Economics And Finance With Data Science

The course aims to analyse the good health firm’s conditions, considering the environment as a source of restrictions but also opportunities. Topics as Management, Business Organization and Performance Analysis are exanimated using the functional areas approach. Evaluations on the firms’ performance are based on Financial Statements, as the result of accounting and financial accounting estimations. This approach let to compare firms across the years and in relation with competitors.
The course success is to instil a deep ability in order to identify, reveal and understand financial operations and their effects on the external company information disclosure (first of all through the Financial Statement).

• Introduction to the business concept
• The productive process. Factors of production and their remuneration. I
• The economic, financial and equity aspects of the business activity
• The evaluation of a business health: the economic, finacial and equity balances
• The financial statement: Balance sheet, Income statement, Cash flow statement
• A business functional areas: core functions and secondary functions
• The financial accouting: the double-entry method
• The recording of business transactions: purchases, sales, financing operations, retributions, adjusting and closing entries

The assessment method is that of a written exam, made up of two different parts: business administration and financial accounting. The exam includes 3-4 open questions and/or exercises related to the part of business administration, while the evaluation of the accounting part is based on the recording of a series of business transactions. The maximum achievable grade is 30/30.

The exam will last about a hour and 30 minutes (30% of additional time for SLD students who presented a written request by sending an email to [email protected] and attaching the relevant documentation).

The course Mathematics for Economics I provides the students with the basic mathematical techniques commonly used in economic applications. In particular, the fundamental concepts of mathematical analysis are introduced, both for functions of one variable and for functions of several variables. The objective of the course is to learn how to reason in an analytical and rigorous way in decision problems. We will discuss how to solve an optimization problem in its simplest formulations. The emphasis will be given to the economic applications of the concepts introduced.
At the end of the course, the student is expected to be capable of:

• knowing the techniques and the basic mathematical tools commonly used in the solution of problems of economic nature;
• using such techniques and tools to formalize and solve problems;
• being able to communicate the results obtained using a clear and appropriate mathematical notation and language.

• Review of basic concepts. Set operations. Natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, and real numbers.
• Vector spaces and subspaces. Operations with vectors and matrices.
• Topology in R and Rn: distance, norm, spherical neighbourhoods, open and closed sets.
• Functions of a real variable and their properties, sequences, and numerical series. Functions of several variables.
• Limits and continuity of functions of one real variable. Techniques for computing limits.
• Differential calculus of functions of one real variable and its fundamental theorems.
• Unconstrained optimization in one variable.
• Partial derivatives of functions of several variables.
• Integral calculus for functions of one real variable. Definite and indefinite integrals, the fundamental theorem of calculus, and methods of integration.

Exam Format

The exam result is determined solely on the basis of a written test with a total duration of 2 hours and 30 minutes. The objective of the test is to assess the student’s ability to:

clearly and concisely illustrate the main concepts and theoretical results developed during the course (including through proofs);

apply these results to the solution of numerical exercises.

To this end, the test is divided into three parts:

Part 1 – Prerequisites: 3 short numerical exercises aimed at assessing the student's knowledge of mathematics considered fundamental for further studies in economics (maximum score: 2 points; minimum score required to proceed to the next part: 1.5 points);

Part 2 – Multiple Choice Questions: 11 numerical multiple-choice questions, each requiring the solution of an exercise (maximum score: 11 points; minimum score required to proceed to the next part: 5 points);

Part 3 – Open-Ended Questions: 4 theoretical questions requiring the exposition of definitions, examples, and proofs (maximum score: 20 points).

The final score is the sum of the points obtained in the three parts (maximum score: 33 points). If the total score is equal to or greater than 30, students may take a short oral exam for the possible award of honors (cum laude).

In this class we present a formal introduction to microeconomics, focused on consumption and production. We also introduce the concept of efficiency and discuss when decentralized markets achieve efficiency. We finally describe some reasons that may lead to market failure, and discuss possible remedies.

Why should someone be interested in this course? First, microeconomics is at the core of economic thinking: it studies how individuals interact in a market economy. Second, mastering the theory of consumption and production is fundamental to understand (and work on) any branch of economics. Last but not least, microeconomic theory is fascinating by itself: it builds simple models to understand complex phenomena.
By the end of the class, students will be able to understand how economic agents interact in markets. Moreover, they will understand when decentralized markets achieve efficiency, when they do not, and what can be done to solve this.

For any learning or non-learning disabilities, please read the instructions support (https://www.unito.it/servizi/lo-studio/studenti-con-disabilita) and reception (https://www.unito.it/accoglienza-studenti-con-disabilita-e-dsa) of the University and in particular of the procedures necessary for support during the exam (https://www.unito.it/servizi/lo-studio/studenti-e-studentesse-con-disabilita/supporto-studenti-e-studentesse-con).

We will cover the following topics:

• Introduction
• Consumer Theory
• Budget Constraint
• Preferences
• Demand
• Slutsky Equation
• Production Theory:
• Technology
• Profit Maximization
• Cost Minimization
• Cost Curves
• Firm Supply
• Industry Supply

Written exams. The length of the exam is between 90 and 120 minutes. There are between three and five exercises at the same level as those presented in class. The weight of each exercise on the final grade is proportional to its complexity.

There are no oral exams.

The aim of the course is to present the preliminary mathematical tools necessary to attend the quantitative courses of the Degree Programme.
The course allows students to acquire basic knowledge of the preliminary mathematical tools necessary to attend the quantitative courses of the Degree Programme. In particular, at the end of the course, the student is expected to be capable of:

• knowing the techniques and the preliminary mathematical tools commonly used in the quantitative courses;
• using such techniques and tools to formalize and solve simple problems;
• being able to communicate the results obtained using a clear and appropriate mathematical notation and language.

• Sets and their operations
• Polynomials
• Equations and inequalities
• Systems of equations and of inequalities
• Cartesian plane
• Linear, quadratic, exponential and logarithmic functions

The exam consists in an online-remote quiz through the Moodle platform, that lasts 45 minutes and consists of 10 multiple-choice questions. In order to fulfill the OFA requirements it is necessary to give at least 6 correct answers.

The course intends to explain fundamental aspects of italian private law method, language, concepts and rules, using also a comparative approach. Its aim is to give basic skills and competence to go on with law studies and to manage law problems in practice. The following topics will be considered: Italian private law and its aim, sources and field of application; natural people and collective beings, absolute rights, possession, obligations, contract in general; specifically ruled contracts and not specifically ruled contracts, gift, torts, other sources of obligations; family, inheritance.
At the end of classes, students must show the following knowledges and competences:

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING of fundamental aspects of the topics mentioned in the program;

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: competence to apply them in practice,

INDEPENDENT JUDGEMENT: competence to find legal problems involved, applicable rules and consequences,

COMMUNICATION SKILLS: capacity to express himself in a logic way and using the correct technical language,

LEARNING SKILLS: capacity to go on with law studies.

If you have a learning disorder or a disability, please refer to the University's provisions on support (https://www.unito.it/servizi/lo-studio/studenti-con-disabilita) and accommodation (https://www.unito.it/accoglienza-studenti-con-disabilita-e-dsa), and in particular the procedures required for exam support (https://www.unito.it/servizi/lo-studio/studenti-e-studentesse-con-disabilita/supporto-studenti-e-studentesse-con).

Italian private law, aim, sources, field of applicability;

natural people and collective beings,

absolute rights, possession,

obligations,

contract in general; specifically ruled contracts, gift, not specifically ruled contracts,

torts,

other sources of obligations,

family, inheritance,

The final exam will be in writing and will concern the program topics. It will be made by two parties. The first one, whose aim will be to verify knowledge and understanding of fundamental aspects of the topics mentioned in the program, will be multiple choice questions test (21 questions, 20 minutes of time to do, 1 point every question with a correct answer, 0 every question with a wrong or not given answer). The second part of the exam, lasting 15 minutes, will have the aim to verify the skill to illustrate fundamental aspects of the topics mentioned in the program, expressing himself in a logic way and using the right technical language: it will consist in doing a short written composition on the basis of a given track concerning theoretical profiles (not a hypothetical, invented case). The final grade of the examination is awarded 2/3 to the first part (the test) and 1/3 to the second part and it is expressed in thirtieths. The first part grade is attributed 100% to knowledge and understanding of the study topics. The second part grade is attributed 80% to knowledge, understanding and the ability to apply the study topics and 20% to clarity and language property in exposition.

No instruments or texts may be used during the examination.
The results will be returned through the Essetre system with the timeline indicated from time to time.

To take the exam the Student must register for it (register for the exam).

Those who have registered and then decide not to take the exam, are asked to communicate their intention to the teacher by e-mail.

Tipo di esame: Orale. Valutazione: Voto Finale.

The course aims at providing the main concepts and methods of statistical reasoning. In particular, it consists of an introduction to data analysis and a presentation of elementary notions of probability theory and statistical inference. The importance of statistics in various disciplines will also be emphasized.
At the end of the course, the student is expected to:

• Understand the main statistical concepts;
• Appropriately formalize a statistical problem in order to apply the methods taught during the course;
• Face a simple statistical problem and interpret the results of the statistical analysis;
• Present in written form the knowledge gained during the course;
• Being able to successfully attend intermediate level classes in statistics and econometrics.

The topics of the course are as follows:

Descriptive statistics

descriptive and inferential statistics (1.1-1.3)

statistical variables and their classifications (1.2)

graphical representations for categorical variables (1.3)

graphical representations for time series (1.4)

graphical representations for numerical variables (1.5)

measures of central tendency and other position indices: mode, means, median, quartiles, percentiles (2.1)

measures of variability: range of variation, interquartile difference, variance, mean square deviation, coefficient of variation, box plots, Chebyshev's inequality and the Empirical Rule (2.2)

summary measures for pooled data (2.3)

measures of relationships between two variables (2.4)

Probability calculus

random experiments and sample spaces (3.1)

conceptions of probability and axiomatic setting (3.2)

rules of probability calculus and conditional probability (3.3)

joint probabilities, marginal probabilities, independence between events (3.4)

Bayes' theorem (3.5)

Discrete random variables

definition, probability function and distribution function (4.1, 4.2)

expected value, variance, moments of a discrete r.v., linear transformations of a discrete r.v. (4.3)

Bernoulli distribution, binomial distribution (4.4)

Poisson distribution (4.5)

Hypergeometric distribution (4.6)

Joint distributions of two discrete r.v., independence, covariance and correlation, linear combinations of r.v. (4.7)

Continuous random variables

definition, density function, uniform distribution (5.1)

expected value, variance (5.2)

normal distribution (5.3)

approximation of binomial distribution with normal distribution (5.4)

exponential distribution (5.5)

Sampling and sample distributions

random sample (6.1)

sample mean distribution, Central Limit Theorem (6.2)

sample proportion distribution (6.3)

sample variance distribution, chi-square distribution (6.4)

Estimation problems in a single population

point estimation: properties of unbiasedness, asymptotic unbiasedness, and efficiency (7.1)

confidence intervals for the mean when the variance is known (7.2)

confidence intervals for the mean when the variance is unknown, Student's t distribution (7.3)

confidence intervals for the proportion (large samples) (7.4)

confidence intervals for the variance of a normal population (7.5)

Hypothesis testing on a single population

basic concepts of hypothesis testing (9.1)

hypothesis testing on the mean when the variance is known (9.2)

testing of hypotheses on the mean when the variance is not known (9.3)

hypothesis testing on the proportion (large samples) (9.4)

hypothesis testing on the variance of a normal population (9.6)

Additional topics

• chi-square test
• other topics to be confirmed by the end of the course

Written test with muplie choice questions, possibly requiring solving an excercise. Duration: 1h30mins. No oral examination is expected for this course. The test will take place in presence.

Voto Finale

Voto Finale

Tipo di esame: Orale. Valutazione: Voto Finale.

Tipo di esame: Orale. Valutazione: Voto Finale.

Voto Finale

Voto Finale

Tipo di esame: Orale. Valutazione: Voto Finale.

Tipo di esame: Orale. Valutazione: Voto Finale.

Tipo di esame: Orale. Valutazione: Voto Finale.

Tipo di esame: Orale. Valutazione: Voto Finale.

Tipo di esame: Orale. Valutazione: Voto Finale.

Tipo di esame: Orale. Valutazione: Voto Finale.

Tipo di esame: Orale. Valutazione: Voto Finale.

Tipo di esame: Orale. Valutazione: Voto Finale.

Tipo di esame: Orale. Valutazione: Voto Finale.

Tipo di esame: Orale. Valutazione: Voto Finale.

Tipo di esame: Orale. Valutazione: Voto Finale.

Tipo di esame: Orale. Valutazione: Voto Finale.

This course introduces undergraduate economics students to the historical and theoretical foundations of gender analysis in economics. The course examines how economic thought has conceptualized gender, work, family, markets, and social institutions from the eighteenth century to contemporary debates. By integrating the history of economic thought with modern gender economics and feminist economic theory, students will critically assess the assumptions underlying mainstream economic models and explore alternative approaches that incorporate care, unpaid work, power relations, and inequality.
The course aims to provide students with the analytical tools necessary to understand the economic dimensions of gender inequalities and the historical evolution of ideas about women's economic roles. Through the study of classical, neoclassical, institutionalist, Marxist, and feminist perspectives, students will develop the ability to interpret economic theories within their historical contexts and evaluate their relevance for current policy debates.

Students will be able to:

• understand the historical development of gender-related issues in economic thought;
• critically evaluate the treatment of gender in different economic traditions;
• explain the contributions of feminist economics to contemporary economic analysis;
• analyze the economic implications of gender inequalities in labor markets, households, education, and public policy;
• apply historical and theoretical perspectives to contemporary debates on gender, inclusion, and economic development.

Part I. Introducing Gender in Economics

• What is gender? Concepts and definitions.
• Why study gender in economics?
• History of economic thought as a tool for understanding contemporary gender issues.

Part II. The Origins of the Doctrine of the Separate Spheres

• The intellectual and historical origins of the doctrine.
• Public and private spheres in eighteenth-century political economy.
• Family, market, and domestic economy.
• Gendered divisions of labour.

Part III. The Separate Spheres in Classical and Neoclassical Economics

• The classical school and family economy.
• John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor Mill: equality versus separate spheres.
• Alfred Marshall and the economics of the family.
• The persistence of separate spheres in neoclassical economics: Gary Becker

Part IV. Challenging the Separate Spheres

• Early women economists and their critiques.
• Women's access to higher education and the economics profession.

Part IV. The Birth of Feminist Economics

• The critique of mainstream economics.
• Household production and unpaid work.
• Care work and social reproduction.
• Gender and labor market discrimination.
• Measuring economic well-being beyond markets.

Part V. Current Debates

• Gender pay gap.
• Care economy.
• Work-life balance.
• Demographic change and family policies.
• Gender budgeting.
• AI, digitalization, and gender inequalities.
• Future directions in feminist economics.

Student learning will be assessed through a final written examination designed to evaluate both knowledge acquisition and critical thinking skills.

The examination consists of a combination of short-answer questions and essay questions covering the main topics discussed during the course. Students are expected to demonstrate:

• a sound understanding of the historical evolution of gender issues in economic thought;
• knowledge of the doctrine of the separate spheres and its influence on economic theory;
• familiarity with the development of feminist economics and the contributions of women economists;
• the ability to critically compare different schools of economic thought from a gender perspective;
• the capacity to apply historical and theoretical concepts to contemporary economic and policy debates.

Assessment will be based on the following criteria:

• Knowledge and understanding of the course content;
• Analytical and critical reasoning in discussing economic theories and historical developments;
• Ability to synthesize and compare different theoretical approaches;
• Appropriate use of economic and historical terminology;
• Clarity, coherence, and organization of written arguments.

Students attending the course may also be offered the opportunity to complete an individual or group presentation on a topic related to the course programme. Where applicable, the presentation will contribute to the final grade as specified at the beginning of the course.

This course aims to provide students with key interpretative instruments, in order to enable them to critically examine the evolution of the economic theory from marginalism to the present developments. It draws on and critically reexamines several topics and analytical tools of Microeconomics and Macroeconomics taking into account the historical and institutional framework in which these were elaborated. It also analyses the complex interactions between economic theory, "facts" and economic policy choices.
After completing this course the student is expected to:

i) know the main issues of modern economic thought;

ii) know the evolution of the main economic theories and paradigms;

iii) be able to rethink critically the main analytical tools studied in the Macroeconomics and Microeconomics courses;

iv) be able to analyse the interactions between economic theory, "facts" and economic policy.

The Classicsl School

The methodology of the history of economics.
The “marginal revolution”: Its character and contents. C. Menger: his theory on value and distribution; the Methodenstreit. The Marginalist distribution theory. Alfred Mashall and the foundation of the "Cambridge school". Leon Walras’ general equilibrium model. Vilfredo Pareto: the shift from cardinalism to ordinalism and the "New welfare economics"

The Austrian school of economics: capital, entrepreneurship, money and the Great Crisis; Mises, Hayek and the Austrian business cycle theory. The debate on “economic calculation” in a collectivist economic system.

Keynes’ analysis. The structure of The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.
The “Neoclassical synthesis”: the work of J. Hicks and D. Patinkin and the first formulation of the Phillips curve

The Chicago school; possible heterodox approaches: behavioral economics, feminist economics

GUEST LECTURES: TBA

written exam: 4 open questions (4pt; 6pt; 8pt; 12pt). It aims at checking students' understanding of the key issues presented in the classroom and her/his ability to provide autonomous interpretation and syntesis. The exam is based on the texts, slides and materials presented and uploaded on Moodle platform. Each open questions will be computed separately and the final score will be computed as the arithmetic average (grading scale: from 0 to 30). Duration 1h and 30mins

MIDTERM for attendees only

Tipo di esame: Orale. Valutazione: Voto Finale.

Tipo di esame: Orale. Valutazione: Voto Finale.

Tipo di esame: Orale. Valutazione: Voto Finale.

Tipo di esame: Orale. Valutazione: Voto Finale.

Tipo di esame: Orale. Valutazione: Voto Finale.

Tipo di esame: Orale. Valutazione: Voto Finale.

Tipo di esame: Orale. Valutazione: Voto Finale.

Tipo di esame: Orale. Valutazione: Voto Finale.

Teaching aims to develop linguistic and metalinguistic skills that facilitate multilingual and intercultural communication and enable interaction in situations and contexts in which the language of use is potentially different from that mastered by the student.
KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: to know the principles governing multilingual communication and to identify linguistic elements common to Romance languages by relating metalinguistic knowledge to reading and comprehension of texts, simplification of opaque elements, and written and oral interpordination

COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS: choose transparent expressions and be able to decode messages using strategies precipitated by intercomprehension practices

LEARNING SKILLS: use one's linguistic biography to draw connections and maximize communicative competence

• Theoretical framework of intercomprehension;
• Discovery of the main strategies of written and oral intercomprehension;
• Reading and listening to documents (national and international news, disciplinary texts) in different Romance languages

Computerized in-person exam with thirtieths grade, facsimile of exam is uploaded on Start@united platform.

The teacher of the course is prof. Elisa Corino ([email protected])

The correct code of the course delivered at START@UNITO is MAN0709

The course is meant to welcome the international students and help them feel at ease in the Italian cultural and linguistic context. The course is organized by the University Language Center (CLA-UniTO) for the international students of the degree courses taught in English
Students are expected to:

• develop communication skills in Italian in order to feel at ease with everyday life in Italy at a beginner level
• learn the main vocabulary, morpho-syntactic structures and phonological features of Italian at a beginner level (CEFR A1)

acquire basic intercultural skills

English Italiano CEFR A1-level syllabus (see pdf attached) Sillabo di riferimento per il livello A1 del QCER (vd pdf allegato)

Final exam during the sessions organized throughout the academic year.

For the attending students (at least 70% of classes attended):

• The learning material will be provided by the teacher according to the topics dealt with during the classes. Specific exercises and materials will be made available through e-learning platforms

For the non-attending students (less than 70% of classes attended)

• one handbook to be chosen between: Nuovo espresso A1 (Alma edizioni) or Nuovo contatto A1 (Loescher).

one grammar book to be chosen between:Gramm.it (Bonacci) or Via della grammatica (Edilingua)

English Italiano The course is meant to welcome the international students and help them feel at ease in the Italian cultural and linguistic context. The course is organized by the University Language Center (CLA-UniTO) for the international students of the degree courses taught in English. Il corso si configura come una forma di accoglienza per facilitare l’inserimento nel contesto culturale italofono. È realizzato dal Centro Linguistico di Ateneo (CLA-UniTO) e ha come obiettivo un’iniziale formazione linguistica e culturale in italiano per gli studenti internazionali dei corsi di laurea triennali, magistrali e a ciclo unico erogati in inglese. English Italiano Students are expected to: develop communication skills in Italian in order to feel at ease with everyday life in Italy at a beginner level learn the main vocabulary, morpho-syntactic structures and phonological features of Italian at a beginner level (CEFR A1) acquire basic intercultural skills Gli studenti sono tenuti a: sviluppare competenze comunicative in italiano tali da potersi relazionare in situazioni di vita quotidiana a un livello pre-intermedio acquisire il lessico e le principali strutture morfo-sintattiche e fonetiche dell’italiano ad un livello principiante (A2 del QCER) acquisire una competenza interculturale di base

English Italiano CEFR A2-level syllabus (see pdf attached) Sillabo di riferimento per il livello A2 del QCER (vedi pdf allegato)

English Italiano For the attending students (at least 70% of classes attended): partial assessment during the classes oral exam: a self presentation, a description of pictures and a dialogue For the non-attending students (less than 70% of classes attended): written exam: a computer-based test based on the A1-level language skills in Italian according to the CEFR. Students must pass the written part in order to take the oral exam. oral exam: a self presentation, a description of pictures and a dialogue Final exam during the sessions organized throughout the academic year. Per gli studenti frequentanti: valutazione in itinere durante il corso prova orale: presentazione personale, descrizione di immagini e dialogo Per gli studenti non frequentanti: prova scritta: test sulle competenze linguistiche previste dal livello A2 del QCER. è obbligatorio superare l’esame scritto per poter accedere all’orale. prova orale: presentazione personale, descrizione di immagini e dialogo Esame finale negli appelli previsti. Gli studenti che frequentano almeno il 70% delle lezioni sincrone sono esonerati dalla prova scritta.