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This document, from a 2012 Aeronautical Legislation exam, covers critical aspects of aircraft maintenance, human factors, and safety management. Key topics include consequences for certified staff malpractice, ICAO regulations (recommendations, controls), airline maintenance program requirements, LMA extension, and Human Factor Training (Part 145). It delves into error types (mistakes, slips, latent/active errors), complacency, and the SHELL model, essential for understanding safety in aerospace operations and regulatory compliance. Prepare for questions on EASA structure, CRS authorization, and maintaining airworthiness.
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- Certified Staff Malpractice: Proof of incorrect maintenance or omission of reporting leads to consequences such as recall, suspension/limitation/revocation of LMA, written recall to the company, and warnings to the maintainer.
- Airline Maintenance Program: Must detail maintenance and revision time intervals, specific operations to maintain airworthiness, and reference applicable maintenance manuals.
- ICAO Regulations: Recommendations are issued as "annexes" and "prescriptions." Interventions to verify proper operations are defined as "controls." Norms whose application is desirable are "recommendations."
- Company Organization: The "manuale d'impresa" defines how the company is organized and its privileges.
- Training Structure: Organized in three levels: 1) base maintenance, 2) theoretical concepts + base training, 3) familiarization + ramp, transit, and base line maintenance.
- Human Factor Training (Part 145): Aims to improve manager-maintainer relationships, enhance safety and quality in operations, and increase efficiency of equipment.
- Maintenance Records: Retention period for aircraft maintenance records is typically 5 years.
- CRS Signing Process: Requires basic training, experience, machine courses, LMA extension, MOE training, Part 145 company authorization, and typically 2 years of company experience.
- QTB (Quality Technical Book) Contents: Includes service admission certificates, aircraft weight, airworthiness prescriptions, component status, and reported incidents under the commander's responsibility.
- LMA Extension: Occurs after MOE training but before EASA Part 66 exams.
- Man Hours Plan: Demonstrates the ability to manage available space, inspect work, and allocate sufficient resources.
- Performance Variables (Part 145): Include consumption of spare parts/materials, human capabilities/limits affecting operational safety, and the percentage of certified staff.
- Maintenance Program for Authorization: Must specify minimum operations with manufacturer's deadlines and can include diverse operations or those performed by specific maintainer categories (A, B, C).
- Continuing Airworthiness (Reg. 2042/2003): Relates to Part M, Part 21, and CS.
- JAR-OPS 1 for COA Operators: Requires the company to collect service data, ensure maintenance according to Part 145, and possess a hangar.
- CRS Authorization: A certified staff member who completed a Part 66 course is authorized by the Part 145 company they work for.
- EASA Action Areas: Encompass aircraft design and parts, maintenance, operations, and personnel licenses.
- Remote Maintenance Authorization: For aircraft operating far from an approved maintenance base, a temporary authorization can be granted to the captain or onboard engineer if they have sufficient training.
- Subcontractor Management (Part 145): Uncertified subcontractors are managed through framework agreements between companies.
- Aircraft Maintenance: Its execution depends on the operator.
- Maintenance Manual Contents: Specifies the training program for certified staff, quality standards for Part 145 to obtain MOA, and material detailing required works and compliance with controls.
- LMA/Amendment Request: Requires EASA Form 19 submitted to the competent authority.
- Hangar for Check A: Not mandatory for a Check A.
- Certified Staff (License A): Can perform and certify simple rectifications of inconveniences without needing fault isolation procedures.
- Human Factors (Errors):
- Knowledge Base Mistake: Characterized by tasks where training, experience, and procedures did not allow rule creation.
- Workcard Error: Misreading a workcard is considered a "mistake."
- Accident: An event leading to a malfunction that causes personal injury.
- Night Maintenance: Associated with a decrease in attention, particularly concentrated between 1 AM and 4 AM or after 12 hours.
- Mechanic Involvement: Knowing company specifics and new technologies helps prevent "complacency."
- Accident Data Report: Includes description, cause analysis, conclusions, and recommendations.
- Situational Awareness: A study revealed major incongruities in maintenance reports as wrong installations, omissions, and maintenance of wrong parts.
- Human Error Conception: Generally considered unintentional.
- Difficulty in Investigating Human Error: Characterized by the latency of errors committed during maintenance.
- Human Psyche Control Levels: Involve "mistake-slip-lapses" and "knowledge-based, rule-based, skill-based" levels.
- Dirty Dozen: Damaged tools are an example of an "active" error.
- Complacency Effect: Leads to decreased attention.
- Flight Shutdowns due to Maintenance Errors: Account for 20%-30%.
- Commission Error: Means performing an extra action.
- SHEL Model (E): Refers to "Environment."
- Correcting Dirty Dozen Factors: Achieved through training and new procedures.
- Mistakes (Definition): Cognitive errors caused by memory.
- Open Questions: Describe EASA regulatory structure (Reg. 216/2008) focusing on general requirements, EASA structure, and continuing airworthiness structure. Describe the SHELL model, including its meaning, blocks, and interfaces.
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