Biotech Engineering For Health

The goal of this course is to provide the student with the basic tools of linear algebra and analytic geometry. At the end of the course the student will be able to abstract and generalize geometric results in dimension 2 and 3 to arbitrary dimension. In particular, they will be able to solve systems of linear equations and to understand the behaviour of such solutions. Moreover, the student will be able to work with vectors and matrices, and apply them to represent transformations in the space such as rotations and reflections. Finally, they will learn the meaning and the method of matrix diagonalization. This course is part of the foundational educational activities of the degree program and contributes to equipping students with essential knowledge for the formalization, analysis, and modeling of phenomena and processes, grounded in the scientific and methodological principles that underpin biotechnology and information engineering.

Fields of real and complex numbers. Properties and representations of complex numbers. Vector spaces. Linear maps between vector spaces. Linear subspaces and operations between subspaces. Linear independence of vectors, basis and dimension of a vector space. Matrices, rank and determinant. Representing linear maps with matrices. Solving systems of linear equations. Euclidean spaces: scalar products, distances and norms. Orthogonal matrices. Affine spaces. Analytic geometry: lines and planes in the 3-dimensional space. Eigenvalues, eigenspaces and diagonalization of a matrix.

Basics on numerical sets and on algebraic operations on numbers. Basics on Euclidean and analytic Geometry. Basics on Elementary Logics.

In-class lectures and and interactive exercise sessions to promote active student engagement. Homework assignments are provided to support and guide individual study. Additional learning materials and sample exam questions are shared online to facilitate independent preparation.

Written and oral tests. The written test is based on the solution of exercises. In particular the written test is composed of two parts: the part AB consists of 2 exercises on the first part of the program (prerequisites, complex numbers, linear and affine spaces, orthogonality). The second part of the written test is composed of 2 exercises on the remaining part of the program, i.e. on linear functions and diagonalization. The estimated time to complete the written test is 2 hours. The oral test (to which one can be admitted only if the written test is sufficient and the output of the written test is: Admitted or not Admitted/to the oral exam) will examine the theoretical basis which determine the methods for the solution of problems. Usually, the starting point for the oral test is given by the mistakes done in the written test.

Any standard textbook on linear algebra, such as: - Linear Algebra: A Course for Physicists and Engineers (Arak M. Mathai, Hans J. Haubold, De Gruyter Textbook) - Introduction to Linear Algebra for Science and Engineering (2nd Edition, Daniel Norman, Dan Wolczuk, Pearson Education); Linear Algebra: A First Course with Applications to Differential Equations, T. Apostol,
Wiley-Interscience

This is an integrated course consisting of two modules, titled General Biology and Histology and Anatomy. It provides essential biological knowledge for understanding the structure and function of macromolecules, cells, and tissues, with a focus on molecular, genetic, and physiological processes. Students gain the tools to analyze biological systems in both normal and pathological conditions, supporting their ability to engage with biotechnological and biomedical challenges. The General Biology module aims to provide students with a solid foundation in cell biology and genetics. By course end, students will distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, classify major macromolecules, and analyze eukaryotic cell structures and functions. They will understand membrane transport, signal transduction, the cytoskeleton’s role, and cellular compartment integration. Students will grasp genetic information flow, mitochondrial energy metabolism, and key cell cycle phases, applying this to gametogenesis and fertilization. They will apply classical genetics to human heredity, interpret karyotypes, identify chromosomal abnormalities, and evaluate genetic mutation impacts. By the end of the course, students will develop: 1) Applying knowledge and understanding: Students will apply theoretical knowledge to interpret basic data, solve problems in cell biology and genetics, and integrate molecular processes into physiological and biotechnological contexts. 2) Making judgements: Students will develop critical thinking to evaluate structure-function relationships, assess cellular dysfunctions, and interpret genetic variations in health and disease. 3) Communication skills: Students will use appropriate scientific terminology to communicate effectively in academic, research, and professional environments. 4) Learning skills: Students will acquire autonomous learning abilities and methodological tools to deepen their understanding in advanced biomedical and biotechnological studies. The educational objectives of the Histology and Anatomy module are to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the structural organization of the human body, from the macroscopic to the microscopic level. It emphasizes the topographical relationships between structures and the correlation between anatomical structure and function, which is a core concept of histology. Students will acquire knowledge of the organization of the body’s systems, including: • The morphology, position, and relationships of organs within each system. • The main structural characteristics of organs and their functional significance. By the end of the course, students will develop: 1) Knowledge and Understanding: -Knowledge of the macroscopic and microscopic structures of the human body’s systems, using appropriate biomedical terminology. 2) Application of Knowledge: -The ability to apply this knowledge as a foundation for studying related fields such as physiology, pharmacology, and pathological anatomy. 3) Critical Thinking: -The ability to analyze the structural and functional correlations between various body systems. 4) Communication Skills: -Proficiency in biomedical terminology for effective communication within the scientific community. Students with specific needs are encouraged to request a personal meeting at the beginning of the course in order to plan any compensatory and/or dispensatory measures, based on the learning objectives and their individual requirements. It is also recommended to contact the Student Community Inclusion Office at the following link: https://www.unisi.it/ateneo/lavorare-unisi/accoglienza-disabili-e-serviz....

Module of General Biology: PART 1: Fundamental properties of living organisms. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. PART 2: Chemical composition of living organisms. Biological macromolecules. PART 3: Structure and functions of cellular organelles. The plasma membrane, receptor concept, and signal transduction. The nucleus and chromatin. Smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes. Golgi apparatus. Lysosomes and peroxisomes. Mitochondria and cellular respiration. The cytoskeleton and cellular movement. Microtubules and centrioles, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. PART 4: From DNA to proteins: basic concepts. PART 5: Mechanisms of cell reproduction and death: the cell cycle and its regulation, mitosis, meiosis, apoptosis, and necrosis. Spermatogenesis, oogenesis, and fertilization. PART 6: Basic principles of genetics and hereditary transmission of traits. Chromosomes and karyotype. Mutations: types, origins, and consequences. MODULE HISTOLOGY AND ANATOMY -HISTOLOGY 1. Introduction to Microscopy: Basics of optical and electron microscopy and techniques for histological sample preparation. 2. Tissues formation and maintenance: stem cells. 3. Epithelial Tissue: Morphological and functional description of epithelial cells and tissues, and classification of epithelia (covering and secretory). 4. Proper Connective Tissue: Cellular components and extracellular matrix. Description of the morphology and function of proper connective tissue. 5. Specialized Connective Tissues: Blood. Adipose tissue. Cartilage and bone tissue. Morphological and functional description of cells and matrix components. 6. Nervous Tissue: Morphology and function of nerve cells and their organization in the central and peripheral nervous systems. 7. Muscle Tissue: Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Morphological and functional description of muscle fibers and their organization into muscle tissue. -ANATOMY 8. Anatomical Terminology and Nomenclature: Introduction to general anatomical terms. 9. Integumentary System: Structure and function of the skin and its appendages. 10. Locomotor System: Bone, joint, and muscle systems (osteomuscular system) and their functional interrelations. 11. Cardiovascular System: Structure and function of the heart and blood vessels. 12. Respiratory System: Anatomy and function of the respiratory organs. 13. Digestive System: Morphological and functional characteristics of the digestive organs. 14. Urinary System: Structure and function of the kidneys and urinary tract. 15. Reproductive Systems: Male and female reproductive organs and their functions. 16. Nervous System: Organization and function of the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Non è richiesto nessun prerequisito particolare

The course employs an integrated teaching approach that combines lectures, multimedia resources, guided discussions, and visual models to enhance concept comprehension and critical thinking. Active learning is promoted through group projects, peer-teaching, and problem-solving activities. Digital tools and e-learning platforms provide access to interactive materials, quizzes, and video tutorials, supporting self-paced learning. Individual and group tutoring sessions are also available to offer personalized guidance and reinforce understanding throughout the course.

The final grade is calculated as the weighted average of the marks obtained in each module, rounded to the nearest whole number. For details on the assessment methods of each module, please refer to the specific descriptions.

Refer to the texts listed in each module's syllabus

This is an integrated course consisting of two modules, titled Calculus 1 and Calculus 2. It is part of the foundational educational activities of the degree program and contributes to equipping students with essential knowledge for the formalization, analysis, and modeling of phenomena and processes, grounded in the scientific and methodological principles that underpin biotechnology and information engineering. The Calculus 1 module develops a foundational understanding of real analysis and single-variable calculus, focusing on limits, continuity, differentiation, and integration. Students learn to rigorously analyze functions and sequences, reason about the structure of number systems, and apply core mathematical tools to study the behavior of real-valued functions. The Calculus 2 module extends the foundational tools of calculus to functions of several variables, focusing on continuity, partial derivatives, differentiability, and multiple integration. Students learn to analyze multivariable functions, study their graphs and level sets, identify extrema, and apply key results such as the implicit function theorem to understand more complex mathematical models.

Module: Calculus 1 ● Natural numbers, induction. Rational, real and complex numbers. ● Sup, inf, max and min of a nonempty subset of the reals. ● Series and sequences: the notion of limit. Important sequences and their limit. ● Functions of a real variable: monotonicity, limits, continuity. Derivability. Local and global maxima and minima. Global study of the graph of a function of one real variable. ● Riemann integration theory. Methods of integration. Module: Calculus 2 ● Functions of several real variables. ● Continuity, partial derivatives and differentiability. ● Local and global maxima and minima. ● Study of the level sets, and of the graph of a function of two variables. ● The implicit function theorem. ● Multiple integrals.

Elementary logic. Trigonometry. Functions: domain, image, injectivity, invertibility. Graphs of elementary functions. . Roots of a polynomial of degree two.

In-class lectures are complemented by moments of discussion to promote active student engagement. Homework assignments are provided to support and guide individual study. Additional learning materials and sample exam questions are shared online to facilitate independent preparation. Small group projects will be assigned to encourage collaboration and problem-solving.

The final grade is calculated as the weighted average of the marks obtained in each module, rounded to the nearest whole number. For details on the assessment methods of each module, please refer to the specific descriptions.

Tom M. Apostol, Calculus, Volume 1. Tom M. Apostol, Calculus, Volume 2.

This is an integrated course consisting of two modules, titled Algorithms and Data Structures and Programming Fundamentals. It provides students with a foundational understanding of computational methods relevant to biotechnology and engineering. It introduces basic principles of algorithms, data structures, and programming, with a focus on practical implementation using Python. Students learn to apply standard techniques to solve elementary computational problems, including those involving data organization, search, and optimization, and are introduced to object-oriented programming. The educational objectives of the Algorithms and Data Structures module are to acquire knowledge on key computer science concepts, including algorithms, data structures, and basic computational theory. The students will acquire the ability to utilize fundamental data structures (such as arrays, lists, trees, and graphs) to implement basic algorithms for searching, sorting, and optimizing computations relevant to biotech problems. The educational objectives of the Programming Fundamentals module are to develop programming skills in a language commonly used in biotechnology contexts (Python). The module also provides an introduction to object-oriented programming with Python.

The course is divided into two modules. Module 1, ALGORITHMS AND DATA STRUCTURES, and Module 2, PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS. Module 1 introduces students to the basic concepts of computer science, with emphasis on the elementary notions of Boolean algebra, computer architecture, data representation and algorithms. Module 2 focuses on procedural and object-oriented programming paradigms and the Python language, algorithmic techniques for solving biotechnological problems and experimental verification of programs. In detail, Module 1 will cover the following topics: - Overview of Computer Science and its relevance to biotechnology. - Basic computer architecture and operating systems. - Data representation (numbers, characters, strings). - Overview of data structures: arrays, lists, stacks, queues, trees, and graphs. - Choosing appropriate data structures for specific problems. - Introduction to algorithms: definition and properties. - Problem-solving strategies and algorithm design. - Common algorithm paradigms (Divide and Conquer, recursion). - Computational complexity of algorithms. - Sorting algorithms: Bubble, Merge, Quick sort. - Search algorithms: Linear and Binary search. - Graph algorithms: Traversal, Shortest Path. In detail, Module 2 will cover the following topics: - Introduction to Python: its history and role in biotechnology. - Setting up the Python environment. - Basic syntax, variables, and data types. - Conditional statements (if, else, elif). - Loops (for, while) and iteration. - Writing and using functions. - Lists, tuples, and dictionaries. - Sets and basic operations on data structures. - Reading and writing files. - Scripts and modules. - Basics of object-oriented programming in Python: classes, multiple inheritance. - The Python standard library. - The main scientific libraries in Python: numpy, scipy.

This course requires no prerequisites.

Instruction is delivered through the following methods: - Theoretical lectures with practical exercises relating to the covered topics. - Homework assignments are provided to support and guide individual study. - Laboratory sessions are organized to reinforce the application of theoretical concepts through hands-on practice. - Additional learning materials and sample exam questions are shared online to facilitate independent preparation. - To support students in self-assessment and monitor their progress, periodic in-term assessments are scheduled throughout the course.

The tests for each module can be taken regardless of the other module, i.e. the test for the second module can be taken prior to the test for the second one and vice versa. The final grade is calculated as the weighted average of the marks obtained in each module, rounded to the nearest whole number. For details on the assessment methods of each module, please refer to the specific descriptions.

Course slides and additional material available on moodle and google drive. Python Tutorial, freely available online. http://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/ “Python Crash Course: A Hands-On, Project- Based Introduction to Programming”. Eric Matthes, no starch press, third edition, 2023.

Il corso fornisce un bagaglio di conoscenze teoriche e pratiche essenziali per comprendere e analizzare sia il contesto aziendale che quello in cui l’azienda opera, anche grazie all’analisi di casi di studio e al confronto con testimonianze aziendali.
Alla fine del corso, lo studente/la studentessa sarà in grado di:

• comprendere la struttura e il funzionamento delle imprese;
• applicare modelli quali la SWOT analysis, il modello delle 5 Forze di Porter e il modello di Abell;
• affrontare criticamente problematiche aziendali e proporre soluzioni;
• lavorare in gruppo per risolvere casi di studio/problemi pratici

Il corso fornisce una solida comprensione dei fondamenti del business e delle dinamiche aziendali contemporanee. Attraverso un percorso formativo chiaro e applicativo, gli studenti risponderanno a domande chiave: Che cos'è un'azienda e come funziona? Chi è il manager e come guida il processo decisionale?
L'obiettivo è sviluppare competenze analitiche e strategiche essenziali per operare nei contesti organizzativi moderni. Il programma affronta la struttura e la cultura organizzativa, la pianificazione strategica e la gestione delle Operation e della Supply Chain. La didattica integra le basi teoriche con un forte approccio pratico, avvalendosi dell'analisi di casi di studio empirici, esercitazioni e testimonianze dirette di guest speaker dal mondo imprenditoriale.
In particolare, il, corso si articola su 4 macro-aree:
1: Fondamenti e Teorie Manageriali

• L'impresa: definizione, tipologie, governance e modelli di proprietà
• Evoluzione storica e teorica del pensiero manageriale
• Analisi dell'ambiente macro e micro (General Environment)
  2) Strategia Aziendale e Pianificazione:
• Modelli di analisi strategica: Modello di Abell, Analisi SWOT, 5 Forze di Porter
• Formulazione della strategia: livello Corporate, Business e Funzionale
• Progettazione del Business Model
  3) Organizzazione e Gestione delle Risorse Umane
• Progettazione delle strutture e analisi delle culture organizzative
• Dinamiche di gruppo, gestione dei team e leadership
  4) Operations, Supply Chain e Modelli d'Impresa
• Gestione dei processi produttivi e delle Operations
• Strategie e gestione integrata della Supply Chain
• Dinamiche di crescita nelle Piccole e Medie Imprese (PMI)

https://www.sem.unisi.it/it/didattica/elenco-propedeuticita/propedeuticita

• Lezioni frontali
• Seminari
• Casi studio

La verifica dell’apprendimento si baserà sugli esiti di 2 prove intermedie e 1 prova finale. Il risultato sarà dato dalla media ponderata di tutte le prove svolte durante e al termine del corso. In particolare:

• la prima prova intermedia (una relazione individuale con parte teorica e/o parte empirica) coprirà il 30% del voto complessivo dell’esame;
• la seconda prova intermedia (lavoro di gruppo con presentazione orale) coprirà il 30% del voto complessivo dell’esame;
• l’esame finale (esame scritto con domande aperte e/o chiuse) coprirà il restante 40% del voto complessivo dell’esame.
  In ciascuna delle prove d'esame lo/la studente/studentessa dovrà dimostrare di conoscere le nozioni teoriche dell’insegnamento e saperle applicare a casi pratici.

Casprini, E. (2021). MANAGEMENT Bachelor, McGraw Hill Create, ISBN-13: 9781307661811
Casprini, E. (2019). Beyond servitization. New managerial challenges for manufacturing firms. CEDAM Wolters Kluwer, ISBN: 9788813368128
Ulteriore materiale disponibile su MOODLE

This is an integrated course consisting of two modules, titled General and Inorganic Chemistry and Organic Chemistry. It provides students with a fundamental understanding of matter, covering atomic structure, chemical bonding, thermodynamics, equilibrium, and reactivity. It also introduces key concepts in organic chemistry, including reaction mechanisms and biomolecules. These foundations enable students to interpret and predict chemical and biochemical phenomena relevant to biotechnology
The educational objectives of the General and Inorganic Chemistry module are
Basic knowledge of atomic structure and chemical bonding.
Ability to balance chemical reactions and apply nomenclature rules for the correct naming/formula assignment of inorganic compounds.
Knowledge of the properties of solutions and the main chemical reactions that characterize them.
Ability to apply the acquired knowledge to solve problems specific to the profession.
The educational objectives of the Organic Chemistry module are
Basic knowledge of organic chemistry and mechanisms.
Basic knowledge of organic chemistry stereochemistry.
The ability to correctly use the formula tool to define the reactivity and properties of the various classes of organic substances.
Knowledge of the chemical structures of biomolecules and their reactivity according to biological properties, providing knowledge about the complexity of living systems at the molecular level.

Module I: General and Inorganic chemistry:
-Atomic structure
-Chemical bonding
-Chemical reactions -Properties of solutions (concentration units, colligative properties)
-Chemical equilibrium (pH of acids, bases, and salts, buffer solutions, acid and base titrations, solubility product)
-Electrochemistry (electrolysis, batteries)
-Fundamentals of Thermodynamics
Module II: Organic chemistry

• Chemical bonding and hybridization.
• Saturated, unsaturated, and aromatic hydrocarbons: structure, nomenclature, isomerism, properties, and reactivity.
• Chirality and stereochemistry.
• Halogen derivatives and their reactivity.
• Alcohols, phenols, and their reactivity.
• Carbonyl compounds: aldehydes and ketones and reactivity at the carbonyl group.
• Aliphatic and aromatic amines and reactivity at the amino group.
• Carboxylic acids and derivatives: acyl halides, esters, amides, and nitriles and their reactivity.
• Nucleic acids: composition and structural properties.
• Amino acids and peptides: structure and properties.
• Carbohydrates: classification, mono- and polysaccharides, mutarotation and acetal structures, glycosidic bond and reactivity.
• Lipids: structure and properties of some classes of lipids.

Module I: General and Inorganic chemistry: none
Module II: Organic chemistry
Knowledge of fundamentals of chemistry

Module I: General and Inorganic chemistry: Face to face lessons coupled with practical exercises
Module II: Organic chemistry:
Training lectures in the form of classroom discussion where students will be presented with the different subjects of the course coupled with practical exercises. All of these in the effort of solving problems connected with organic chemistry.

Module I: General and Inorganic chemistry: Knowledge assessment will be verified through a multiple-choice test. The student will have to answer 31 multiple-choice questions within 60 minutes. The minimum passing score is 18 out of 31.
Module II: Organic chemistry
Written test with open questions, multiple choice questions and a series of reaction schemes to be carried out in a maximum time of 2 hours. The test will be considered sufficient with a grade equal to or higher than 18/30. In this case, an oral examination will be performed to assess the final score of the test. Alternative solutions will be considered for students with special educational needs. The evaluation will be expressed in thirtieths with the possibility of obtaining honors. For successful tests, the following grading will be applied: 18-21 sufficient understanding, limited autonomy; 22-24 more than sufficient understanding, partial autonomy; 25-27 good understanding, excellent autonomy; 28-30 excellent understanding, reasons/works independent.
The final examination for the second module may not be taken unless all required assessments for the first module have been successfully completed.
The final grade is calculated as the weighted average of the marks obtained in each module, rounded to the nearest whole number. For details on the assessment methods of each module, please refer to the specific descriptions.

Module I: General and Inorganic chemistry:
https://openstax.org/details/books/chemistry-2e
Module II: Organic chemistry:
Janice Gorzynski Smith- Fondamenti di Chimica Organica-ed. McGraw-Hill, 5th edition; ISBN: 8838694435
McMurray-Chimica Organica- Piccin Ed
Bruice -Chimica Organica-Edises Ed
Brown-Poon-Introduzione alla Chimica Organica – EdiSES, ISBN: 978-88-3623-077-8
Clayden-Chimica Organica- Piccin ed.

Al termine del corso, gli studenti:

• conosceranno le grandezze fisiche fondamentali e il concetto di incertezza sperimentale.
• padroneggeranno la meccanica dei sistemi di particelle e dei corpi rigidi, inclusa la dinamica rotazionale.
• sapranno applicare i principi della meccanica dei fluidi e della termodinamica.
• possederanno una conoscenza globale delle leggi che regolano i campi elettrici e magnetici e le loro interazioni attraverso l'induzione.
• saranno in grado di formalizzare e modellare fenomeni fisici in contesti di ingegneria delle biotecnologie.

Il programma è suddiviso in due parti principali:
PARTE I: Introduzione, Meccanica, Fluidi e Termodinamica:

• Introduzione e Vettori: arandezze fisiche e unità SI; analisi dimensionale; cifre significative; scalari e vettori; algebra vettoriale;
• Meccanica del punto e del corpo rigido: Cinematica: moto in una, due e tre dimensioni con esempi (es. moto lineare accelerato e non, caduta dei gravi, moto del proiettile); Dinamica del punto materiale: forze e leggi di Newton con applicazioni; lavoro ed energia cinetica e potenziale; conservazione dell'energia meccanica; quantità di moto lineare e urti; cinematica e dinamica rotazionale; momento angolare e sua conservazione; equilibrio statico; meccanica del corpo rigido (cenni)
• Meccanica dei Fluidi: Statica dei fluidi: pressione, principi di Pascal e Archimede; dinamica dei fluidi: equazione di Bernoulli, viscosità e turbolenza (cenni)
• Termodinamica: Temperatura e calore; calorimetria; cenni di teoria cinetica dei gas (modello del gas ideale e di van der Waals); prima legge della termodinamica (lavoro, calore ed energia interna); seconda legge della termodinamica (macchine termiche, ciclo di Carnot ed entropia)
  PARTE II: Elettromagnetismo
• Elettrostatica nel vuoto e nei conduttori: carica elettrica, legge di Coulomb e campo elettrico, potenziale elettrostatico, legge di Gauss, elettrostatica e conduttori, capacità di un condensatore carico, condensatori in serie e in parallelo, energia di un condensatore carico
• Corrente Elettrica e Circuiti: corrente elettrica nei conduttori, principio di conservazione della carica elettrica, legge di Ohm, effetto Joule, resistenze in serie e in parallelo
• Campi Elettrici nella Materia: campi elettrici nella materia, potenziale elettrostatico nei dielettrici
• Magnetostatica: magnetostatica, sorgenti del campo magnetico, legge di Biot-Savart, circuitazione di un campo vettoriale e legge di Ampère, legge di Gauss per il campo magnetico, forza di Lorentz
• Induzione Elettromagnetica e Campi Magnetici nella Materia: legge di Faraday dell'induzione e legge di Lenz, autoinduzione, campi magnetici nella materia (cenni a diamagnetismo, paramagnetismo, ferromagnetismo, isteresi magnetica)
• Cenni alle onde elettromagnetiche

Algebra, funzioni elementari e basi di calcolo differenziale

Lezioni frontali ed esercitazioni. Lezioni in aula affiancate da momenti di discussione per promuovere il coinvolgimento attivo degli studenti.

La valutazione dell'apprendimento è strutturata come segue:

• Prove scritte: Sono previste 2 prove scritte corrispondenti alla PARTE I e alla PARTE II del programma. Ciascuna prova consiste in 3 problemi da risolvere in 1 ora. I 3 problemi inclusi nell'esame saranno ideati a partire da un insieme di 40 problemi forniti agli studenti 1 mese prima dell'esame. Il voto finale delle prove scritte è la media aritmetica delle due prove: se la media è pari o superiore a 18/30, gli studenti hanno la possibilità di accettare tale media come voto finale del corso senza sostenere ulteriori esami. Se la media è inferiore a 18/30, gli studenti devono sostenere una prova orale.
• Esame orale: Questa prova orale si concentrerà nello specifico sulla parte del programma (PARTE I o II) in cui lo studente ha ottenuto il voto più basso nelle prove scritte.
  Gli studenti dovranno dimostrare sia una buona comprensione dei concetti teorici, sia la capacità di applicare tali conoscenze a scenari pratici di ingegneria delle biotecnologie.

• Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs, "University Physics Volume 1", OpenStax
• Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs, "University Physics Volume 2", OpenStax
• D.Halliday, R.Resnick, J.Walker "Fondamenti di Fisica: Meccanica,Termologia,Elettrologia,Magnetismo,Ottica" Casa Editrice Zanichelli

Scritto