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MBC1
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- Cell Specialization: Prokaryotic cells specialize into different forms, with most performing photosynthesis; some can fix nitrogen or develop into resistant spaces.
- Eukaryotic Cell Features: Compartmentalized structure including chromosomes in the nucleus, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts (with their own genomes), endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus involved in protein processing, and cytoskeleton made of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments.
- Nucleic Acids: Nucleotides form the basis for DNA and RNA, with a 5' to 3' reading order; bases can exist in tautomeric forms affecting DNA replication and genetic variability; nucleosomes are the minimal repeated unit of eukaryotic chromatin, forming 30nm fibers that coil into chromosome arms.
- Chromatin Organization: In bacteria, DNA is compacted through supercoiling managed by topoisomerases; in eukaryotes, chromatin is organized into nucleosomes, leading to higher levels of compaction with histone modifications influencing gene expression.
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