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Slide Module II_1
Università degli studi di Bologna scienze e gestione della natura Curriculum global change ecology and sustainable development goals 2024
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- Urbanization as a multidimensional process affecting human population, land cover, and complex social-ecological systems.
- Trends in urban expansion with ecological implications: faster growth of built-up areas than populations, modification of local and regional climate, negative effects on habitats and biodiversity, especially near biodiversity hotspots.
- Patterns of urban growth: decline or plateau of rural population, expansion of cities particularly in Asia (China, India) and Africa (Nigeria), encroachment into farmland, forests, savannas, and other ecosystems.
- The discipline of Urban Ecology as a bridge between Humanities, Engineering, and Natural Sciences, focusing on both basic and applied research to understand urban environments and solve environmental problems.
- Concept of "novel" urban ecosystems: hybrid states transitioning into resilient or collapsed systems, criticisms regarding unclear thresholds among historical, hybrid, and novel states.
- Unique ecological conditions in urban ecosystems: altered climate (urban heat island), hydrology (stormwater runoff), soils (pollution), biodiversity changes (species composition, genetic diversity).
- Land use and surface cover: diverse human activities influencing the physical environment, creating new urban morphology, impacting ecosystem services.
- Biotopemapping and Urban Morphology-type survey: identifying existing habitats and landscape units, distinguishing characteristic patterns of built and open spaces.
- Differences in surface-cover between various UMTs (Urban Morphology Types), focusing on built, evapotranspiring, and bare soil categories, with key impacts of replacing vegetated surfaces by sealed ones.