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Notes of International law
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- International law comprises rules governing relations between sovereign states and other institutional subjects, operating alongside diplomacy, politics, and economics.
- The existence of international law is based on state recognition of its binding nature; its effectiveness stems from common self-interest and necessity in an increasingly interdependent world.
- While not perfect, international law has sources including treaties, customary law, general principles, judicial decisions, and scholarly writings, with the Vienna Convention providing a framework for treaty law.
- The relationship between international and national law can be monist (considered one system) or dualist (operating in separate spheres), with national law sometimes used as a source of international law.
- States are key subjects of international law, defined by the Montevideo Convention as having permanent population, territory, government, and capacity to enter into relations with other states; other entities can also possess international personality for certain purposes.