Appunti VERIFICATO
Infermieristica generale e clinica 1
Università degli studi di Bari infermieristica (abilitante alla professione sanitaria di infermiere) 2026
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- I Bisogni (Maslow's Hierarchy): Describes Abraham Maslow's five levels of human needs: Physiological, Safety, Belonging/Love, Esteem, and Self-actualization, emphasizing that lower-level needs must be met first.
- L'Igiene delle Mani:
- Highlights Ignazio Filippo Semmelweis's pioneering work in hand hygiene to prevent puerperal fever.
- Explains skin flora (resident and transient) and how hand washing prevents 15-30% of nosocomial infections.
- Outlines "five moments" for hand washing (before/after patient contact, before aseptic tasks, after fluid/environment contact).
- Differentiates between social, antiseptic (including alcohol-based friction), and surgical hand washing, specifying duration and indications (e.g., C. difficile requires soap and water).
- Stresses that gloves do not replace hand hygiene and proper nail care is essential.
- L'Igiene Ambientale & L'Unità del Malato:
- Covers cleaning and sanitization for patient comfort and infection prophylaxis, with sanitization reducing microbial load by 80%.
- Classifies hospital areas by infection risk (low, medium, high) and lists factors influencing risk.
- Describes components of the patient unit (bed, bedside table, etc.) and types of hospital beds.
- Defines hygiene in general, medical, and clinical contexts, listing acts like bathing, hand/face/oral care, and their goals (cleanliness, odor elimination, infection prevention, self-image).
- L'Apparato Tegumentario & La Cura della Cute:
- Explains the skin's functions (barrier, thermoregulation, synthesis, sensory, secretion, elimination).
- Discusses skin flora (resident, transient) and the hydrolipidic film, addressing age-related changes and common skin characteristics/lesions.
- Outlines skin care principles (cleansing, hydration, protection).
- I Parametri Vitali:
- Introduces vital parameters (temperature, pulse, respiration, BP, pain, emotional state) as indicators of homeostatic function.
- Temperatura Corporea: Defines normal ranges, types of fever, and factors influencing measurement and body temperature.
- Polso Arterioso: Details assessment of frequency, rhythm, and quality, normal adult ranges, and factors affecting it (age, autonomic nervous system, drugs).
- Respirazione: Describes involuntary process, external/internal respiration, tidal volume, influencing factors, characteristics, and abnormal patterns (Cheyne-Stokes, Biot, Kussmaul).
- Pressione Arteriosa: Defines systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure, physiological/environmental factors, and measurement techniques/sites.
- Bisogno di Eliminazione Urinaria:
- Explains the urinary system (kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra), their physiology, and the nurse's role in promoting optimal function.
- Details characteristics of normal urine, alterations in urinary function (dysuria, polyuria, oliguria, anuria, incontinence, retention), and their causes.
- Lists diagnostic procedures and nursing interventions for managing urinary issues, including programmed voiding and pelvic floor exercises.
- Bisogno di Eliminazione Intestinale:
- Covers the process of feces formation and elimination, intestinal motility, and absorption.
- Describes characteristics of normal feces (composition, color, consistency, shape, quantity, odor).
- Outlines alterations in bowel function (constipation, diarrhea, fecal incontinence, flatulence, impaction) and influencing factors (diet, fluids, activity, drugs, surgery).
- Presents nursing interventions for managing bowel issues.
- Cateterismo Vescicale:
- Defines catheterization, its history, and parameters for catheter selection (caliber, material, lumens, tip).
- Emphasizes the significant risk of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) and prevention strategies.
- Details the importance of hand hygiene, meatus antisepsis, and sterile technique during insertion.
- Describes the procedure for both male and female patients, including balloon inflation.
- Stresses the maintenance of a closed drainage system, proper fixation, and timely removal to minimize infection risk.
- Highlights the nurse's central role in CAUTI prevention and patient education.
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