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This Petrografia exam covers fundamental concepts including magma eruption styles, crystallization sequences in binary systems like Fo-SiO2, and phase rule application. It explores igneous rock classification, structures (myrmekitic), and volcanic textures (pumice, scoria). Metamorphic petrology topics include metamorphic facies, reaction identification from microstructures (e.g., Al2SiO5 polymorphs), and interpretation of AFM diagrams for pelitic rocks, focusing on mineral paragenesis and temperature-dependent reactions. Finally, it addresses the characteristics of basalt metamorphism to granulite facies.
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- The exam addresses factors influencing explosive volcanic eruptions, requiring an understanding of magma properties.
- It delves into the Fo-SiO2 binary system, asking for the composition of crystallized rocks from specific melts and the identification of the peritectic reaction involving Mg2SiO4, MgSiO3, and SiO2(L).
- Further questions on the Fo-SiO2 system involve describing crystallization sequences for different melt compositions (X and Z) and applying the phase rule to explain these processes.
- Igneous petrology topics include classifying igneous rocks into three main series and identifying which series exhibits an iron-enrichment trend in its evolved intermediate compositions.
- Students are asked to explain the factors that determine the structure of igneous rocks and define specific microstructures like myrmekitic texture, including where it is typically found.
- The exam also covers the macroscopic characteristics of volcanic rocks, specifically pumice and scoria.
- In metamorphic petrology, the concept of metamorphic facies needs to be defined.
- A microphotograph prompts analysis of a metamorphic reaction, requiring definition of the reaction type and evaluation of the associated P-T evolution, likely involving Al2SiO5 polymorphs (Andalusite, Sillimanite).
- AFM diagrams for pelitic rocks at different temperatures (596°C and 598°C) are presented, requiring identification of possible mineral parageneses within compositional fields and deduction of the mineralogical reaction occurring with increasing temperature.
- Finally, the exam probes why hydrated pelitic and quartz-feldspathic rocks typically do not reach granulite facies conditions and asks to describe the distinctive features of a hydrated basalt progressively metamorphosed to granulite facies, particularly in relation to a plagioclase and clinopyroxene-dominated protolith.
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