Dispense VERIFICATO
siRNA miRNA
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- RNA interference (RNAi) involves injecting double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to induce gene silencing, which is more effective than single-strand antisense or sense RNAs. dsRNA can activate PKR leading to translation block and 2'-5' Oligonucleotide synthetase resulting in RNA cleavage.
- Fire and colleagues demonstrated that dsRNA injection into worms affects body muscle cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) at the cellular level, showing systemic effects and transmissible silencing through F1 progeny without epigenetic changes. The interference can occur through catalytic or amplification steps.
- RNAi processes include co-suppression in plants, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), transcriptional gene silencing (TGS), virus-induced silencing, and quelling in fungi. PTGS involves promoter methylation that can be reversed by 5-Azacytidine treatment.
- Small RNAs, around 25 nt, are key in RNAi mechanisms, found in plants undergoing virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and other systems like drosophila cell cultures. These small RNAs suggest a direct role in PTGS.
- The enzyme Dicer was identified as the nuclease that generates guide RNAs from long dsRNA precursors, cleaving mRNAs at 21-23 nt intervals to induce RNAi in Drosophila cells and embryos.
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