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HYGIENE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY SLIDE + LECTURES
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Hygiene and epidemiology focus on preventing diseases through health practices. Epidemiology studies disease patterns in populations to control and prevent illnesses, emphasizing determinants like genetics, lifestyle, social factors, environment, and access to care. Risk factors are attributes increasing disease likelihood, with biological plausibility, consistency, strength of association, and dose-response relationships being key. The epidemiologic revolution shifted focus from infectious diseases to chronic ones due to improved treatments and longer life expectancy. Disease stages include susceptibility, subclinical, clinical, and recovery/disabilit
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- Hygiene: science of preventing diseases, associated with Asclepius and his daughters Igea and Panacea
- Epidemiology: study of disease patterns in populations to prevent and control diseases; focuses on describing, identifying determinants, and evaluating interventions for both infectious and non-communicable diseases
- Health evolution: from 19th century absence of disease to modern state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing, with emphasis on adaptability
- Disease vs. illness: disease is a pathological process diagnosable by doctors; illness is personal experience of unhealthiness that may or may not accompany disease
- Health determinants: genetic, lifestyle, socio-economic factors, environmental conditions, and access to care influencing health outcomes
- Risk factors: attributes increasing likelihood of developing diseases, characterized by biological plausibility, reproducibility, strength of association, dose-response relationship, and reversibility
- Hazards: potential sources of harm that can cause damage to health or property
- Causal relationships: necessary and sufficient, necessary but not sufficient, and not necessary and not sufficient types; common in health-related scenarios like smoking and cardiovascular disease
- Epidemiologic revolution: shift from infectious diseases to chronic diseases (cancer, CVD, CER) due to new vaccines, antibiotics, and increased life expectancy
- Disease stages: susceptibility, subclinical, clinical, recovery/disability/death
- Levels of prevention: primary (reducing incidence), secondary (early detection), tertiary (managing outcomes)
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