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The document provides an overview of direct statistical surveys conducted in Italy, distinguishing between censuses and sample surveys, primarily focusing on Istat's operations.
- Censuses (Rilevazioni totali):
- Definition: Total, general, direct, simultaneous, periodic, with obligatory response.
- Population and Housing Census: Decennial (first in 1861 for population, 1931 for housing, concurrent since 1951). Aims to ascertain numerical consistency and territorial distribution. Defines "family" and "cohabitation" and identifies "legal population".
- Industry and Services Census: Decennial (first in 1927, concurrent with population census since 1951 until 9th edition in 2012). Provides a comprehensive territorial overview of the economic system. Differentiates between enterprises, public institutions, and non-profit institutions.
- Agriculture Census: Decennial (first in 1930, regular since 1961, sixth edition in 2010). Offers a detailed picture of the agricultural sector.
- Innovations (15th Population Census & 9th Industry Census): Included multi-channel data collection (online, mail) and varying questionnaire types/return methods based on unit size.
- Sample Surveys (Rilevazioni parziali):
- Definition: Limit analysis to a part of the population to generalize results.
- Labor Force Survey (RCFL): Continuous survey (since 2003, replaced quarterly RTFL). A two-stage rotating panel design (~77,000 families quarterly) applies Eurostat harmonization guidelines to estimate labor market figures (employed, unemployed, inactive).
- Household Consumption Survey: Continuous monthly survey with a two-stage sample. Uses purchase diaries, self-consumption diaries, and expense summaries to analyze consumption patterns, calculate consumer price indices (NIC, FOI, IPCA), and estimate poverty (relative and absolute).
- Income and Living Conditions Survey (EU-SILC): Annual rotating panel survey, part of a Eurostat project. Produces transversal and longitudinal statistics on economic conditions and quality of life, forming the basis for social inequality and exclusion indicators.
- Multi-purpose Household Surveys: A system of seven social surveys initiated in 1993, covering topics like daily life, health, free time, citizen safety, family, social subjects, and travel. They capture opinions, perceptions, and motivations, using structured questionnaires and a two-stage sampling (municipalities and families). Data collection methods include telephone interviews (CATI), personal interviews (CAPI), and self-completion (CAWI).
- Data Quality Dimensions: The document concludes by defining data quality as a multidimensional concept, encompassing:
- Relevance: How appropriate the data is to the context of use.
- Accuracy: Correspondence between observed and true values.
- Transparency: Ease of access and understanding of statistical information.
- Timeliness: The interval between data collection and dissemination.
- Coherence: Consistency of statistics from different sources or over time.
- Comparability: Ability to compare data across space and time.
- Completeness: Capacity to provide an exhaustive informational picture of the domain.