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biologia applicata
Università degli studi di Firenze tecniche di laboratorio biomedico (abilitante alla professione sanitaria di tecnico di laboratorio biomedico) 2023
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Biology is the study of life in animals and plants, divided into zoology and botany. Key concepts include cells as the basic unit of life, genes for heredity, evolution by natural selection, and metabolism. Cells were first observed by Hooke and Leeuwenhoek, with Pasteur disproving spontaneous generation. Two cell types exist: prokaryotes without a nucleus and eukaryotes with a membrane-bound nucleus. Organisms are classified based on their structure, energy source, metabolism, oxygen requirement, and evolutionary relationships. Biology encompasses the study of atoms, molecules, macromolecules like lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, as well as ecosys
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- Biology is the science of life in animals and plants, divided into zoology and botany; it includes morphology, physiology, genetics, and pathology.
- The cell is the fundamental unit of life, with genes being the basic structure of heredity. Darwin's evolution explains the birth and extinction of species through natural selection. All organisms survive by transforming energy.
- Cell theory states that cells are the basic functional units of living organisms, all cells come from pre-existing cells, and all cells have a common origin; organisms can be unicellular or multicellular.
- The first cell was observed in 1665 by Robert Hooke, while Antonie van Leeuwenhoek made observations of live cells, bacteria, and spermatozoa in the 1600s. In 1838-39, biologists proposed that all living organisms are composed of cells.
- Louis Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation by showing that life arises only from pre-existing life forms through his experiments with broth.
- There are two types of cells: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The plasma membrane defines a closed compartment, allowing the intracellular chemical composition to differ significantly from the external environment.
- Organisms can be classified by their cell number (unicellular or multicellular), energy source (photosynthetic or chemotrophic), metabolic type (autotrophs or heterotrophs), and oxygen dependency (aerobic or anaerobic).
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