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molecular signalling trasduction
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- Cell signalling transduction involves cells receiving and responding to external signals through various molecular platforms.
- Bacteria use quorum sensing for coordination while yeast use mating factors to promote fusion between haploid cells of opposite mate types.
- In animal cells, ligands bind specific receptors on the plasma membrane or in the cytosol, initiating a cascade of intracellular signalling proteins that amplify and transduce signals into specific cellular responses.
- Different types of cell signalling include contact-dependent, paracrine, autocrine, endocrine, and synaptic, each with distinct mechanisms of action.
- Receptors can be membrane-bound or intracellular, with different classes such as channel receptors, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), enzyme-linked receptors, and nuclear receptors, each capable of initiating diverse cellular responses.
- Intracellular signalling proteins like kinases and phosphatases play crucial roles in amplifying signals through phosphorylation cascades, while GTP-binding proteins act as switches to relay these signals from receptors to effectors.
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