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- 15yo man with retrosternal burning sensation after meals: most likely cause - gastroesophageal reflux disease
- Most common neoplasm of nasal cavity: angiofibroma
- Leukoplakia: not all are precancerous, not all must be evaluated histologically, variable percentages have dysplasia
- Follicular thyroid cancer prognosis - irrespective of capsular/vascular invasion; papillary has great prognosis with 1-2% death rate in 20 years; medullary has 5% death in 10 years
- Precursors of pancreatic cancer: not IPMN, Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, mucinous cystadenoma
- Cirrhosis patient who stopped drinking still at risk for - hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
- Pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands: common in 60% of cases, contains a partial capsule, not a teratoma
- Oligodendroglioma characteristics: 1p-19q+, located in cerebral hemispheres, presents calcifications (A+C+D)
- 31yo girl with abundant adipose tissue in bone marrow biopsy: myelofibrosis
- Follicular lymphoma: usually extranodal, involves BM in 80% of cases, derived from mature B cells
- Burkitt lymphoma: affects people under 65, endemic type involves EBV, rapid onset varying by site of origin
- Worse prognosis for colorectal cancer - right colon
- Sessile serrated adenoma: more common on the right colon, associated with CIMP pathway, arises from high-risk pathway
- Primary myelofibrosis: associated with proliferation of myeloid cells; chronic myeloproliferative conditions can have spent phase and peripheral cytopenia
- Follicular lymphoma: involves naive lymphocytes, present in BM in 80% of cases, aggressive course
- MSI analysis useful for - diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic value; high-grade 2 CRC responds poorly to 5-FU chemotherapy
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis diagnosis - germinal center involvement; possible complications: papillary carcinoma, extranodal MZL, nodal marginal lymphoma
- MEN1 affected organs - pituitary, pancreas, parathyroid
- NEN characteristics: appendix and intestinal NEN mostly aggressive, pancreatic NEN worse than G1 ones, jejunal and ileal NEN mos