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Lezione 6 - clinical virology and antiviral resistance

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Techniques for qualitative nucleic acid detection include Southern blotting (for DNA) and Northern blotting (for RNA), involving electrophoresis, membrane transfer, and probe hybridization.
Southern blotting uses restriction enzymes to cut DNA into fragments, which are then transferred to a membrane. The membrane is exposed to a labeled probe that binds specifically to the target sequence, visualized by autoradiography or fluorescence.
Hybridization assays can be solid-phase (e.g., dipstick) or liquid-phase, with sensitivity varying between methods. In situ hybridization targets specific DNA sequences within cells or tissues, using probes labeled with biotin or digoxigenin for detection.
Molecular diagnostics have improved through the development of amplification techniques, allowing positive results from as few as one target copy, making these methods suitable for routine virology.

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