Riassunti VERIFICATO
Schemi riassuntivi di Gestione dei progetti di innovazione
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- Earned Value Analysis (EVA):
- A standard approach to measure project progress, analyze variances, and forecast completion time and final cost.
- Integrates time, activity, and cost dimensions by comparing planned versus actual work.
- Determines key metrics like Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled (BCWS), Budgeted Cost of Work Performed (BCWP/EV), Actual Cost of Work Performed (ACWP), and variances (Cost Variance, Schedule Variance) alongside performance indices (CPI, SPI).
- Facilitates future cost forecasting, such as Estimated Costs at Completion (EAC).
- Crucial for diverse activities, providing a homogeneous measure of progress and "early warning" signals.
- EV can be determined via weighted milestones, fixed formulas, or completion percentages.
- Risk Management:
- Employs a systematic and proactive approach to minimize negative impacts of adverse events and maximize positive outcomes.
- Involves a structured process: planning, identification, analysis, corrective actions (avoidance, transfer, mitigation), and periodic monitoring/control.
- Defines risk as a combination of occurrence probability and impact on stakeholders/environment.
- Includes qualitative analysis (identifying probability and impact scale, diagramming risks) and quantitative analysis (e.g., Expected Monetary Value (EMV), decision trees, PERT, Monte Carlo simulations).
- Multiproject Environment & Prioritization:
- Characterized by the coexistence of multiple projects within an organization, leading to increased complexity, shared resources, and higher risk/uncertainty.
- Critical aspects involve defining project priorities and implementing master-level planning and control.
- Priority assignment is influenced by technical, economic, strategic risks, success probability, expected benefits, penalties, deadlines, and impact on other projects.
- Utilizes weighted checklists to classify projects by priority and criticality, with factor weights varying by class (e.g., capital rationing, Multiproject Master Plan).
- Logic for Models & Project Archetypes:
- Enables companies to formalize and leverage their know-how, serving as a reference for estimations in areas like product development.
- Applicable when ample, representative data and known/repetitive processes are available.
- The Product Novelty Matrix categorizes projects based on innovation degree (Derivative, Platform, Breakthrough) and client/product novelty.
- The Novelty-Repeatability Matrix guides planning: ad hoc for radical novelty, or model-based for similar projects (detailed plans) or projects with differences (parametric schemes).
- New Product Development (NPD):
- Comprises all activities from conception to market launch of a new product, characterized by complexity, uncertainty, and interdisciplinary needs.
- Phases include Conception, Design, Realization (pilot production), and Market Launch, often with overlapping to reduce lead time.
- Highlights high "mortality" during the development phase.
- The "funnel model" illustrates the progression from many embryonic ideas to a single product launch.
- Emphasizes that uncertainty decreases over time, but the cost of corrective actions increases, underscoring the value of anticipating phases to reduce overall costs.
- Success is measured by efficiency, client satisfaction, business impact, and future potential.