Appunti VERIFICATO
HYGIENE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY SLIDE + LECTURES
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Di cosa parla
- Hygiene: science of preventing diseases, associated with Asclepius and his daughters Igea and Panacea
- Epidemiology: study of disease patterns in populations to prevent and control diseases; focuses on describing, identifying determinants, and evaluating interventions for both infectious and non-communicable diseases
- Health evolution: from 19th century absence of disease to modern state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing, with emphasis on adaptability
- Disease vs. illness: disease is a pathological process diagnosable by doctors; illness is personal experience of unhealthiness that may or may not accompany disease
- Health determinants: genetic, lifestyle, socio-economic factors, environmental conditions, and access to care influencing health outcomes
- Risk factors: attributes increasing likelihood of developing diseases, characterized by biological plausibility, reproducibility, strength of association, dose-response relationship, and reversibility
- Hazards: potential sources of harm that can cause damage to health or property
- Causal relationships: necessary and sufficient, necessary but not sufficient, and not necessary and not sufficient types; common in health-related scenarios like smoking and cardiovascular disease
- Epidemiologic revolution: shift from infectious diseases to chronic diseases (cancer, CVD, CER) due to new vaccines, antibiotics, and increased life expectancy
- Disease stages: susceptibility, subclinical, clinical, recovery/disability/death
- Levels of prevention: primary (reducing incidence), secondary (early detection), tertiary (managing outcomes)
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