequent preclinical and clinical studies.
  Additional details can be found within the individual module syllabi.
  

This first-year integrated course, which constitutes a fundamental part of your foundational training in medicine and surgery, presupposes a secondary level education in humanities, science and mathematics subjects.

Teaching methods include lectures, discussion and guided independent study. Lectures present key concepts (supports CLO.1, CLO.2), facilitate guided discussion of worked examples and problem-solving strategies (supports CLO.3, 5) and are supported by the e-learning platform (supports CLO.5). Teaching will include guidance to help you prepare for the exam and throughout you will be presented with references to further readings and other materials to support your development (supports CLO.5).

This integrated course is assessed by two separate written examinations:

Module: “CHEMISTRY” (5-CFU)
Duration: 60 minutes
Structure: 30 questions (multiple-choice, exercises, open questions). Each answer is graded according to its difficulty. There is no penalty for incorrect or unanswered questions. An extra point is given to particularly good and complete exams. This examination is worth 50% of the overall grade for the integrated course.

Module: “MEDICAL PHYSIC S” (5-CFU)
Duration: 60 minutes
Structure: 25 Multiple-Choice Questions. The final grade is calculated as the number of correct answers+6. There is no penalty for incorrect or unanswered questions. Two extra points will be assigned for the completion of mock exams, only if the exam score is at least 18/30. This examination is worth 50% of the overall grade for the integrated course.

Final Grade and Transcript:

• Your transcript will include one final, overall, grade out of 30 which represents the weighted arithmetic mean of both examinations, rounded to the next integer.
• You are required to pass each examination to pass the integrated exam and a passing mark for is 18/30
• If you receive a score of 31/30 in one of the two exams and at least 30/30 in the other, you will obtain a final grade of “30 e lode” (with honours)
  
  Additional Guidance: Please note that any observed cases of academic misconduct will lead to 0 marks being awarded.
  

Additional details can be found within the individual module syllabi.

At the successful conclusion of this course, you should be able to demonstrate the following Course Level Learning Outcomes (CLOs):

CLO.1 Knowledge & Understanding
You will acquire knowledge of:

• the structure, function, and organization of biological molecules, membranes, macromolecular processes, and major metabolic and signalling pathways, including cell cycle regulation, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and gene expression.
  CLO.2 Application of Knowledge
  You will be able to:
• apply biochemical and molecular knowledge to interpret cellular and tissue function, predict outcomes of metabolic and signalling perturbations, and explain processes in health and disease.
  CLO.3 Autonomy of Judgement
  You will be able to:
• integrate knowledge across molecular, cellular, and metabolic processes to draw reasoned conclusions.
  CLO.4 Communication skills
  You will be able to:
• clearly present and discuss biochemical and molecular biology concepts in writing.
  CLO.5 Learning Skills
  You will be able to:
• Demonstrate responsibility for independent study by integrating lectures, readings, and self-directed learning to understand the interconnectedness of biochemical and cellular concepts.
  
  This Integrated Course contributes to the achievement of Programme Level Learning Outcomes (PLOs) for the “Harvey” degree programme in Medicine and Surgery.
  

BIOCHEMISTRY is an integrated course which is structured as follows:

• CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY (2 CFU)
• MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2 CFU)
• GENERAL BIOCHEMISTRY A (7 CFU) & GENERAL BIOCHEMISTRY B (2 CFU)
  The interconnected modules of this integrated course will introduce you to the structure–function relationships of biological molecules, signalling pathways, and metabolism. Through knowledge of how molecules and cells work, the chemical processes that define them, and how they interact with one another, students will gain an in depth insight into how cells and tissues function in health and disease, and how this knowledge can be applied to understanding the basis of treatments for diseases.
  Thus, the course is crucial and will pave the way for a molecular approach to physiology, pathology, and pharmacology courses.
  
  Additional details can be found within the individual module syllabi.
  

For this first-year integrated course, which constitutes a fundamental part of your foundational training in medicine and surgery, in depth knowledge of Chemistry and Physics acquired during the Basic Science Course is recommended. Furthermore, a secondary level education in humanities, science and mathematics subjects is required.

Teaching methods include lectures, discussion and guided independent study. Lectures present key concepts (supports LO.1, LO.2), facilitate interactive discussion of clinical cases and scientific approaches (supports LO.3-4) and are supported by the e-learning platform (supports LO.5). Teaching will include guidance to help you prepare for the exam and throughout you will be presented with references to further readings and other materials to support your development (supports LO.5).

This integrated course is assessed by a single, written, integrated exam. During assessment it will be evaluated how the student has integrated the knowledge acquired in the four modules in which the course is divided as well as the level of achievement of the educational objectives in terms of knowledge and understanding.

Duration: 90 minutes
Structure: Multiple-Choice Question & Open Answer Question examination

• 15 Multiple-Choice Questions. These questions may assess learning across any aspect of the integrated course
• 3 Open Answer Questions. These questions may assess learning across any aspect of the integrated course
• One Open Answer Question to award the “lode” about one aspect of the integrated course
  
  Assessment criteria and Final Grade Calculation
• Multiple-Choice Questions. Each correct answer is worth 1 mark (=1/30); there is no penalty for incorrect or unanswered questions.
• Open Answer Questions. Answers are graded according to the extent to which they are clearly structured and expressed with an appropriate use of terminology (0 – 5 marks/question).
  
  Final Grade and Transcript:
• Your transcript will include one final, overall, grade.
• A passing mark for examination is 18/30
• If you receive a maximum score on all Multiple-Choice and Open Answer Questions (=30/30) you will earn a final grade of 30 “lode” (with honours) if you have answered correctly to the “lode” question.
  
  Additional Guidance: Please note that any observed cases of academic misconduct will lead to 0 marks being awarded.
  

• Nelson DL, Cox MM. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. 7th or 8th ed. New York, NY: W H Freeman; 2021. ISBN-10: 1319381499; ISBN-13: 978-1319381493.
• Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L. Biochemistry. 7th ed. New York, NY: W H Freeman; 2012. ISBN-10: 071676766X; ISBN-13: 978-0716767664.
  Additional materials, including selected scientific articles will be distributed via the KIRO e-learning platform.
  

Al termine del corso, lo studente sarà in grado di:
1. comprendere i punti essenziali di testi orali e scritti su argomenti familiari, di studio e di lavoro, cogliendone le informazioni principali e le idee fondamentali, anche quando presentano un moderato livello di complessità;
2. interagire in modo sufficientemente fluido e spontaneo in situazioni comunicative di carattere quotidiano e accademico, esprimendo opinioni e informazioni in modo chiaro. Sarà inoltre in grado di produrre testi orali e scritti coerenti e comprensibili sugli argomenti trattati, motivando e spiegando il proprio punto di vista.
3. interagire con i pazienti durante il tirocinio professionale in ospedale.

Il corso è finalizzato allo sviluppo delle competenze linguistiche e comunicative necessarie al raggiungimento del livello B1 del Quadro Comune Europeo di Riferimento per le Lingue (QCER). Le attività didattiche privilegiano un approccio comunicativo, con particolare attenzione all'interazione orale, integrate dall'impiego di immagini, materiali autentici e contenuti audiovisivi sottotitolati e non, utili all'ampliamento del lessico e al consolidamento delle competenze di comprensione. Il corso dedica inoltre attenzione agli aspetti interculturali della lingua e della società italiana.
I contenuti comunicativi riguardano le principali situazioni della vita quotidiana e dello studio, consentendo agli studenti di sviluppare la capacità di:

• presentarsi e parlare di sé;
• esprimere gusti, preferenze e opinioni;
• chiedere e fornire informazioni per orientarsi e muoversi in città;
• parlare del tempo libero e delle attività quotidiane;
• descrivere persone, luoghi ed esperienze;
• prendere accordi e organizzare incontri;
• interagire nei negozi e nei principali contesti di servizio;
• chiedere e dare indicazioni stradali.
  Il percorso prevede l'acquisizione del lessico relativo ai principali ambiti della comunicazione quotidiana, con particolare riferimento a saluti e formule di cortesia, espressioni con i verbi essere e avere, numeri, espressioni di tempo e frequenza, famiglia, attività quotidiane e del tempo libero, luoghi della città, mezzi di trasporto, cibi e bevande, strumenti musicali, descrizione di persone, luoghi e oggetti, espressioni di quantità e di collocazione nello spazio.
  Dal punto di vista grammaticale saranno affrontate le principali strutture della lingua italiana, tra cui: presente indicativo dei verbi regolari, irregolari e riflessivi; passato prossimo e participio passato dei verbi regolari; imperativo; articoli determinativi e indeterminativi; genere e numero di nomi e aggettivi; preposizioni semplici e articolate; congiunzioni coordinanti; aggettivi possessivi; pronomi diretti e indiretti di terza persona; costruzioni con piacere e c'è/ci sono.
  Il corso prevede infine un'introduzione ai principali elementi dell'italiano medico, con l'acquisizione del lessico di base e delle espressioni più ricorrenti in contesti accademici e professionali.
  

Nessun prerequisito

Lezioni interattive (metodo comunicativo), con tracce audio, video e relativi esercizi, conversazioni.

• Esame scritto intermedio (mid-term)
  Al termine del primo semestre è prevista una prova scritta obbligatoria. Il superamento di tale prova costituisce requisito necessario per poter accedere alla prova orale finale.
  La prova scritta comprenderà esercizi di lessico, comprensione del testo e domande a risposta aperta. La valutazione della prova sarà espressa in trentesimi.
• Esame finale – prova orale
  Al termine del corso è prevista una prova orale finalizzata alla verifica delle competenze linguistiche acquisite durante l’intero percorso formativo. Anche la valutazione della prova orale sarà espressa in trentesimi.
  Valutazione finale
  Il voto finale sarà determinato dalla media aritmetica dei risultati conseguiti nelle due prove (prova scritta intermedia e prova orale finale), entrambi espressi in trentesimi.
  Tuttavia, il risultato finale non sarà registrato in carriera con un voto numerico, ma sarà espresso esclusivamente come idoneità/non idoneità. L’idoneità sarà attribuita agli studenti che avranno conseguito una valutazione finale complessiva sufficiente.
  

• Primo Contatto
  Corso di Lingua italiana per stranieri Livello A1
  Bozzone Costa R., Fumagalli L., Rota D. Loescher Editore
• GP – Grammatica pratica della lingua italiana – Marco Mezzadri - A1 - C1 For English Speakers
  Bonacci Editore
• Andiamo!
  Corso di italiano multilivello per immigrati adulti A2-B1
  Elisabetta Aloisi, Anna Bertelli, Nadia Fiamenghi, Elena Scaramelli
  Loescher editore
  
  

At the successful conclusion of this course, you should be able to demonstrate the following Course Level Learning Outcomes (CLOs):

CLO.1 Knowledge & Understanding
You will acquire knowledge of:

• the main concepts of hygiene, preventive medicine, and public health, and their application in medicine and surgery.
• the biological, psychological, behavioural, social, economic, and environmental determinants of health and their role in population health
  
  CLO.2 Application of Knowledge
  You will be able to:
• apply knowledge of health determinants, levels of prevention, and health promotion to interpret case-based scenarios.
• identify appropriate approaches to the prevention and control of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
  
  CLO.3 Autonomy of Judgement
  You will be able to:
• Interpret the interaction of multiple determinants of health to draw conclusions about population health and health inequalities.
• evaluate public health scenarios to select the most appropriate preventive or health-promoting interventions.
  
  CLO.5 Learning Skills
  You will be able to:
• demonstrate responsibility for independent study by integrating lectures, case studies, readings, and teaching materials to consolidate knowledge and prepare effectively for assessments.
  
  This Integrated Course contributes to the achievement of Programme Level Learning Outcomes (PLOs) for the “Harvey” degree programme in Medicine and Surgery.
  

This course introduces the key basic concepts of hygiene, preventive medicine, and public health, with particular reference to their application in medicine and surgery. It aims to provide students with a general understanding of health and its determinants, as well as the major global health challenges of the 21st century. Teaching focuses on contemporary evidence concerning the biological, psychological, behavioural, social, economic, and environmental determinants of health, and their interactions across different phases of the lifespan. Topics include levels of prevention, health promotion and education, the prevention and control of communicable and non-communicable diseases, and the foundations of global health.

This first-year integrated course, which constitutes a fundamental part of your foundational training in medicine and surgery, presupposes a secondary level education in humanities, science and mathematics subjects.

Teaching methods include lectures, guided discussion, and structured independent study. Lectures present key concepts in hygiene, preventive medicine, and public health (supporting CLO.1 and CLO.2) and use case studies to support the application and interpretation of knowledge (supporting CLO.2 and CLO.3). Teaching activities are supported by the e-learning platform, which provides learning materials and guidance to support independent study and exam preparation (supporting CLO.5). Throughout the course, students are directed to further readings and additional learning resources to consolidate knowledge and support their development (supporting CLO.5)

This monodisciplinary course is assessed through a written examination and an optional oral examination.

Duration: 30 minutes
Structure: Multiple-Choice Question examination

• 30 Multiple-Choice Questions (5 choices with 1 correct answer)
  
  Assessment criteria and Final Grade Calculation
• Each correct answer is worth 1 point.
• Each incorrect answer is worth negative 0.2 point (there is no penalty for unanswered question)
• The passing grade is 18/30, while the maximum grade is 30/30
• Those who pass the written test with 27/30 may voluntarily take an oral exam, which could allow them to achieve a maximum score of 30/30 cum laude.
  
  Additional Guidance
   Any detected academic misconduct will result in a zero score for the examination.
  

Suggested readings include:

• Guest, C., Ricciardi, W., Kawachi, I., & Lang, I. (Eds.). (2013). Oxford handbook of public health practice. OUP Oxford.
  
  Additional materials will be distributed via the KIRO e-learning platform.
  

The course is aimed at helping the student to start a new educational phase at University, often far away from home (even within Italy). The Harvey medicine course will offer you everything that is needed to become a very proficient medical doctor over a period of six years. Courses are carefully designed to offer knowledge and practical expertise needed to diagnose and cure patients. However, this curriculum is offered and while course attendance is required, becoming a medical doctor requires you to obtain a vast amount of knowledge, understanding, and practical skills. My course tries to help you get the most out of these six years by discussing what "academic education" implies and how simple techniques can help with notetaking, planning, studying, preparing for exams. Moreover, the course will discuss the scientific writing and professional communication. Being organised and prepared will make the Harvey course more enjoyable and effective. Moreover, as a bonus, being effective will allow you to have more free time to enjoy life in beautiful Italy.

The course will consist of an introduction into essay writing and open question answering. It will touch on the power of good writing and communications skills at the core of any professional job that involves human-to-human interaction and the communication of public healthcare advise. We will also discuss the importance of formality in professional and scientific writing and see examples of the "unwritten rules" the scientific community still adheres to. The course will discuss referencing to various sources of information and discuss the important topic of plagiarism and the use of AI tools at University and during professional life. Throughout the course, many links to online websites, books, articles, and YouTube resources are given to help the student find useful information. The course will also give hints and tips on efficient planning of studying, notetaking, and answering of questions during various forms of examination. Most importantly, the course aims at guiding the student towards obtaining an “academic skillset” which involves the ability to think critically and to live and work in a compassionate and responsible way.

This course requires a good understanding of the English language together with basic reading and writing skills. An interest in academic life, professional communication skills, and methods that allow optimal preparation for studying, exam preparation and effective learning is very helpful.

Frontal teaching, in-class discussion, one practice “exam” session in the computer room, and a written essay as exercise.

A written essay applying what has been discussed during the course.

There will be many links to books, articles, and online resources. All information will be present in slides and made available on KIRO. However, for now, this link might be most informative: https://englist.com/en/what-is-academic-writing/

At the successful conclusion of this module, you should be able to demonstrate the following
module level learning outcomes (MLOs):
 MLO.1. Knowledge & Understanding: You will be able understand the basic structure
and classification of the four main human tissue types and the principles of histological
techniques.
 MLO.2 Application: You will be able to use the light microscope to recognise and
describe tissues and relate structure to function.
 MLO.3 Autonomy of Judgement: You will be able to Interpret microscopic images to
distinguish tissue types based on morphology.
 MLO.4 Communication Skills: You will be able to collaborate with peers during lab
work and use correct histological terminology to describe observations.
MLO.5 Learning Skills: You will be able to reflect on lab learning and prepare for further
study
This elective activity is designed to enhance you understanding of histology from a practice-based
perspective and you are and so contributes to the learning outcomes of the “[506504] -
STRUCTURE OF THE BODY” Integrated Course.

This module aims to provide you with practical experience of laboratory-based work and will
develop your abilities to describe and recognize different histological preparations with the use of
an optical light microscope. Throughout the module you will be divided in smaller discussion groups.
The focus of the module is on guided laboratory work and the analysis of health tissue slides illustrating
the four main human tissue types and you will gain direct experience of the use of the microscope to
describe and identify various types of human tissues based on their distinct cell organization and
morphology, including: epithelium, connective tissue, muscle and nerve tissue.

This optional module presupposes a secondary level education in science and mathematics subjects
and some understanding of the basic elements of biochemistry, cytology and the cell cycle.

This laboratory module provides you with the opportunity to carry out practical exercises (supports
LO. 2, LO.3) in smaller groups, working with peers (LO.4). This module includes the following
teaching methods: explanatory lectures and presentations (LO.1), group-work (LO.4), instructor
guided lab exercises and guidance to prepare for the assessment (LO.5).

Students will be engaged in games and group work to describe and recognise tissue slides, followed by a written report that they would share with their classmates.
Additionally, one or two questions about tissue slides will be included in the written Histology exam.

Recommended texts to support Student learning:

1. Pawlina W. Histology: A Text and Atlas. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;
2015.
2. Young B, O'Dowd G, Woodford P. Wheater's Functional Histology: A Text and Colour
Atlas. 6th ed. London, UK: Elsevier; 2014.
Additional materials, including selected scientific articles will be distributed via the KIRO e-
learning platform.

At the successful conclusion of this course, you should be able to demonstrate the following Course Level learning outcomes:
CLO.1 Knowledge & Understanding
You will acquire knowledge of:

• the structure and organization of cells, organelles, chromatin, and the genome, the processes of cell division and basic molecular genetics, the principles of genetic nomenclature, modes of inheritance, mutations, and chromosomal abnormalities, and the basic concepts behind common molecular biology techniques
• the principles of recurrence risk and carrier probability calculation in family pedigrees, and the main steps of next-generation sequencing (NGS) based molecular diagnosis in clinical genetics.
  CLO.2 Application of Knowledge
  You will be able to:
• recognise and interpret relationships between cellular and molecular structures and their functions, understand basic patterns of inheritance and outcomes in pedigrees, and predict expected results from common molecular and laboratory techniques based on provided information.
• apply theoretical concepts from the Human Genetics course (code 500455) to calculate disease recurrence risks and carrier probabilities by analysing and solving family pedigrees;
• follow the main steps required to analyse genetic data generated by NGS and obtain a molecular diagnosis, by integrating them with pedigree-based risk assessment.
  CLO.3 Autonomy of Judgement
  You will be able to:
• identify correct conclusions from provided genetic, cellular, and molecular information, including patterns of inheritance, cell function, or experimental observations
• evaluate clinical cases by integrating pedigree-based risk assessment and NGS data interpretation to support a molecular diagnosis.
  CLO.4 Communication skills
  You will be able to:
• recognise appropriate terminology and communication modalities used to convey genetic risk, pedigree interpretation, and NGS-based molecular diagnosis to patients, families, and healthcare professionals;
• identify correct and incorrect ways of presenting genetic information in clinical and laboratory contexts;
• interpret simple written or schematic communication of genetic results.
  CLO.5 Learning Skills
  You will be able to:
• organise and integrate learning materials from lectures, readings, laboratory and computer-based activities to consolidate your understanding and prepare for assessments;
• use computational tools independently to analyse pedigree, genetic, and NGS data in clinical case exercises.
  This Integrated Course contributes to the achievement of Programme Level Learning Outcomes (PLOs) for the “Harvey” degree programme in Medicine and Surgery.
  

LIVING MOLECULES is an integrated course and includes four modules:

• “GENERAL BIOLOGY” (3 CFU) and “MOLECULAR GENETICS” (1 CFU)
• “HUMAN GENETICS” (3 CFU) and “LABORATORY OF HUMAN GENETICS” (1 CFU)
  This Integrated Course will provide you with knowledge of the structure and organization of the cell, the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the role of chromatin and the nucleus, and the use of genetic information by the cell. Course contents include intracellular organelles and vesicle trafficking, genome organization, the cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, and recombination. Building on these foundations, the course addresses the basic mechanisms of human genetics, including genetic nomenclature, modes of inheritance, Mendelian and complex diseases, chromosomal abnormalities, mitochondrial inheritance, and multifactorial traits, with particular emphasis on pedigree analysis and the assessment of genetically determined diseases.
  The HUMAN GENETICS and LABORATORY OF HUMAN GENETICS modules also provide practical application of medical genetics. Topics include (i) construction and interpretation of pedigrees for monogenic disorders; (ii) calculation of recurrence risk and carrier probability; (iii) overview of the NGS diagnostic workflow, from variant calling to filtering, annotation, and prioritisation; (iv) hands-on computer-based analysis of clinical cases, including trio analysis and de novo variant identification; and (v) integration of family history and molecular data to formulate a genetic diagnosis.
  This foundation will prepare you for further study in anatomical pathology, laboratory medicine, and practice-based clinical settings, particularly in the interpretation of cellular, genetic mechanisms of disease and in the integration of pedigree and NGS data for molecular diagnosis.
  Additional details can be found within the individual module syllabi.
  

This first-year integrated course, which constitutes a fundamental part of your foundational training in medicine and surgery, presupposes a secondary level education in humanities, science and mathematics subjects.

Teaching methods include lectures, discussion and guided independent study. Lectures present key concepts (supports CLO.1), facilitate interactive discussion of clinical cases and laboratory approaches (supports CLO.2-3) and are supported by the e-learning platform (supports CLO.4). The practice-based lab module will give you direct experience of applying concepts you have learnt in a laboratory setting (supports CLO.3). Active student–instructor interaction is encouraged throughout to enhance understanding and engagement (supports CLO.3). Teaching will include guidance to help you prepare for the exam and throughout you will be presented with references to further readings and other materials to support your development (supports CLO.5).

This integrated course is assessed by two separate written examinations:
(1) Biology and Genetics. This examination assesses learning on the “GENERAL BIOLOGY” and “MOLECULAR GENETICS” modules.
Duration: 60 minutes
Structure: 31 Multiple-Choice Questions. Each correct answer is worth 1 mark; there is no penalty for incorrect or unanswered questions. This examination is worth 50% (15/30) of the overall grade for the integrated course.
(2) Human Genetics. This examination assesses learning on the “HUMAN GENETICS” and “LABORATORY OF HUMAN GENETICS” modules.
Duration: 90 Minutes
Structure: The examination consists of 27 Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs), including two MCQs related to the NGS-based diagnostic workflow covered in the Laboratory of Human Genetics practical sessions. Each correct answer is worth 1 mark. In addition, the assessment for the Laboratory of Human Genetics module requires the resolution of a family pedigree, worth 4 marks, broken down as follows: inheritance model (2 marks), carrier frequency calculation for a family member (1 marks), and recurrence risk calculation for an affected member (1 marks). There is no penalty for incorrect or unanswered questions. This examination is worth 50% (15/30) of the overall grade for the integrated course. Details regarding the exam are provided in the Syllabus of the Human Genetics course.
Final Grade and Transcript:

• Your transcript will include one final, overall, grade out of 30 which represents the weighted arithmetic mean of both examinations.
• You are required to pass each examination to pass the integrated exam and a passing mark for is 18/30
• If you receive a maximum score on both examinations (=31/30) you will earn you a final grade of 30 “lode” (with honours)
  Additional Guidance: Please note that any observed cases of academic misconduct will lead to 0 marks being awarded.
  

Additional details can be found within the individual module syllabi.

Revisione di concetti di matematica di importanza essenziale per un curriculum di Medicina e conoscenza qualitativa di derivate e integrali

Argomenti:

• Trigonometria
• Calcolo vettoriale
• Funzioni
• Logaritmi
• Derivate
• Integrali
  

Conoscenze di matematica a livello di scuola superiore (Algebra, Geometria, Trigonometria)

Lezioni frontali con slides. Feedback in classe. Esami di prova. Tutorati. Apprendimento collaborativo.

Test a scelta multipla. Normalmente il test di Medical Physics include domande che richiedono le conoscenze di Matematica affrontate, per cui il passaggio del test di Medical Physics è sufficiente per ottenere l'idoneità in Matematica.

Tutto il material è disponibile sulla piattaforma di e-learning. Inserti dedicati alla matematica si trovano all'interno del libro di fisica:
A. Bacchetta, D. Scannicchio, "Introduction to Medical Physics"
(https://www.zanichelli.it/ricerca/prodotti/introduction-to-medical-physics)

Training objectives and training results. At the successful conclusion of this course, you should be able to demonstrate the following Course Level learning outcomes (CLOs):
CLO.1 Knowledge & Understanding

• Identify historical developments in medicine and explain evolving concepts of disease, health, and the body.
• Define core statistical and epidemiological concepts, measures, and methods, and describe practical skills in data analysis.
  CLO.2 Application of Knowledge
• Apply historical, statistical, and epidemiological knowledge to interpret medical data and quantify health problems.
• Produce written reports applying analysis and interpretation skills to datasets.
  CLO.3 Autonomy of Judgement
• Identify assumptions and misconceptions in medical thinking and select/justify appropriate statistical and epidemiological methods.
• Critically evaluate studies and interpret statistical outputs while recognizing errors or inconsistencies.
  CLO.4 Communication Skills
• Interpret and present data accurately using graphs, tables, and statistical terminology.
• Communicate analysis clearly in writing and participate professionally in collaborative tasks.
  CLO.5 Learning Skills
• Navigate a structured curriculum integrating lectures, readings, software training, and independent study.
• Apply scientific reasoning and critical reading to connect history, statistics, and epidemiology for understanding disease patterns and appropriate study/analysis methods.
  

Contents. The SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS OF MEDICINE Integrated Course includes 4 lecture-based modules, supported by a dedicated practiced based laboratory module and is structured as follows: • [500445] - HISTORY OF MEDICINE • [501847] - EPIDEMIOLOGY • [502609] - STATISTICS A; [502610] STATISTICS B; [508088] - LABORATORY OF STATISTICS B These interconnected modules, and the supporting laboratory work, aim to provide you with an understanding of the emergence of the historical scientific foundations of medicine and an ability to understand patterns of disease in human populations. This foundation will prepare you for further study in a range of areas in medicine and public health. Additional details can be found within the individual module syllabi.

Prerequisites. This first-year university course, which constitutes a fundamental part of your foundational training in medicine and surgery, presupposes a secondary level education in humanities, science and mathematics subjects.

Teaching methods. Lectures, which present key concepts or practices (supports CLO.1, CLO.2) and are supported by discussion (supports CLO.2-3), guided readings, PC-based sessions, project-based learning and the e-learning platform (supports CLO.5) Lectures are supported by a practice based lab module which will give you direct experience of applying concepts you have learnt (supports CLO.2-3), where you will work together in smaller groups (supports CLO.4) conducting statistical analyses of real medical data, performed using the statistical language “R”. Modules will include guidance to help you prepare for the exam (supports CLO.4, 5) and throughout the course you will be presented with references to further readings and other materials which emphasise the integrated nature of the study of disease (supports CLO.5). The course will also facilitate your engagement with the Historical Museum of the University of Pavia (supports CLO.1, CLO.2).

Learning assessment methods. The “SCIENTIFIC METHODS IN MEDICINE” Integrated Course is assessed by two separate written examinations. Each examination assesses specific modules and contributes to the final course grade as outlined below. 1. Medical Statistics & History of Medicine Examination Weighting: This examination is worth 83% of the overall grade for the Integrated Course (25 marks). Duration: 90 minutes Structure: This examination contains three sections: Section 1.1: History of Medicine (1 CFU) • Weighting: This section is worth 16% of the overall grade for the Integrated Course (5 marks). • Duration: 20 minutes • Structure: 10 scenario-based Multiple-Choice Questions (each question is worth 3 points). There is no negative marking for incorrect or unanswered questions. • Grading scale: 0-30. The passing grade is 18/30 Section 1.2: Epidemiology (1 CFU) • Weighting: This section is worth 16% of the overall grade for the Integrated Course (5 marks). • Duration: 20 minutes • Structure: 6 problem-solving based Multiple-Choice Questions (questions are weighted according to difficulty; the score will be stated between brackets at the beginning of each question). There is no negative marking for incorrect or unanswered questions. • Grading scale: 0-30. The passing grade is 18/30. Section 1.3: Statistics A (1 CFU) + Statistics B (2 CFU) • Weighting: This section is worth 50% of the overall grade for the Integrated Course (15 marks). • Duration: 50 minutes • Structure: 12 problem-solving based Multiple-Choice Questions (questions are weighted according to difficulty; the score will be stated between brackets at the beginning of each question). There is no negative marking for incorrect or unanswered questions. • Grading scale: 0-30. The passing grade is 18/30. 2. Laboratory of Statistics Examination • Weighting: This section is worth 16% of the overall grade for the Integrated Course (5 marks). • Duration: n/a • Structure: This module is assessed by the submission of a written lab report (this involves performing specific data analysis, producing final outputs and an interpretation of result in writing). Reports are assessed based on clarity of aims and background, appropriateness of methods, accuracy of results, quality of interpretation, and overall structure and presentation. • Grading scale: 0-31/30. The passing grade is 18/30. A score of 31 is a grade of 30/30 with honours. Final Grade Calculation: Your transcript will show one final overall grade out of 30, representing the weighted arithmetic mean of both examinations. You must pass each examination, and each section in examination 1, independently (i.e., achieve at least 18 in each) to pass the integrated course exam.The passing grade is 18/30. If you achieve a score of 30 on both examinations, you will be awarded a grade of 30/30 with honours. Additional Guidance: • Any detected academic misconduct will result in a zero score for the examination.

Textbooks. Additional details can be found within the individual module syllabi.

At the successful conclusion of this Integrated Course, you should be able to demonstrate the following course level learning outcomes (CLOs):

CLO.1 Knowledge & Understanding

• Describe the structural organization of the human body, including the skeletal, muscular, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and genitourinary systems.
• Explain the cellular and tissue architecture underlying normal organ function.
• Outline the key stages of human development from gametogenesis to organogenesis, recognizing the basis of normal and abnormal development.
  CLO.2 Application of Knowledge
• Identify anatomical structures, tissues, and cells in diagrams, models, and microscopic images.
• Apply structural and developmental knowledge to interpret normal anatomical relationships and basic clinical or functional scenarios.
  CLO.3 Autonomy of Judgement
• Distinguish normal from abnormal or variant structures using descriptive or visual information.
• Select the most appropriate anatomical or embryological explanation for observed features or conditions.
  CLO.5 Learning Skills
• Demonstrate responsibility for independent study and preparation by navigating a structured curriculum integrating lectures, readings, lab training, and independent study to support understanding of the interconnectedness of anatomy and tissue structure.
• Recognize the educational value of laboratory work in developing spatial and structural awareness.
  

This Integrated Course contains a series of interconnected modules (HUMAN ANATOMY A and B; TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY; CYTOLOGY; HISTOLOGY; EMBRYOLOGY), supported by the 1-CFU “LABORATORY OF TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY” lab-based module, and aims to provide you with a foundational understanding of normal human gross and systemic anatomy which, combined with the integrated study of study of cytology, embryology, and histology, will equip you with the foundational knowledge and skills which are fundamental to the practice of clinical medicine. The programme of study is sequenced as follows, from Semester 1 (HUMAN ANATOMY A; TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY; CYTOLOGY; HISTOLOGY; EMBRYOLOGY) to Semester 2 (HUMAN ANATOMY B) with Laboratory sessions , where you will work in smaller groups, being held over the academic year.

Additional details can be found within the individual module syllabi.

The programme also offers an additional, optional, lab-based module (the 1-CFU “[508089] LABORATORY OF HISTOLOGY (LAB)”. This elective activity is designed to enhance you understanding of histology from a practice-based perspective and you are encouraged to attend.

This first-year university course is a fundamental part of your foundational training in medicine and surgery and presupposes a secondary level education in science and mathematics subjects including a general knowledge of cell biology. As indicated in the degree programme regulations, successful completion of this course is a prerequisite for admission to Year-two integrated courses such as “[506512] FUNCTIONS OF THE BODY” (20 CFU).

Teaching methods include lectures, discussion, guided independent study and laboratory work. Lectures present key concepts (supports CLO.1, CLO.2) and include interactive discussion of clinical areas and research themes (supports CLO.2-3). The lectures are supported by the lab-based module, where you will work together in smaller groups (supports CLO.5) and gain direct experience of applying concepts you have learnt in a laboratory setting (supports CLO.2-3). Teaching will include guidance to help you prepare for the exam (supports CLO.5) and throughout you will be presented with references to further readings and other materials on the e-learning platform to support your development (supports CLO.5).

Teaching on this course is enhanced by our visiting Professors, international experts, who will provide seminars on clinical and research areas (CLO.3)

The “STRUCTURE OF THE BODY” integrated course is assessed by three separate written Multiple-Choice examinations. Each examination assesses specific modules and contributes to the final course grade as outlined below.

NOTE. You may elect to take all three examinations in one sitting.

ANATOMY:
1. ANATOMY A examination

• Weighting: This examination is worth 33% of the overall grade for the Integrated Course (10 marks out of 30) and
• Duration: 45 minutes
• Structure: 30 Multiple-Choice Questions (each question is worth 1 point) assessing learning on the 6 CFU “[504899] - HUMAN ANATOMY A” module.
• Grading scale: 0-30. The passing grade is 18/30.
  
  2. ANATOMY B examination
• Weighting: This examination is worth 42% of the overall grade for the Integrated Course (11.67 marks out of 30).
• Duration: 75 minutes
• Structure: 45 Multiple-Choice Questions
  o 32 Multiple-Choice Questions assessing learning on the 5 CFU “[504900] - HUMAN ANATOMY B” module (each question is worth 0.6 points out of 30).
  o 7 Multiple-Choice Questions assessing learning on the 1 CFU “[500469] - TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY” module (each question is worth 0.6 points out of 30).
  o 7 Multiple-Choice Questions assessing learning on the 1 CFU “[508090] - LAB. OF TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY” module (each question is worth 0.6 points out of 30).
• Grading scale: 0-30. The passing grade is 18/30.
  
  3. CYTOLOGY. HISTOLOGY, EMBRYOLOGY examination
• Weighting: This examination is worth 25% of the overall grade for the Integrated Course (8.33 marks out of 30).
• Duration:45 minutes
• Structure: 30 Multiple-Choice Questions
  o 12 Multiple-Choice Questions (each question is worth 0.6 point) assessing learning on the 2 CFU “500466 CYTOLOGY” module.
  o 12 Multiple-Choice Questions (each question is worth 0.6 point) assessing learning on the 2 CFU “506505 HISTOLOGY” module.
  o 6 Multiple-Choice Questions (each question is worth 0.6 point) assessing learning on the 2 CFU “506506 EMBRYOLOGY” module.
• Grading scale: 0-30. The passing grade is 18/30
  
  Assessment Criteria: There is no negative marking for incorrect or unanswered questions.
  
  Final Grade and Transcript: Your transcript will include one final, overall, grade out of 30 which represents the weighted arithmetic mean of all 3 of the examinations:
  e.g., if you achieve a grade of 25/30 in Human Anatomy A (=8.3 of the total marks), 23/30 in Human Anatomy B (=8.9) and 30/30 (=8.3) in Cyto/Embryo/Histo your overall grade will be 26/30. Anatomy score weights 75%, Cyto/Embryo/Histo score weights 25%.
  You are required to pass each examination (i.e. achieve a minimum of 18) in order to pass this course. If you achieve a maximum score in all three exams (i.e. 30/30), you will receive a grade of 30 “lode” (with honours).
  
  Additional Guidance: Please note that any observed cases of academic misconduct will lead to 0 marks being awarded.
  

These recommended texts will support your learning across all modules:
Anatomy:
a. Anastasi G, et al. Human Anatomy – Splanchnology. Edi.Ermes
b. Drake R. Gray’s Anatomy for Students, 4th edition. Elsevier; 2019
c. Dalley AF & Agur AMR. Moore’s Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 9th edition, Wolters Kluwer;2022
d. Gilroy AM et al. Anatomy - An Essential Textbook, 3rd edition. Thieme; 2021
e. Netter FH. Atlas of Human Anatomy, 8th Edition. Elsevier; 2023
f. Anastasi G, et al. Human Anatomy Atlas. Edi.Ermes
Acland’s Video Atlas of Human Anatomy. Available at: https://aclandanatomy.com.
Clinical Anatomy. Available at: https://www.clinicalanatomy.ca.

Histology and Embryology
Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 7th ed. New York, NY: Garland Science; 2022.
Moore KL, Persaud TVN, Torchia MG. The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2019.
Histology Guide. Available at: https://www.histologyguide.org. Accessed October 2025.
Pawlina W. Histology: A Text and Atlas. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2015.
Young B, O’Dowd G, Woodford P. Wheater’s Functional Histology: A Text and Colour Atlas. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2013.

Neuroanatomy
Crossman AR, Neary D. Neuroanatomy: An Illustrated Colour Text. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019.
Krebs C, Weinberg RJ, Akesson E, et al. Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Neuroscience. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer; 2017.
Splittgerber R. Snell’s Clinical Neuroanatomy. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer; 2019.
Waxman SG. Clinical Neuroanatomy. 29th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2020.
Neuroanatomy.ca. Available at: https://www.neuroanatomy.ca.
Neurosurgery 3D. Available at: https://www.neurosurgery3d.co.
The Neurosurgical Atlas. Available at: https://www.neurosurgicalatlas.com.

Additional materials, including selected scientific articles will be distributed via the KIRO e-learning platform

Lo studente apprendera nozioni relative alle varie forme di disabilita fisiche e psichiche e alle modalita con cui rapportarsi con i pazienti con disabilita

• Classificazioni internaizonali sulla disabilita
• Legislazione sulla disabilita
• Strutture residenziali
• Ausili
• Comunicare con persone con disabilita
• Casi clinici
  

Nessuno

Lezioni frontali, discussioni di casi clinici

Al termine delle lezioni agli studenti verra richiesto di discutere un breve caso clinico

Il materiale delle lezioni verra fornito direttamente dal docente e caricato sulla piattaforma Kiro

The course aims to introduce students to ultrasound as a diagnostic and anatomical tool. At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Understand fundamental ultrasound principles: probe handling, knobology, image optimization.
2. Identify key structures of the Head and Neck: carotid artery, thyroid, trachea, esophagus.
3. Recognize organs and major vessels of the Upper Abdomen: liver, spleen, IVC, abdominal aorta (celiac trunk, SMA, bifurcation).
4. Visualize Urinary system: kidneys and bladder, including basic measurements

Introduction to ultrasound physics and scanning technique Head & Neck ultrasound anatomy Upper abdominal ultrasound anatomy Renal and urinary bladder ultrasound anatomy Practical hands-on sessions on living models

Basic knowledge of first-year Human Anatomy. No prior ultrasound experience required.

Blended learning approach: Flipped-classroom introduction Online pre-learning module and quiz (knobology & physics) Frontal lectures on sonoanatomy Small-group hands-on scanning laboratory Interactive peer-to-peer learning with instructor supervision

Continuous assessment during practical sessions:
Correct probe handling
Proper acquisition of scanning planes
Correct anatomical identification
Final written exam on acquired skills and ultrasound anatomy
Mandatory completion of online quizzes and surveys

Recommended reference:
Block B. Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy – Thieme, 3rd Edition
Block B. Abdominal Ultrasound: Step by Step - Thieme, 2nd edition
Supplementary resources provided on KIRO:
Video tutorials
Anatomy review material
Scanning protocols

Competenza pratica in suture e nodi chirurgici. Saper gestire le ferite superficiali cutanee. Coordinamento occhio-mano; bimanualità; conoscenza d'uso strumentario chirurgico personale.

Scaricare video-tutorials prima del corso pratico. Il corso consiste in 90 minuti di esercitazione con simulatori presso il Laboratorio di Simulazione Clinica del Campus della Salute.

Conoscenze preliminari di biologia(Primo semestre di corso)

Video di tutorial. Presenza di Docente responsabile e/o di tutors durante l'esercitazione con simulatori presso il Laboratorio di Simulazione Clinica del Campus della Salute.

Discussione di gruppo e compilazione di questionario di autovalutazione anonimo.

Nessuno

At the successful conclusion of this Integrated Course, you should be able to demonstrate the following Course level Learning Outcomes (CLOs):

• CLO.1 Knowledge and Understanding: Demonstrate an integrated understanding of disease biology, including immune, pathological, and physiological mechanisms, and how internal and external factors lead to dysfunction.
• CLO.2 Ability to Apply Knowledge and Understanding: Apply pathology, pathophysiology, and immunology concepts to explain disease processes, interpret clinical and laboratory data, and use relevant practical skills.
• CLO.3 Autonomy of Judgement: Critically evaluate interconnected immune, pathological, and physiological responses, identifying common mechanisms across diseases.
• CLO.4 Communication Skills: Communicate disease biology effectively in oral and written formats using scientific terminology and engage professionally in collaborative settings.
• CLO.5 Learning Skills: Integrate cross-disciplinary knowledge through lectures, practicals, and online resources to connect basic science with clinical reasoning. This Integrated Course contributes to the achievement of the following Programme level Learning Outcomes (PLOs) for the “Harvey” degree programme in Medicine and Surgery:
• CLO.1 aligns with the Knowledge and Understanding PLO by covering cellular, molecular, and systemic mechanisms of health and disease.
• CLO.2 aligns with the Ability to Apply Knowledge and Understanding PLO through application of pathology, pathophysiology, and immunology to interpret lab and case data.
• CLO.3 aligns with the Autonomy of Judgment PLO by developing critical evaluation skills of complex disease mechanisms and informed decision-making.
• CLO.4 aligns with the Communication Skills PLO by practicing clear oral and written presentation of disease biology and engaging in professional discussions.
• CLO.5 aligns with the Learning Skills PLO by fostering navigation of structured and independent learning, integration of cross-disciplinary knowledge, and preparation for lifelong self-directed learning. For further information see the Programme Site URL: https://medicineandsurgeryharvey.cdl.unipv.it/en/course/course-objectives
  

This Integrated Course includes two lecture-based modules supported by dedicated practice-based laboratory modules and is structured as follows:

• Immunology: Learning on the 4-CFU “IMMUNOLOGY” module is supported by the 1-CFU “LABORATORY OF IMMUNOLOGY A” module.
• Pathology: Learning on the 5-CFU “GENERAL PATHOLOGY” module is supported by the 1-CFU “LABORATORY OF GENERAL PATHOLOGY A” and the 1-CFU “LABORATORY HISTOPATHOLOGY” module. Learning on the 2-CFU “GENERAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY” module includes frontal lectures, with clinical cases and pen-and-paper exercises. These two interconnected modules, and the supporting laboratory work, aim to provide you with the basic elements of pathology as a discipline, guiding you through an analysis of the cells, molecules and mechanisms that are shared by all human disease. This foundation will prepare you for further study in anatomical pathology, laboratory medicine and for the practice-based clinics. Additional details can be found within the individual module syllabi.
  

Although there are no formal prerequisites, as outlined in the propaedeutic requirements in the degree programme regulations, this integrated course is also designed to build upon the learning outcomes achieved in the following integrated courses:

• BASIC SCIENCE (10 CFU),
• BIOCHEMISTRY (13 CFU),
• LIVING MOLECULES (6 CFU),
• STRUCTURE OF THE BODY (20 CFU).
  As such, this second-year course presupposes understanding of the following:
• Basic concepts in biology and biochemistry, such as the structure of the cell and cellular organelles (nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, lysosomes), cell replication (mitosis and meiosis), the major intracellular signalling pathways and metabolic pathways (glycolysis, lipolysis, amino acid synthesis) and the structure of the cytoskeleton.
• Basic concepts in chemistry, such as the concept of a buffer.
• Basic concepts in histology, including the various cell types of blood (lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, red blood cells) and the different types of tissues (skin, heart, vessels, striated and smooth muscle, bone marrow, bone, blood, tissues of the digestive tract, liver, pancreas).
• Basic concepts in genetics, including the concept of DNA replication and point mutation.
• Basic concepts in physiology, including the cardiac, respiratory, digestive, urinary functions and their regulatory systems.
  

Teaching methods include lectures, discussion, guided independent study and laboratory practicals. Lectures present key concepts (supports CLO.1, CLO.2) and include interactive discussion of clinical cases (supports CLO.2-3), guided readings and the e-learning platform (supports CLO.5). The lectures are supported by the practice-based modules (laboratories), where you will work together in smaller groups (supports CLO.4) and gain direct experience of applying concepts you have learnt in a laboratory setting (supports CLO.2-3). Teaching will include guidance to help you prepare for the exam (supports CLO.4) and throughout you will be presented with references to further readings and other materials to support your development (supports CLO.5).

The “BIOLOGY OF DISEASE” integrated course is assessed by two separate written examinations:
1. Immunology
2. Pathology
+ Question for the "lode".

Each examination assesses specific sets of modules and contributes to the final course grade as outlined below.
NOTE. You may elect to take both examinations in one sitting.

Structure of the single examination parts:

1. Immunology Examination
Weight: 11 marks (37% of the overall course grade: over 30 marks).
Duration: 60 minutes.
Structure:

• 9 Multiple-Choice Questions, each worth 0.5 marks (total 4.5 marks) and 3 Short Answer Questions (c. half a page), each worth 1.5 marks (total 4.5 marks), assessing the 4-CFU Immunology module (total: 9 marks).
• 4 Multiple Choice Questions, each worth 0.5 marks assessing the 1-CFU Laboratory of Immunology A module (total 2 marks).
  Passing mark for examination 1: 7/11 (equivalent to 18 out of 30).
  
  2. Pathology Examination
  Weight: 19 marks (63% of the overall course grade)
  Duration: 90 minutes.
  Structure:
• 22 Multiple Choice Questions, each worth 0.5 marks, assessing the 5-CFU General Pathology module (total: 11 marks);
• 1 open question and 1 exercise: worth 2 marks each, assessing the 2-CFU General Pathophysiology module (total: 4 marks);
• 4 Multiple Choice Questions (each worth 0.3 marks) + 2 exercises (each worth 0.4 marks) assessing the 1-CFU Laboratory of General Pathology A module (total: 2 marks);
• 2 Short Answer Questions (each worth 1 mark), assessing the 1-CFU Laboratory Histopathology module, based on the comment of a histological preparation, where, typically, both the normal and pathological counterparts are provided (total: 2 marks).
• Passing mark for examination 2: 11/19 (equivalent to 18 out of 30).
  
  3. Short Answer Question for the “lode”
  Weight: 2 marks on top of the 30.
  This question assesses your ability to connect interdisciplinary knowledge throughout all the modules of the integrated course. This question will be graded only for students who correctly answer all the Immunology and Pathology questions and reach a total score of 30 points. Students who meet these criteria and answer the Short Answer Question correctly will receive Honors (Lode). The topic of the Short Answer Question will be selected randomly from the material covered during the course, and it may change with each exam session.
  
  Final Grade Calculation: The final grade is calculated on a 30-mark scale by combining scores from both examinations:
  Immunology Examination: 11 marks.
  Pathology Examination: 19 marks.
  
• Your transcript will show one final overall grade out of 30, representing the sum of both examinations: for example, a grade of 18 in the Immunology exam corresponds to 7 marks, a grade of 18 in the Pathology exam corresponds to 11 marks giving a combined total of 18 (=7+11).
  
• You must pass each examination independently (i.e., achieve at least 18 in each) to pass the integrated course exam. Achieving a score of 30 and answering the short answer question for the “Lode” correctly will earn you a final grade of 30 “e lode” (with honours).
  
  Assessment criteria:
• Multiple-Choice Questions: There is no negative marking for incorrect or unanswered questions.
• Short Answer Questions: Answers (corresponding to about half an A4 page/each) are graded according to the extent to which they are clearly expressed with an appropriate use of terminology and are logically structured.
• Exercises: answers are graded according to the correctness of the procedure and the result obtained.
  
  Additional Guidance: Any detected academic misconduct will result in a zero score for the examination.
  

Additional details can be found within the individual module syllabi.

At the successful conclusion of this Integrated Course, you should be able to demonstrate the following course level learning outcomes (CLOs):
CLO.1. Knowledge & Understanding: You will be able to demonstrate an understanding of how ethical principles and communication strategies intersect to shape healthcare decisions at individual, community and population levels.
CLO.2. Ability to Apply Knowledge and Understanding: You will be able to apply integrated ethical and communication frameworks to analyse clinical and public health challenges.
CLO.3. Autonomy of Judgement: You will be able to make informed judgments that consider ethical complexity, communication dynamics, and the balance between personal and collective health needs.
CLO.4. Communication Skills: You will be able to communicate clearly, empathetically and ethically recognising how effective communication supports ethical practice in both clinical and public settings.
CLO.5. Learning Skills: You will be able to reflect on how learning across ethics and communication informs professional identity.
This Integrated Course contributes to the achievement of the following Programme level Learning Outcomes (PLOs) for the “Harvey” degree programme in Medicine and Surgery:
CLO.1 aligns with the Knowledge and Understanding PLO, focusing on ethical, communication, and biomedical foundations.
CLO.2 aligns with the Ability to Apply Knowledge and Understanding PLO, emphasizing practical application in clinical/public health contexts.
CLO.3 aligns with the Autonomy of Judgment PLO, underlining critical ethical decision-making and professional responsibility.
CLO.4 aligns with the Communication Skills PLO, focusing on clear, empathetic, and effective communication.
CLO.5 aligns with the Learning Skills PLO, focusing on reflective learning and professional growth.
For further information see the Programme Site URL: https://medicineandsurgeryharvey.cdl.unipv.it/en/course/course-objectives

“Bioethics, as a discipline, helps health care professionals identify and respond to moral dilemmas in their work. The contexts out of which bioethics emerged—medical care and human research— were oriented toward a different set of concerns than those typically arising in public health. While the founders of bioethics articulated principles equally relevant for public health, the more specific action guides and codes of health care ethics that have followed are an imperfect fit for public health. Codes of medical and research ethics generally give high priority to individual autonomy, a priority that cannot be assumed to be appropriate for public health practice.” (Kass NE. An ethics framework for public health. Am J Public Health. 2001 Nov;91(11):1776-82. doi: 10.2105/ajph.91.11.1776. PMID: 11684600; PMCID: PMC1446875).
The “Ethics and Society” integrated course includes 4 related modules:
[511624] - ETHICS AND MEDICINE (2 CFU)
[501927] - BIOETHICS (2 CFU)
[506511] - PATIENT AND DOCTOR RELATIONSHIP (1 CFU)
[506510] - THE PUBLIC STRUCTURE OF HEALTH (FORENSIC MEDICINE) (2 CFU)
Beginning with the “PATIENT AND DOCTOR RELATIONSHIP”, which focuses on the practice of communication strategies and skills at an individual level, these three interconnected modules introduce and engage students with key ethical theories, practices and contexts, from the primarily clinical and individual context of medical ethics and bioethics, in the modules “ETHICS AND MEDICINE" and "BIOETHICS”, to the ethical dimensions of health at a population level, with the “THE PUBLIC STRUCTURE OF HEALTH (FORENSIC MEDICINE)” module. Additional details can be found within the individual module syllabi.

This integrated course is designed to build upon the learning outcomes achieved in the “510124 - DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH” and “500445 - HISTORY OF MEDICINE” Year 1 teaching. As such, this second year University course presupposes the following requirements: a year of university level experience in a relevant subject and prior reading of general philosophy, ethics, or related areas, the history of medicine and social science approaches to societal disparities and inequality.

Teaching methods include lectures, discussion, guided independent study and laboratorary practicals. Lectures present key concepts (supports CLO.1, CLO.2), interactive discussion of clinical cases (supports CLO.2-3), guided readings and the e-learning platform (supports CLO.5). The lectures are supported by the practice-based modules, where you will work together in smaller groups (supports CLO.4) and gain direct experience of applying concepts you have learnt in a laboratory setting (supports CLO.2-3). Teaching will include guidance to help you prepare for the exam (supports CLO.4) and throughout you will be presented with references to further readings and other materials to support your development (supports CLO.5).

The Ethics and Society integrated course is assessed by a written examination including the 4 main modules of the course. You are required to pass each section to pass the integrated exam.

Additional details can be found within the individual module syllabi.

Al termine con successo di questo corso integrato, lo studente sarà in grado di dimostrare i seguenti risultati di apprendimento (CLO): • CLO.1 Conoscenza e comprensione: Acquisirai una comprensione approfondita dei principi fisiologici a livello molecolare, cellulare, tissutale, degli organi e dei sistemi, inclusi i sistemi endocrino, nervoso, cardiovascolare, muscolare, renale, gastrointestinale e cellulare. Imparerai come questi sistemi interagiscono per mantenere l’omeostasi e come la loro disfunzione porta a malattia. • CLO.2 Capacità di applicare conoscenza e comprensione: Saprai applicare concetti fisiologici per spiegare processi normali e patologici, analizzare meccanismi regolatori e interpretare dati fisiologici da vari sistemi d’organo, utili per la risoluzione di problemi clinici e di ricerca. • CLO.3 Autonomia di giudizio: Svilupperai capacità critiche per integrare informazioni fisiologiche complesse, valutare risultati sperimentali e clinici, e formulare giudizi informati sulle funzioni e disfunzioni fisiologiche. • CLO.4 Abilità comunicative: Saprai comunicare in modo efficace concetti e risultati fisiologici, utilizzando linguaggio scientifico appropriato e ragionamento basato su evidenze. • CLO.5 Capacità di apprendimento: Coltiverai capacità di apprendimento autonomo, utilizzando libri di testo, lezioni e letteratura scientifica per ampliare e aggiornare continuamente le tue conoscenze in fisiologia. • CLO.1 → PLO Conoscenza e comprensione (fondamenti fisiologici e biomedici) • CLO.2 → PLO Applicazione della conoscenza in ambito clinico/ricerca • CLO.3 → PLO Autonomia di giudizio (decisione critica e informata) • CLO.4 → PLO Abilità comunicative (comunicazione scientifica chiara) • CLO.5 → PLO Capacità di apprendimento autonomo e continuo

Il corso è suddiviso in moduli interconnessi: • Fisiologia cardiovascolare • Fisiologia cellulare • Fisiologia endocrina • Fisiologia gastroenterologica • Fisiologia renale • Fisiologia muscolare • Fisiologia del sistema nervoso • Fisiologia respiratoria • + Laboratorio di fisiologia (1 CFU) L’obiettivo è fornire comprensione dei fenomeni molecolari, cellulari, tissutali e d’organo che sostengono le funzioni vitali, e delle relazioni tra fisiologia e patologia, fondamentali per la medicina clinica.

Come indicato nel regolamento del corso di laurea, per l’accesso a questo Insegnamento Integrato è necessario aver superato i seguenti insegnamenti integrati del primo anno: “BIOCHEMISTRY” (13 CFU) and “STRUCTURE OF THE BODY” (20 CFU). Questo insegnamento integrato si basa inoltre sui risultati di apprendimento raggiunti nei corsi integrati di primo anno: “BASIC SCIENCE” (10CFU) and “LIVING MOLECULES” (6 CFU). È pertanto richiesto di possedere conoscenze pregresse, in particolare su: approccio biofisico alla funzione di tessuti e organi; codice genetico, sua trasmissione e mutazioni; funzioni cellulari e struttura di tessuti e organi; struttura degli organi e anatomia funzionale; vie metaboliche, funzione mitocondriale, struttura e sintesi delle proteine e loro degradazione.

• Lezioni frontali, discussioni, studio guidato indipendente, esercitazioni di laboratorio. • Discussione di casi clinici interattivi. • Studio su piattaforma e-learning (KIRO). • Attività di gruppo in piccoli gruppi. • Preparazione all’esame. • Riferimenti a ulteriori materiali e letture.
  

Questo corso integrato è valutato mediante un unico esame orale integrato, strutturato e valutato come segue. Struttura: esame scritto con domande a scelta multipla seguito da un esame orale. • Parte (a): esame scritto di 90 minuti con 80 domande a scelta multipla. Si svolge nel giorno previsto per l'esame. Sebbene i risultati delle domande a scelta multipla non contribuiscano al voto finale del corso, è necessario ottenere un punteggio minimo di 18/30 per poter accedere all'esame orale. • Parte (b): Esame orale. Questo è programmato in base all'ordine di iscrizione dei candidati all'esame, di solito a partire dal giorno successivo all'esame scritto. In genere sono previsti 10-20 studenti al giorno. Calcolo del voto finale: la tua carriera riporterà un voto finale complessivo in 30esimi, che rappresenta il risultato dell'esame orale; il voto minimo per superare l'esame è 18 su 30, mentre il voto massimo è 30 Lode per prestazioni eccezionali. Criteri di valutazione: Parte (a) L'esame a scelta multipla contiene 80 domande: una risposta corretta vale 1 punto, una risposta errata viene penalizzata (con -0,25 punti per ogni risposta errata), una domanda senza risposta vale 0 punti. Il voto minimo per superare l'esame è 48 punti su 80 (equivalente a 18/30). Parte (b) L'esame orale è progettato per valutare la comprensione, l'integrazione e l'applicazione dei concetti fisiologici fondamentali a livello molecolare, cellulare, tissutale e sistemico. Le risposte saranno valutate in base ai seguenti criteri: conoscenza e comprensione; applicazione e integrazione; pensiero critico e risoluzione dei problemi; comunicazione e chiarezza. Questo valuta i risultati di apprendimento 1-5. Ulteriori indicazioni: qualsiasi comportamento scorretto rilevato comporterà un punteggio pari a zero per l'esame.

Uno tra i seguenti testi consigliati: • Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, ultima edizione. • Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14a edizione. • Vander's Human Physiology, ultima edizione. Materiale aggiuntivo e articoli scientifici saranno distribuiti sulla piattaforma KIRO

Il corso mira a fornire ai futuri medici professionisti le capacità di comunicazione necessarie per provvedere alle cure dei pazienti in modo efficace. Saranno presentati agli studenti generi medici e sistemi medici, lessico medico pertinente, uso e funzioni del linguaggio. Il corso inoltre include le fasi principali della comunicazione medica dall'iniziale anamnesi all'esame fisico, studio e diagnosi, oltre a trattamenti medici e chirurgici.
Verranno trattati i rapporti medico-paziente, prendendo in considerazione generi orali e scritti (l'anamnesi di un paziente, la presentazione dei sintomi, tipi di approccio medico-paziente, cartelle cliniche, ecc.).

1^ parte

English for Medicine è un corso basato sulle competenze progettato specificamente per gli studenti di medicina che stanno per intraprendere studi di livello terziario medio inglese. Fornisce una pratica attentamente valutata delle principali competenze accademiche di cui tutti gli studenti hanno bisogno, come ascoltare lezioni e parlare in seminari. Fornisce inoltre agli studenti il vocabolario specialistico di cui hanno bisogno per studiare in una facoltà di medicina. Ampi esercizi di ascolto provengono da lezioni di medicina che, insieme ai testi di lettura, coprono le aree principali degli studi medici.

2^ parte

Nel mondo odierno, il personale sanitario opera spesso in contesti internazionali in cui la lingua di lavoro è l'inglese. Medical English fornisce agli studenti di medicina e ai medici le competenze linguistiche e comunicative, i termini tecnici e le espressioni idiomatiche comuni di cui hanno bisogno per svolgere efficacemente i propri compiti professionali. Scritto da un medico con una notevole esperienza nella comunicazione interculturale e nell'insegnamento dell'inglese tecnico nelle facoltà di medicina, questo libro può essere facilmente compreso da lettori con un livello di competenza B2. Le molteplici sfide che i medici stranieri devono affrontare quando devono comunicare in inglese e/o in un nuovo ambiente culturale vengono affrontate in uno stile chiaro e informale attraverso un approccio narrativo che attinge alla vasta esperienza professionale dell'autore.

B2+ della scala denominata Quadro Comune Europeo di Riferimento per le Lingue

Lezioni Frontali

Parte 1: una presentazione di 5-10 minuti di un argomento medico in formato PowerPoint o PDF, sugli argomenti delle lezioni della professoressa Federica Croce

Parti 2 e 3: Presentazione di un articolo medico a scelta + domande sul contenuto dell'insegnamento supplementare ( corso CEL )

1^ parte: Patrick Fitzgerald, Marie McCullagh, Ros Wright - English for Medicine in Higher Education Studies – 2nd Edition Course Book
2^ parte: Carlo Pesce - Medical English, 2020, Zanichelli Editore

At the successful conclusion of this course, you should be able to demonstrate the following Course Level learning outcomes:

• CLO1. Knowledge & Understanding: You will acquire integrated knowledge of the biochemical and genetic bases of disease and of the principles, methodologies, and clinical applications of laboratory diagnostics in modern medicine.
• CLO2. Application of Knowledge: You will be able to apply biochemical and genetic knowledge to select and interpret laboratory tests, diagnostic data, and variant information in defined clinical scenarios.
• CLO3. Autonomy of Judgement: You will be able to evaluate the clinical relevance, diagnostic performance, and limitations of biochemical and genetic tests, distinguishing meaningful findings from non-significant results.
• CLO4. Learning Skills: You will demonstrate the ability to update your knowledge of laboratory medicine through the use of scientific literature, case examples, and digital learning tools.
  This Integrated Course contributes to the achievement of Programme Level Learning Outcomes (PLOs) for the “Harvey” degree programme in Medicine and Surgery.
  

LABORATORY MEDICINE is an integrated course and includes two modules: learning on the 5-CFU “CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY” module is supported by the 1-CFU “LABORATORY OF CLINICAL GENETICS” practice-based module.
The core module, and the supporting laboratory work, aims to provide you with (a) an understanding of the role of the laboratory in the clinical context of the assessment of health status and patient care and (b), knowledge of the biochemical and molecular tools that are necessary for preventative, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in the areas of hereditary and acquired disorders. This foundation will prepare you for further study in anatomical pathology, laboratory medicine and of the practice-based clinics.

Additional details can be found within the individual module syllabi.

This integrated course is designed to build upon the learning outcomes achieved in the Year-One BASIC SCIENCE, BIOCHEMISTRY, LIVING MOLECULES and STRUCTURE OF THE BODY Integrated Courses. As such, this second-year course presupposes understanding of the following: general biology, human genetics, human anatomy and human physiology; structure and function of DNA and RNA; protein synthesis; DNA mutations; structure, function and organization of chromosomes; mitosis and meiosis; basic elements of statistics; nucleic acid chemistry; protein chemistry; an ability to use websites for scientific bibliographic research (e.g. PubMed, OMIM).

Teaching methods include lectures, discussion and guided independent study. Lectures present key concepts (supports LO.1, LO.2), facilitate interactive discussion of clinical cases and laboratory approaches (supports LO.2-3) and are supported by the e-learning platform (supports LO.4). The practice-based lab module will give you direct experience of applying concepts you have learnt in a laboratory setting (supports LO.2-3). Teaching will include guidance to help you prepare for the exam and throughout you will be presented with references to further readings and other materials to support your development (supports LO.4).

This integrated course is assessed by a single written integrated exam. The numbers of questions are proportionate to the distribution of CFU between the two modules.

Duration: 35 minutes
Structure: Multiple-Choice Question examination
 33 Multiple-Choice Questions, each worth 1 mark. These questions assess learning across the integrated course, reflecting the topics covered in the CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY and LABORATORY OF CLINICAL GENETICS lectures.

Assessment criteria and Final Grade Calculation
 Each correct answer is worth 1 mark
 There is no penalty for incorrect or unanswered questions
 A passing mark for examination is 18/33 (=18 correct answers)
 Each question may be weighted based on the overall score, which could be adjusted according to general performance.

Additional Guidance
 Any detected academic misconduct will result in a zero score for the examination.

Additional details can be found within the individual module syllabi.

Acquisire le conoscenze necessarie per capire gli sviluppi scientifici più recenti e più importanti nei campi della medicina rigenerativa e della immunoterapia dei tumori.

1. Sviluppo delle cellule immunitarie
2. Componenti del microambiente tumorale
3. Immunociti CAR
4. Blocco del checkpoint immunitario e tumore caldo/freddo
5. Tecnologia delle cellule staminali
6. Progresso della tecnologia degli organoidi e sua applicazione nella ricerca sul cancro
7. Ingegneria delle cellule immunitarie


1. Tecnologia delle cellule staminali
2a. Cellule staminali e malattie degenerative
2b. Ingegneria delle cellule epiteliali, nervose e muscolari.
3a. Cellule staminali e tumori (il microambiente tumorale, checkpoint immunitari, tecnologia degli organoidi e sue applicazioni)
3b. CAR-immunocitiIngegneria delle cellule immunitarie
3c. Ingegneria delle cellule immunitarie.

Moduli di Embriologia, Istologia e Anatomia (corso integrato ‘Structure of the Body’), moduli di Genetica e Biochimica (corso integrato ‘Living Molecules’) e modulo di Immunologia (corso integrato ‘Biology of Disease’).

Lezioni

Esame scritto.

Cancer Immunotherapy Principles and Practice Textbook, 2nd Ed.
https://www.sitcancer.org/research/sitc-immunotherapy-books/cancer-immunotherapy-principles-practice