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Project management
Università degli Studi di Roma - La Sapienza gestione del processo edilizio - project management 2020
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- Project Management (PM) Definition & Scope:
- Originates from the need to organize and rationalize repetitive activities, evolving into a method for managing the entire project lifecycle, from ideation to construction and delivery.
- Distinguishes "process economy" (custom products) from "product economy."
- ISO 12500/2012 standardizes PM language for improved efficiency.
- PMBOK & Project Manager's Role:
- The PMBOK (5th edition) outlines five core processes: Initiation, Planning, Execution, Monitoring/Control, and Closing.
- The "Talent Triangle" for project managers includes technical skills, leadership abilities, and strategic/business management acumen.
- PM oversees 10 knowledge areas: Integration, Schedule, Cost, Quality, Resources, Risk, and Stakeholder Management, among others.
- A successful PM ensures projects respect budgeted costs, timelines, optimal resource allocation, required quality, and effective response to unforeseen events.
- Phases of the Building Process:
- Involve planning, programming, realization, and final testing/delivery.
- Preceded by critical feasibility checks: technical (geological, hydrological), urbanistic, legal (heritage), and environmental.
- Key documents include the "Programma Triennale" and "Documenti Preliminari alla Progettazione" (DPP), supported by the RUP (Responsible for the Unique Procedure).
- Planning Tools & Techniques:
- Work Breakdown Structure (WBS): Decomposes project work into manageable "work packages" (WBEs), crucial for planning costs, resources, and identifying responsibilities.
- Organization Breakdown Structure (OBS) / RACI Matrix: Defines roles and responsibilities (Responsible, Approver, Consulted, Informed) within the project team.
- Cost analysis determines project expenses, including labor, materials, equipment, and general overheads, alongside profit calculation.
- Scheduling & Control:
- GANTT Chart: A bar chart system for temporal programming, visualizing activity start/end dates, durations, and dependencies (e.g., Finish-to-Finish, Start-to-Start).
- Critical Path Method (CPM): Identifies the longest sequence of activities that determine the minimum project duration, highlighting critical activities with no float/slack.
- Earned Value Management (EVM): Integrates scope, cost, and schedule to measure project performance against planned baselines (e.g., S-curves, CPI, SPI).
- Resource Histograms: Visualize resource allocation over time to identify over- or under-utilization.
- Risk Management:
- Involves identifying, analyzing (quantitatively/qualitatively), and responding to potential risks throughout the project lifecycle.
- Utilizes tools like risk matrices, probability distributions (Normal, Beta, Triangular), and simulations (e.g., Monte Carlo) to assess impact and likelihood.
- Risk responses include avoiding, accepting, transferring, reducing, or assigning responsibility, with plans for prevention, contingency, and recovery.
- Benefits of Project Management:
- Achieves global project quality, improves decision-making, facilitates communication, increases effectiveness, and reduces risks, connecting all stakeholders from client to contractors.