Appunti VERIFICATO
Riassunti Studio del Prodotto e del Processo
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- Design for Manufacturability (DFM): Aims to reduce production costs through estimation, cost reduction (components, assembly, support), and action evaluation. Emphasizes minimizing operations, using standard parts, and simplifying assembly (e.g., top-down, self-aligning).
- Concurrent Engineering (CE): Integrates DFM early, focusing on project simplicity, standard components, tolerance management, workable materials, and maximizing Net-Shape processes.
- Design for Quality (DFQ): Utilizes Benchmarking, QFD (Quality Function Deployment), and Taguchi methods for robust design, aiming to minimize the effect of noise factors and reduce waste.
- Axiomatic Design: Systematizes design based on two axioms: Independence (functional requirements independent of design parameters) and Information (maximize probability of satisfying requirements). Distinguishes between uncoupled, decoupled, and coupled designs.
- Design for Assembly (DFA): Crucial as assembly errors impact product function. Strategies include manual, line, carousel, and robotic assembly. Methods like Boothroyd predict assembly times by analyzing component complexity.
- Tolerances: Involve dimensional, geometric, and positional aspects. Selection can be analytical or synthetic, with optimization methods like Chase (cost) and Taguchi (quality). Material selection prioritizes low cost, commercial formats, and near-net-shape processing.
- Mechanical Machining (Primary): Covers processes such as Extrusion, Sheet Metal Stamping, Rolling, Sintering, Forging, and Casting. Each has specific advantages (e.g., Near Net Shape, speed) and disadvantages (e.g., high fixed costs, geometric limits).
- Mechanical Machining (Secondary): Chip removal processes (e.g., turning, drilling, milling) offer high tolerances but are generally costly and are avoided if NetShape processes are feasible.
- Plastics: Explores categories like Thermoplastics (e.g., PE, PVC, Polyamides, Polycarbonates) and Thermosets (e.g., Phenolics, Epoxies), and Rubbers (e.g., Silicones). Discusses their properties, advantages (low cost/weight, specific rigidity) and disadvantages (pollution, low T/strength).
- Plastic Manufacturing Processes: Key processes include Extrusion, Injection Molding, Blow Molding, Thermoforming, and Rotational Molding, each suitable for different component complexities and production volumes.
- Composites: Materials engineered with programmed characteristics, combining matrices (e.g., epoxy) and fibers (e.g., Carbon fibers, Aramid fibers). Production methods involve spinning, carbonization, and graphitization.
- Thermoset Production Technologies: Examples include Manual layup, Autoclave, Resin Transfer Molding (RTM), Compression Molding, Infusion, and Filament Winding.
- Non-Conventional Machining: Methods for difficult materials or specific finishes. Includes Laser cutting/welding/hardening (CO2, Nd-Yag), Waterjet Cut (cold, for composites), and EDM (Electro Discharge Machining) (electric arcs, high precision but slow).
- Welding: Non-dismountable joining. Discusses principles like Dilution, Penetration, and Heat Input. Techniques include Oxyacetylene, Arc Welding (SMAW, TIG, MIG/MAG), Plasma Welding, Spot/Roll Welding, and Brazing.