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Appunti mangroves
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- Mangrove forests consist of woody trees or shrubs that live in sheltered tropical and subtropical coastal regions, not completely submerged but adapted to intertidal zones.
- Key families include Avicenniaceae (black mangroves) and Rhizophoraceae (red mangroves), with a total of 16 families, 20 genera, and 54 species. Notable for their polyphyletic classification as angiosperms.
- Mangroves face three main challenges: waterlogged sediment, high salt levels, and water conservation. Adaptations include specialized root systems (aerenchyma, lenticels), salt excretion mechanisms, and vertical growth to reduce osmotic stress.
- There is a zonation within mangrove ecosystems, with red mangroves as pioneers near the shoreline, black mangroves in mid-swamp areas, and white mangroves further inland. Each species has specific adaptations for their position.
- Mangroves reproduce sexually through flowers and fruits, with vivipary common (seeds germinate on the parent plant). Pollination is primarily by animals, not water.
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